1

2 component

⑧
Easily

⑧
meltable

Binary Eutectic Phase Diagram

↳ Behaves like metal (sharp mp)

Binary Phase Diagrams 2

Isomorphous phase diagram Eutectic phase diagram

⑧

2 ⑧

->

2 B
+

B
--

a
-
C <+1 $
>

1. Complete solid and liquid 1. Limited solid solubility and

solubility complete liquid solubility
2. Only one solid phase 2. Multiple solid phases
3. Completely follows Hume- 3. Partially follows Hume-Rothery
Rothery conditions conditions
 Binary Eutectic Phase Diagram 3

0 Enteclic temp
Eulekbpoint

I
183(
-

solide

~
&
Eutectic Reaction: L Liquiden

heat
2th M B
L
a
+

L (CE) ⇋ α (CαE ) + β (CβE) ---

Cool
Solvus (two solid) -
B
F c 1(t) ->

p
+
=

+
2+B

Entectic
14th
out
at conc
&
CαE CE CβE
Binary Eutectic Systems (easily melted) 4

When solid solubility is limited, and the melting points of the components are
not vastly different.

Eutectic Point

Eutectic
Temperature
Hypoeutectic Hypereutectic
Max. Solubility
region region
limit at 183oC

Eutectic composition
Min. Solubility (Pb-61.9 wt.% Sn)
limit at RT
EX 1: Pb-Sn Eutectic System 5

• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 150ºC, determine:

Pb-Sn
1. The phases present: T(ºC) system

a 8 B
0
300
L (liquid)
2. The phases compositions:
W+WB=1 a L +a
200 183ºC L +β β
18.3

o
61.9 97.8
3. The relative amount of each 150

6 &
phase: 100
a+P
X b
2 B
wa I
is -
90 -
5
0 20 40 60 80 100
· C0 Pp
40 5 C, wt% Sn
-
-

I 40
WB 90
I
=

RS 90-5 ⑧
- ⑧

C2 Co S CP
R
e -
EX 1: Pb-Sn Eutectic System 6

• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 150ºC, determine:

-- the phases present
Answer: a + β
Pb-Sn
-- the phase compositions T(ºC) system
Answer: Ca = 11 wt% Sn
300
Cβ = 99 wt% Sn L (liquid)
-- the relative amount of
a L +a
each phase 200 183ºC L +β β
Answer: 18.3 61.9 97.8
150
W =
S
=
C - C0 R S
100
 R+S C - C
a+ b
99 - 40 59
= = = 0.67
99 - 11 88
0 11 20 40 60 80 99100
R C0 - C C C0 C
W = = C, wt% Sn
R+S C - C
40 - 11 29
= = = 0.33
99 - 11 88
EX 2: Pb-Sn Eutectic System 7

• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 220ºC, determine:

1. The phases present: Pb-Sn

T(ºC) system
a9L
300
2. The phases compositions: L (liquid)
L + a
220 *
a x x
x
-

↳ bu
200 L+ β β
3. The relative amount of each 183ºC
phase:
40-18 100
a+ b
WL I -

48 18 -

48 -

40 0 20 40 60 80 100
C0
Wh
-

I
48-1 8 -
18
&
40
⑧
C, wt% Sn

C Co u
EX 2: Pb-Sn Eutectic System 8

• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 220ºC, determine:

-- the phases present:
Answer: a + L Pb-Sn
-- the phase compositions T(ºC) system
Answer: Ca = 17 wt% Sn 300
CL = 46 wt% Sn L (liquid)
L +a
-- the relative amount of each 220 a
200 R S L +β β
phase 183ºC
Answer:
CL - C0 100
46 - 40 a+ b
Wa = =
CL - C 46 - 17
6 0 17 20 40 46 60 80 100
= = 0.21 C C0 CL
29
C, wt% Sn
C0 - C 23
WL = = = 0.79
CL - C 29
Microstructure development 9

T(ºC)

300
L (liquid)
L +a
a
200 L + β β
183ºC

100
a + b
-B

0 20 60 80 100

C, wt% Sn
Microstructure development 10

⑧
-

--
⑧ ~
with
- L

O
·

-
L
->
⑩

-
mi
·
·

⑧
X
↳ -

--

Co
O
~
.. - B
C
particles
 Microstructure development 11

L
For alloys where Co < 2 wt% α
Sn

Result at room temperature is

a polycrystalline with grains of
α phase having composition
Co.
α (Co wt.% Sn)

α α
α
α
Co
Microstructure development 12

-
30
-

O
-
-
-- an 6

~- 2
s

0 -C
0 C
-

& $

X
=0
I
I
Co
-
->

we
->
D
L

B
-
Microstructure development 13

L
2 wt% Sn < Co < 18.3
wt% Sn α

Results in polycrystalline
α (Co wt.%
microstructure with α
Sn)
grains and small β-
phase particles at lower
temperatures.
α
β

Co
Microstructure development 14

-0
--L
-
-

Enteri
Eutectic

- 5
0
Co = CE
 Microstructure development 15

L (61.9 wt. % Sn)

 Co = CE

Results in a
eutectic

/
microstructure
with alternating
layers of α and
β crystals.
Eutectic B
β (97.8 wt. % Sn)
α (18.3 wt. % Sn)
↳
Co = CE Entectic
primary
Lamellar Eutectic Microstructure 16
↳ layer
by layer
o A 2-phase microstructure resulting from
the solidification of a liquid having the
eutectic composition where the phases
exist as a lamellae that alternate with
one another.

o Formation of eutectic layered

microstructure in the Pb-Sn system during
solidification at the eutectic
composition. Compositions of α and β
phases are very different. Solidification
involves redistribution of Pb and Sn
atoms by atomic diffusion.
 Microstructure development 17

0
-
- -

Le -

0
0
⑧
--
-
00

L ~ Entectic B
-
⑤-
-*
⑧ 0
·
⑱
a
D
⑧

Sutectic [
⑧8

proenteric <
Co
 Microstructure development 18

Co = 30 wt. % Sn
L
Microstructure L
consists of primary α
α
phase and an
eutectic structure
between α and β
phases L
Primary α
α
(18.3 wt. % Sn)

β (97.8 wt. % Sn)

α (18.3 wt. % Sn)
Eutectic
structure
Co
Hypoeutectic & Hypereutectic 19

0O
300
Hier
L
T(ºC) electic
a L +a
200 L+β β (Pb-Sn
TE

un
System)
region
a+ β
. 100

0 20 40 60 80 100 C, wt% Sn
eutectic
hypoeutectic: C0 = 50 wt% Sn 61.9
hypereutectic: (illustration only)
eutectic: C0 = 61.9 wt% Sn
a
a β
a a β
a β β
a β
175 mm 160 mm β
19
eutectic micro-constituent
20
Three Phase Reactions tic- One phone is liquid 21

toids All phans are solic

Three Phase Reactions 22

X
-- B Entectic
I
a
T 2
-- C +

B -

cool
L 2 B
t
+

o
x)- 2 +

cool
P
c B
intectoid

8 -
+

#eat
Three Phase Reactions 23

-
-t &
perilectic
-
- L
M
M
+2
B
2 + L cool
-> P
Feat
C B -

[
+

-> peritecloid
B
↳
a -
T2 R
P
a
cool P
+

B -
Feat
 Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram 24

Identify the different reactions in this phase diagram

+ 199
0
cool

⑧ g
pt
L
--
-

O
200
P -> 2 + Fe3
Summary 25

1. Binary eutectic phase diagram have a composition where

it behaves like a metal called as eutectic composition.

2. Lamellar structure forms at the eutectic composition and

below eutectic temperature.

3. Below and above the eutectic composition, the

microstructure has primary or proeutectic alpha or beta
phase also.