Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26

Journal home page: https://barw.krd/index.php/BMJ

Original Article

Cancer Publications in One Year (2022): A Cross-Sectional

Study
Fenk Mariwan Mohemed1, Binaiy Nasih Fatih1, Abdullah Abdulrahman Qadir1*, Shalaw H.
Abdalla2, Zana H. Mahmood3,4
1. College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
2. Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaimani Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
3. Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
4. University of Human Development, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq

*Corresponding author: [email protected] (A.A. Qadir). Chamchamal, Apartment 50, Zip code: 46001,
Sulaimani, Iraq

Abstract

Keywords: Introduction
Malignancy
Tumor Cancer is the uncontrollable and abnormal division of cells in a specific part of the
Cancer body, which can spread to adjacent areas. The number of scientific publications on
Metastasis cancer has increased significantly over the past few decades. The objective of the
Incidence rate current study is to evaluate scientific publications on cancer in 2022.
Methods
Received: April 12, 2023
Revised: April 29, 2023 A cross-sectional study was conducted on published papers on cancer in 2022. The
Accepted: May 10, 2023 data were collected online from the Google Scholar search engine and recorded in
Published: May 20, 2023 Microsoft Excel 2010. The extracted data were calculated and thoroughly re-
evaluated, and they were presented as frequencies and percentages.
Copyright: © 2023 Mohemed et al. This is an Results
open access article distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution License A total of 167,129 medical studies on cancer in various body organs were collected for
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), the study, with 37,500 studies specifically focused on breast cancer. This represented
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, the highest number of studies in 2022, while only 4 articles were specific to glottis
and reproduction in any medium, provided the cancer, marking the lowest number in that year.
original author and source are credited.
Conclusion
Citation: Mohemed FM, Fatih BN, Qadir AA, The existence of a gap between the incidence rate of each cancer type and scientific
Abdalla SH, Mahmood ZH. Cancer literature may lead to a defect in our understanding of the nature of the diseases.
Publications in One Year (2022): A Cross-
Sectional Study. Barw Medical Journal. 2023
May 20;1(2):18-26.
https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

1. Introduction genetic mutations due to either hereditary or environmental

factors [2,3]. The proposed environmental carcinogens are
Cancer can be defined as uncontrollable and abnormal cell radiations (radioactivity, ultraviolet, electromagnetic field),
division in a specific part of the body that can spread to other certain viral families (Retroviridae, Papovaviridae,
adjacent or distant parts [1]. Initiation of cellular proliferation, Herpesviridae), xenochemicals, air pollution, biocides,
differentiation, and undergoing the process of apoptosis are pesticides, and metals [4]. At the molecular level, normal
strictly ordained by regulatory signals, while cancer cells are cellular functions are carried out by proteins encoded by
independent and gain autonomy over these signals [2]. This specific genes. Protein synthesis involves a series of steps, each
behavioral disruption of the cells originates from multiple requiring its own set of activated enzymes. Most of these steps
 Mohemed et al. Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26 | https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

are susceptible to being affected, leading to modifications in discussed cancers or types of cancer that have been published
the structure or quantity of proteins, which in turn can result in in 2022.
alterations in cellular function. Malignant transformation is
induced by two or more mutant abnormalities in the same cell. 2.4. Exclusion criteria
The mutations can be inherited or sporadic. At the nucleotide
The exclusion criteria included articles with only abstracts
level, types of mutation are substitution, addition, deletion, and
available, non-English articles, pre-print articles (non-peer-
activation of multiple oncogenes including the p53, c-fms, and
reviewed), and published articles in predatory journals.
Ras genes by point mutation leading to amino acid substitution
Predatory journals were defined and determined based on
in the composition of proteins [5]. Globally, in 2019, cancer
Kscien’s list [10].
was the fourth most common cause of death in patients at the
age of 15 years old. There were 1.9 million cancer cases, 2.5. Data analysis
resulting in 396,000 deaths [6]. As claimed by Globocan
statistics, there were 19.3 million new cancer cases and about Data were collected by unprinted forms from Google Scholar,
10 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2020 [7]. According to then entered and summarized by Microsoft Excel 2010, and the
Cancer Research UK, 375,000 new cancer cases arise in the extracted data were organized and thoroughly re-evaluated.
UK each year, which is around 1,000 each day. In addition, The IBM SPSS Statistics software was used for descriptive
there are around 167,000 cancer deaths in the UK every year, analysis. The data were displayed as frequencies and
which constitute 460 cases every day [8]. Nevertheless, percentages.
significant increases have been noticed in the incidence of
colon cancer in people under 50 years in Denmark (by 3.1%
per year), New Zealand (2.9% per year), Australia (2.9% per 3. Results
year), and the UK (1.8% per year) [9].
The study included 167,129 medical studies in the search
The present study aims to examine the number of published
engine "Google Scholar". A total of 37,500 studies (22.4%)
articles on cancer in 2022 and categorize them based on body
were specific to breast cancer, which was the most focused
organs and types of cancer. cancer. The minimum number of studies in cancer research was
on glottis cancer, which had only four studies. In total, the
studies focused on cancer in 34 different organs and the throat's
2. Methods components. Regarding the type of cancer, hepatocellular
carcinoma was the most commonly studied cancer in 9090
2.1. Study design studies (76.8%) among liver cancers in 2022, and 5.44%
among all cancers in 2022. The least common ones, on which
This cross-sectional study was conducted on the studies whose
only one study was performed, are basal cell carcinoma of the
main focus was on cancers in human beings. The study was
anal canal, vulval melanoma, transitional cell carcinoma of the
conducted over a one-month duration, from February 1st, 2023,
prostate, sinonasal lymphoma, oral cavity lymphoma, renal
to March 1st, 2023.
sarcoma, and verrucous carcinoma of the vulva. It was found
2.2. Setting that the majority of brain cancer studies were on
medulloblastoma (22%), and the minority of them were on
The search engine 'Google Scholar' was exhaustively searched oligodendroglioma (2.4%). The most commonly mentioned
for all relevant publications in the English language, using the lung cancer studies were on non-small cell carcinoma (38.4%),
keywords; cancer OR cancers OR carcinoma OR carcinomas and the least ones were on squamous cell carcinoma (3.2%).
OR cancerous OR malignant OR malignancy OR malignancies The most prevalent studies on oesophageal cancer were on
OR malignance. For all of the cancers included in our research squamous cell carcinoma (49%), and the least prevalent were
we used these keywords according to each type: (brain on adenocarcinoma (11%). Adenocarcinoma (10%) was the
“intracranial”), (lung), (esophageal “esophagus”), (liver most common cancer focused on in the studies on gastric
“hepatic”), (gastric “stomach”), (eyes “ ocular”), (naso- cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors were the least commonly
sinonasal), (ear), (oral), (tongue), (small intestine “ small mentioned (0.4%). Regarding ocular cancer, the studies were
bowel”), (colorectal “large intestine”, “large bowel”), commonly on retinoblastoma (38.7%), and the fewest of them
(pancreas “pancreatic”), (bladder "vesical”), (prostate were on medulloepithelioma (1.7%) (Table 1).
”prostatic”), (endometrial ”uterus”, “uterine”), (penile-
”penis”), (testicular-”testis”), (thyroid), (adrenal), (skin
”cutaneous”), (salivary gland), (pituitary), (parathyroid), (bone
4. Discussion
marrow), (bone “skeletal”), (nasopharynx, oropharynx,
hypopharynx, supraglottic, glottis, subglottic), (lymphatic The term “cancer” is confined to a wide spectrum of diseases
system), (cervical), (ovarian), (renal ”kidney”), (breast), that are caused by unregulated cellular division and biological
(vulvar ”vaginal”) and (anal ”anus”). To supplement data cell death (apoptosis). Cancers are specified by the cell types,
collection, references in the retrieved studies were also checked tissues, or organs from which they arise [11]. More than 200
for eligibility. various types of cancer have been classified [12,13]. confirmed
primary modalities for the treatment of cancer include surgery,
2.3. Inclusion criteria

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 Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26
Journal home page: https://barw.krd/index.php/BMJ

Table 1. Distribution of published papers in 2022 regarding the site of cancer origin and types of cancer
Cancer regarding the origin site Number of studies Cancer Types N. (%)
Medulloblastoma 506 (22%)
Astrocytoma 225 (9.8%)
Brain tumor 2,305 Ependymoma 179 (7.8%)
Oligodendroglioma 56 (2.4%)
Others 1339 (58%)
Non-small cell carcinoma 6821(38.4%)
Adenocarcinoma 2856 (16.1%)
Lung cancer 17,769 Small cell carcinoma 945 (5.3%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 562 (3.2%)
Others 6585 (37%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 1426 (49%)
Esophageal cancer 2,930 Adenocarcinoma 327 (11%)
Others 1177 (40%)
Hepatocellular carcinoma 9090 (76.8%)
Liver cancer 11,840
Others 2750(23.2%)
Adenocarcinoma 629 (10%)
GIST 293 (4.6%)
Lymphoma 82 (1.3%)
Gastric cancer 6,304
Diffuse gastric tumor 50 (0.8%)
Neuroendocrine tumor 23 (0.4%)
Others 5227 (82.9%)
Retinoblastoma 46 (38.7%)
Uveal melanoma 17 (14.3%)
Squamous cell carcinoma of
Ocular cancer 3 (2.5%)
119 the conjunctiva
Medulloepithelioma 2 (1.7%)
Others 51 (42.8%)
Olfactory neuroblastoma 34 (10.6%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 30 (9.4%)
Melanoma 7 (2.2%)
Nasal, Sinonasal cancer Lymphoma 1 (0.3%)
320
Others 248 (77.5%)
Basal cell carcinoma 3 (14%)
Ear cancer 22
Others 19 (86%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 1030 (25%)
Verrucous carcinoma 6 (0.15%)
Oral cancer 4,118
Lymphoma 1 (0.02%)
Others 3081 (74.82%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 117 (42.5%)
Tongue cancer 275
Others 158 (57.5%)
Lymphoma 114 (8.4%)
Adenocarcinoma 98 (7.3%)
Small intestine cancer 1,351 Sarcoma 31 (2.3%)
Carcinoid 11 (0.8%)
Others 1097 (81.2%)
 Mohemed et al. Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26 | https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

Tabe 1. Continued...
Adenocarcinoma 618 (5.6%)
Lymphoma 102 (0.9%)
Colorectal cancer 11,100 Neuroendocrine tumor 29 (0.3%)
Familial colorectal cancer 24 (0.2%)
Others 10327 (93%)
Adenocarcinoma 1174 (65.4%)
Pancreatic neuroendocrine
449 (25%)
tumor
Colloid carcinoma 84 (4.7%)
Pancreatic cancer 1,794 Acinar cell carcinoma 49 (2.7%)
Adenosquamous carcinoma 15 (0.8%)
Pancreatoblastoma 3 (0.2%)
Others 20 (1.1%)
Transitional cell carcinoma 379 (11%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 26 (0.8%)
Bladder cancer 3,450
Adenocarcinoma 6 (0.2%)
Others 3039 (88%)
Neuroendocrine tumor 117 (1.2%)
Adenocarcinoma 35 (0.3%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 7 (0.07%)
Prostate cancer 10,039
Sarcoma 4 (0.04%)
Transitional cell carcinoma 1 (0.01%)
Others 9875 (98.4%)
Uterine sarcoma 112 (4.1%)
Endometroid adenocarcinoma 62 (2.2%)
Uterine cell carcinoma 22 (0.8%)
Endometrial cancer 2,765
Squamous cell carcinoma 17 (0.6%)
Uterine papillary carcinoma 4 (0.1%)
Others 2548 (92.2%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 66 (21%)
Sarcoma 6 (2%)
Penile carcinoma 313
Melanoma 2 (0.6%)
Others 239 (76.4%)
Seminoma 132 (37.5%)
Stromal tumor 15 (4.3%)
Testicular cancer 352
Non-seminoma 5 (1.4%)
Others 200 (56.8%)
Papillary 1280 (30.84%)
Medullary 281 (6.8%)
Anaplastic 195 (4.7%)
Follicular 154 (3.7%)
PTMC 6 (0.14%)
Thyroid cancer 4,150
Hurthle cell carcinoma 4 (0.1%)
Malignant lymphoma 4 (0.1%)

Others 2226 (53.63%)

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 Mohemed et al. Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26 | https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

Tabe 1. Continued...
Melanoma 995 (42%)
Basal cell carcinoma 598 (25%)
Skin cancer 2,389 Squamous cell carcinoma 487 (20%)
Porocarcinoma 25 (1%)
Others 284 (12%)
Pheochromocytoma 446 (37%)
Adrenal cancer 1,203 Neuroblastoma 361 (30%)
Others 396 (33%)
Parotid tumor 193 (43%)
Submandibular cancer 33 (7.4%)
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 27 (6%)
Salivary gland carcinoma 448
Minor salivary gland tumor 11 (2.5%)
Sublingual gland tumor 4 (0.9%)
Others 180 (40.2%)
Pituitary cancer 67 None 0.04%
Parathyroid cancer 136 None 0.08%
Multiple myeloma 3600 (58.5%)
AML 1425 (23.1%)
CLL 459 (7.5%)
Bone marrow cancer 6,153 CML 263 (4.3%)
ALL 74 (1.2%)
Others 332 (5.4%)
Osteosarcoma 1590 (42.8%)
Ewing sarcoma 363 (9.8%)
Chondrosarcoma 258 (7%)
Bone cancer 3,711 Fibrosarcoma 97 (2.6%)
Leiomyosarcoma 7 (0.2%)
Clear cell chondrosarcoma 4 (0.1%)
Others 1392 (37.5%)
Nasopharyngeal cancer 1,335 None 0.8%
Oropharyngeal cancer 714 None 0.4%
Hypopharyngeal cancer 202 None 0.12%
Supraglottic cancer 88 None 0.05%
Glottic cancer 4 None 0.002%
Subglottic cancer 24 None 0.01%

Hodgkin lymphoma 3660 (41.7%)

Lymphoma 8,780 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 766 (8.7%)

Others 4354 (49.6%)

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 Mohemed et al. Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26 | https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

Tabe 1. Continued...
Epithelial cell tumor 730 (12.1%)
Germ cell tumor 26 (0.4%)
Ovarian cancer 6,048
Stromal tumor 12 (0.2%)
Others 5280 (87.3%)
Cervical cancer 5,429 Squamous cell carcinoma 198 (3.6%)
Adenocarcinoma 32 (0.6%)
Small cell carcinoma 21 (0.4%)
Others 5178 (95.4%)
Renal cell carcinoma 3229 (75.85%)
Wilms tumor 246 (5.8%)
Lymphoma 3 (0.07%)
Renal cancer 4,257
Transitional cell 2 (0.05%)
Sarcoma 1 (0.02%)
Others 776 (18.2%)
Ductal carcinoma 257 (0.7%)
Inflammatory breast cancer 198 (0.5%)
Metaplastic 83 (0.2%)
Intensive lobular carcinoma 76 (0.2%)
Papillary 36 (0.1%)
Mucinous 32 (0.1%)
Breast cancer 37,500 Micropapillary carcinoma 17 (0.05%)
Apocrine carcinoma 13 (0.04%)
Medullary carcinoma 7 (0.02%)
Tubular carcinoma 3 (0.01%)
Others 36778 (98%)
Squamous cell 46 (42%)
Verrucous carcinoma 1 (1%)
Vulvar cancer 110
Melanoma 1 (1%)
Others 62 (56%)
Urothelial carcinoma 1440 (21%)
Transitional cell carcinoma 389 (5.65%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 48 (0.68%)
Small cell bladder carcinoma 19 (0.28%)
Bladder cancer 6,863 Adenocarcinoma 22 (0.32%)
Plasmacytoid 8 (0.1%)
Micropapillary 7 (0.1%)
Sarcomatoid 5 (0.07%)
Others 4925 (71.8%)
Squamous cell carcinoma 84 (25.5%)
Adenocarcinoma 3 (1%)
Anal canal cancer 329
Basal cell carcinoma 1 (0.3%)
Others 241 (73.2%)
Appendiceal cancer 23 None 0.013%
Total 167,129

GIST: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, PTMC: Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma, AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, ALL: Acute
Lymphocytic Leukemia, CML: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

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 Mohemed et al. Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26 | https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

The study's selection criteria concentrated on all articles that

radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, either as monotherapy or in the global load of liver malignancy in 2020 and guessed that
combination [14,15]. Regarding cancers of the central nervous the number of new cases and deaths per year would increase by
system (CNS), glioblastoma was not only the most common more than 55% before 2040 [21]. This conclusion goes with
type but also the most aggressive one, which also has an the data from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF).
inadequate response to chemoradiation. In a study based on Mongolia had the highest rates of liver cancer and the highest
data from 1999 to 2016, CNS cancers were responsible for number of deaths due to the disease in 2020, followed by
considerable morbidity and mortality. The incidence has Egypt. About 11,840 studies were conducted on liver cancer
increased by 17.3%, of which 330,000 cases were reported worldwide in 2022. Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is not only a
only in 2016, and East Asia took the largest share, with about rare endocrine carcinoma but also an aggressive one.
108,000 cases for both sexes. In 2022, worldwide, 2,305 Moreover, it’s not a common cause of primary
studies were conducted about brain tumors. However, a hyperparathyroidism; this might be the reason for not having
considerable geographical and regional difference in CNS an abundance of studies; there are only 136 studies worldwide
cancer was noted; it might indicate variations in diagnosis, about parathyroid cancer, with a frequency of 0.08% of all
documentation, ethnicity, or environmental exposures. As cancers. It is usually seen among old-aged Caucasians, with a
reported by the National Brain Tumor Society, only in the slight male predominance [22]. Parathyroid malignancy is most
United States, an estimated 700,000 people have a primary often diagnosed in patients over 30 years of age [23].
brain tumor [16,17]. Regarding lung cancer, nearly 17,769 Regarding esophageal cancer, despite being a rare type of
studies have been conducted since 2022. Among the deadliest cancer, it is aggressive and develops slowly. It makes up nearly
cancers, lung cancer is at the top of cancer-related deaths 1% of cancer cases in the United States, and 80% are
globally because of late diagnosis, limited treatment, and adenocarcinomas. The frequency of new cases per year is
interventions [18]. Though squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) around 4 per 100,000 people, and it is more prominent in men
falls into the most common lung cancer category, no efficient, compared to women [24]. The number of studies on esophageal
targetable agents have been discovered. Histologically, lung malignancy was about 2,930 in 2022. Bone cancer is not a
carcinoma is classified into two major groups: small-cell lung widespread type of cancer compared to other types of
carcinoma (SCLC), which accounts for 15% of all lung malignancies. Among the subtypes, osteosarcoma contributes
cancers, and non-SCLC, which accounts for around 85% of all 36% of all types of bone cancer. It affects mainly the leg bones
cases. Only in 2022, approximately 6,821 studies have of children and young adults [25]. Also, this kind is more
discussed NSCLCs, which are generally subclassified into frequent among girls younger than 15 and boys over 15. In
adenocarcinoma, SqCC, and large cell carcinoma [18]. Hawaii, American Chinese males have the highest incidence
Recently, the widely used methods for NSCLC treatment rate of bone cancer (6.4 per 100,000) [25]. In the most recent
include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, study, the countries with the highest incidence of bone cancer
immunotherapy, and comprehensive therapy. Despite all of were Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United States
these modalities, no effective improvement in the survival rate [26]. Regarding breast cancer, the pathophysiological
has been recorded. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer background is multifaceted and still poorly comprehended, but
among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancers. It is certain risk factors have been revealed. Female sex and
the third most common cause of death in males after liver and advancing age are considered the most common risk factors
stomach cancers. Thyroid cancer is the most recurring cancer [27,28,29]. In 2022, 290,560 new cases were recorded in the
among endocrine organs. There has been a comprehensive rise United States of America among both sexes [30]. Despite
in the prevalence of thyroid malignancy over the past few considerable progress in diagnosing and treating breast cancer,
decades. According to the National Cancer Institute, the a number of key clinical and scientific issues remain to be
estimated number of new thyroid cancer cases in 2022 was resolved regarding prevention, diagnosis, prognosis,
43,800, which was about 2.3% of all new cancer cases. recurrence, and treatments [31]. The current study reported that
Moreover, the estimated number of deaths in 2022 due to 37,500 (22.4%) studies in 2022 were published under the title
thyroid cancer was 2,230. However, it was only 0.4% of all "breast cancer." This might have originated from the urge to
cancer deaths [19,20]. This study is in line with American reveal poorly understood aspects of the disease and evaluate
Cancer Society data, which reported 43,720 new cases of the most effective intervention in order to meet its growing
thyroid cancer (12,540 in males and 31,180 in females) in burden. Ductal cell carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an unlimited
addition to 2,120 deaths from thyroid carcinoma (970 in males division of neoplastic luminal cells that are restricted to the
and 1,150 in females) [18]. Among the subtypes, papillary duct-lobular system of the breast tissue. The DCIS advances
thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is primarily accountable for this rise; toward invasive breast cancer when the abnormal cells reach
among 4150 studies in 2022, 1280 (30.84%) were about PTC. the ductal basement membrane and intrude into the
In a study conducted in Pakistan, about 374 thyroid lesions surrounding parenchyma [32]. The incidence rate among
were reassessed, and 56 cases were cancerous. PTC constituted women under 50 years of age has been continuing to rise since
about 43 (76.78%) cases [19]. Thyroid carcinoma is nearly 1983 [33].
three times more common in women than men, and it is more
widespread in white people than in black people [19]. Primary cancers of the small bowel are infrequent, representing
Regarding liver cancer, in a study published in the Journal of less than 1% of all adult malignancies. The most commonly
Hepatology, scientists from the International Agency for found type is adenocarcinoma; however, carcinoid tumors
Research on Cancer (IARC) and partner institutions calculated exhibit the most frequent histological type; other types are

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 Mohemed et al. Barw Medical Journal | 2023;1(2):18-26 | https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.30

sarcomas and lymphomas [34]. Small intestine cancers were Conflicts of interest: The author(s) have no conflicts of
subjected to 1,351 studies in 2022, compared to a previous interest to disclose.
study conducted by Rebecca et al., which revealed that cancer
was diagnosed in 11,790 cases only in the United States of Ethical approval: Not applicable.
America during 2022 [30]. A further study conducted by Chow
Patient consent (participation and publication): Not
et al. demonstrated that the mean annual incidence of
applicable.
adenocarcinoma is 3.7 per million individuals, followed by
carcinoid and lymphoma, which are 3.6 and 1.1 per million Funding: The present study received no financial support.
people, respectively [35]. This is disproportionate to the
number of publications in 2022, including 114, 98, and 31 Acknowledgements: None to be declared.
papers for lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma,
Authors' contributions: FMM participated in data collection;
respectively. Colorectal cancer has remained uncommon for
BNF designed the study; FMM, BNF, AAQ participated in
several decades; however, it has grown to be a common cancer
preparing the manuscript; SHA, ZHM critically revised the
and recently represents approximately 10% of mortality from
manuscript; AAQ confirmed the authenticity of the data; all
cancer in the Western world [36]. The incidence rate has also
authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
increased in developing countries [37]. Based on a study
conducted by Abu Hassan et al., the incidence rate varies Data availability statement: Not applicable.
among different ethnicities. Variation can emerge from
different geographical backgrounds, variable risk factors, and
genetic compositions. Surgery is the cornerstone therapeutic
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