Knowledge planet

WORK SHEET
Class 08 - Mathematics

1. The length, breadth, and height of a cuboidal reservoir are 7m, 6m and 15 m respectively. 8400 L of water is pumped out
from the reservoir. Find a fall in the water level in the reservoir.
2. Metallic discs of radius 0.75 cm and thickness 0.2 cm are melted to obtain 508.68 cm3 of metal. Find the number of discs
to be melted. (use π = 3.14)
3. Work out the surface area of the shape:(Use π = 3.14)

4. The ratio between the curved surface area and the total surface area of a right circular cylinder is 1 : 2. Find the ratio
between the height and radius of the cylinder.
5. Find the total surface area of the following cuboids:

6. A godown is in the form of a cuboid of measures 60m × 40m × 30m . How many cuboidal boxes can be stored in it if

the volume of one box is 0.8 m3?

7. A cube of side 5 cm is cut into as many 1 cm cubes as possible. What is the ratio of the surface areas of the original cube
to that of the sum of the surface areas of the small cubes?
8. Water flows from a tank with a rectangular base measuring 80 cm × 70 cm into another tank with a square base of side
60 cm. If the water in the first tank is 45 cm deep, how deep will it be in the second tank?

9. A truck carrying 7.8 m3 concrete arrives at a job site. A platform of width 5 m and height 2 m is being constructed at the
site. Find the length of the platform, constructed from the amount of concrete on the truck?
10. A carpenter makes a box that has a volume of 13400 cm3. The base has an area of 670 cm2. What is the height of the
box?
11. Below are the drawings of cross-sections of two different pipes used to fill swimming pools. Figure A is a combination
of 2 pipes each having a radius of 8 cm. Figure B is a pipe having a radius of 15 cm. If the force of the flow of water
coming out of the pipes is the same in both the cases, which will fill the swimming pool faster?

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12. A milk tank is in the form of cylinder whose radius is 1.5 m and length is 7 m. Find the quantity of milk in litres that can
be stored in the tank?

13. Find the volume of cube whose Total Surface Area is 486cm2
14. A cylindrical tank has a radius of 154 cm. It is filled with water to a height of 3 m. If water to a height of 4.5 m is poured
into it, what will be the increase in the volume of water in kL?

15. A cuboid’s base has an area of 20cm2, and a perimeter of 20 cm. If the cuboid’s height is 6 cm, what is the total surface
area?

16. The ratio of the radius and height of a cylinder is 2 : 3. If its volume is 12936 cm3, find the total surface area of the
cylinder.
17. The thickness of a hollow metallic cylinder is 2 cm. It is 70 cm long with an outer radius of 14 cm. Find the volume of
the metal used in making the cylinder, assuming that it is open at both ends. Also, find its weight if the metal weighs 8 g
per cm3.
18. Find the height of cuboid whose base area is 180cm2 and volume is 900cm3.
19. A square sheet of paper is converted into a cylinder by rolling it along its side. What is the ratio of the base radius to the
side of the square?
20. An aquarium is in the form of a cuboid whose external measures are 80cm × 30cm × 40cm . The base, side faces and
back face are to be covered with a coloured paper. Find the area of the paper needed.
21. The length , width and height of a cuboid are 10cm, 8 cm and 7 cm respectively . Find the lateral surface area of a
cuboid?
22. Find the area of the following fields. All dimensions are in metres.

23. The internal measures of a cuboidal room are 12m × 8m × 4m . Find the total cost of whitewashing all four walls of a

room, if the cost of white washing is ₹5 per m2. What will be the cost of white washing if the ceiling of the room is also
whitewashed?
24. There are two cuboidal boxes as shown in the adjoining figure. Which box requires the least amount of material to
make?

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25. Find out the surface area (Use π = 3.14)

26. External dimensions of a closed wooden box are in the ratio 5:4:3. If the cost of painting its outer surface at the rate of

Rs. 5 per dm2 is Rs. 11750, find the dimensions of the box.
27. There is a pentagonal shaped park as shown in the figure. For finding its area Jyoti and Kavita divided it in two different
ways.

Find the area of this park using both ways. Can you suggest some other way of finding area?
28. A rectangular piece of paper of dimensions 22cm by 10cm is rolled along its length to form a cylinder. Find the volume
of cylinder formed.
29. Find the total surface area of the following cylinders (Figure).
i.

ii.

30. A company packages its milk powder in cylindrical container whose base has a diameter of 14 cm and height 20 cm.
Company places a label around the surface of the container (as shown in the figure). If the label is placed 2 cm from top
and bottom, what is the area of the label.

31. Factorise the expressions and divide them as directed: (x3 + x2 - 132x) ÷ x (x - 11).

32. Write the greatest common factor of the terms: 21pqr, -7p2q2r2, 49p2qr

33. Factorise: x4 – (y + z)4

2

34. Factorise 9x2 + 2xy + , using the identity a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

y

35. Factorise the expression and divide them as directed: (3x2 - 48) ÷ (x - 4).

36. Factorise the expression: 5x2y - 15xy2

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37. Factorise the expression: -4a2 + 4ab - 4ca

38. Factorise 9x2 + 24x + 16, using the identity a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2

39. Factorise p2 + 14p + 13.

40. Factorise 9y2 - 4xy + , using the identity a2 - 2ab + b2 = (a - b)2.
2
4x

41. Factorise the given expression: a2b + a2c + ab + ac + b2c + c2b

42. Factorise: 16x5 – 144x3

43. Factorise : a3 - 4a2 + 12 - 3a

44. Factorise: x2 + 8x + 16
45. Factorise the expressions: 10ab + 4a + 5b + 2
46. Divide: z(5z2 - 80) by 5z(z + 4)

47. Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial: (x3 + 2x2 + 3x) ÷ 2x

48. Divide: 15 (y + 3) (y2 - 16) by 5 (y2 - y - 12)

49. Perform the division: (-qrxy + pryz - rxyz) ÷ (-xyz).

50. Perform the division: (x3y3 + x2y3 - xy4 + xy) ÷ xy.

51. Factorise the expression and divide them as directed: 5pq (p2 – q2) ÷ 2p (p + q)

52. Factorise the expression and divide them as directed: (y2 + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)

53. Divide 24(x2yz + xy2z + xyz2) by 8xyz using both the methods.
54. Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial: (p3q6 – p6q3) ÷ p3q3

55. Factorise: m4 - 256

56. Factorise: p4 – 81
57. Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial: 8(x3y2z2 + x2y3z2 + x2y2z3) ÷ 4x2y2z2

58. Factorise: x4 – (x – z)4

59. Factorise: a4 – 2a2b2 + b4

60. Work out the division: 96abc (3a – 12) (5b – 30) ÷ 144 (a – 4) (b – 6)

61. Factorize 2x2 + 5x + 3.

62. Factorise the expression and divide them as directed:12xy (9x2 – 16y2) ÷ 4xy (3x + 4y)
63. Factorise: 25a2 – 4b2 + 28bc – 49c2

64. Factorize 3m2 + 24m + 36

65. Factorise the expression and divide them as directed: (m2 – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
66. Factorise the expression and divide them as directed: 39y3 (50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)

67. Factorize x2 + 5x – 36

68. Factorize 12x2 – 23xy +10y2

69. Factorize x4 – y4

70. Factorize 6x2 – 13x + 6

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 Solution

WORK SHEET

Class 08 - Mathematics
1. Length of a cuboidal reservoir = 7 m
Breadth of a cuboidal reservoir = 6 m
Height of a cuboidal reservoir = 15 m
Capacity of cuboidal reservoir = l × b × h =7 × 6 × 15 = 630 m3
If 8400 L of water is pumped out.
In meter cubic = = 8.4m
8400

1000
3

Fall in water level = 630 - 8.4= 621.6 m3

= 621.6 × 1000 [∵ 1m3 = 1000 L)
= 621600 L
2. We have given that,
Radius of metallic disc = 0.75 cm
Thickness of disc = 0.2 cm i.e. h = 0.2 cm
The total volume of material which will be used in forming by melting of disc = 50868 cm3
∴ Material required for one disc = Volume of cylinder [∵ the shape of a disc is a cylinder]

2
= πr h
22
= × 0.75 × 0.75 × 0.2
7

= 3.14 × 0.75 × 0.75 × 0.2

= 0.35325 cm3
Total volume of metal obtained after melting
Number of discs can be melted = Volume of one disc
50868
=
0.35325

= 1440 discs
3. Surface area of the figure = TSA of upper block + TSA of lower block - area of contacted part
Surface area of the figure = 2 [3 × 1 + 1 × 1 + 3 × 1] + 2 [4 × 1 + 1 × 1 + 4 × 1] - [1 × 1 + 1 × 1]
= 2 [3 + 1 + 3] + 2[4 + 1 + 4 ] - [1 + 1]
= 2 [7] + 2 [9] - [2]
= 14 + 18 - 2
= 32 - 2
= 30 cm2
4. Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2π rh
Total surface area of a cylinder = 2π r(r+h)
The ratio between the curved surface area and the total surface area of a cylinder is 1 : 2
1 2πrh
∴ =
2 2πr(r+h)

1 h
⇒ =
2 (r+h)

⇒ 2h = (r + h)

⇒ 2h − h = r ⇒ h = r

∴
Ratio of height and radius = 1:1.
5. A total surface area of the first cuboid= 2(lb + bh + lh)
= 2 (6 × 4 + 4 × 2 + 2 × 6)
= 2 (24 + 8 + 12)
= 88 cm2
Total surface area of the second cuboid
= 2 (4 × 4 + 4 × 10 + 10 × 4)
= 2(16 + 40 + 40)
= 192 cm2

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Math's with joni sir
 6. Volume of one box = 0.8 m3
Volume of godown = 60m × 40m × 30m= 72000 m3
V olume of thegodown
Number of boxes that can be stored in the godown =
V olume of one box

60×40×30
= 0.8
= 90,000
Hence the number of cuboidal boxes that can be stored in the godown is 90,000.
7. As we know that the volume of the cube is equal to the side cube.
So the volume V1 of the bigger cube is (5)3 = 125 cm3

Now we cut a 1 cm cube from the 5 cm cube so the volume (V2) of the smaller cube = (1)3 = 1 cm3.
Now let there are (n) such possible cubes.
So n times the volume of a smaller cube is equal to the volume of a bigger cube.
⇒ nV2 = V1

⇒ n × 1 = 125
⇒ n = 125

So there are 125 such cubes possible.

Now, the surface area of the bigger cube is (S. A) 1 = 6(5)
2
cm
2

And the surface area of the smaller cube is (S.A)2 = 6(1)2 = 6 cm2

So the surface area of 125 smaller cubes =(S.A)3 = 125 × 6 cm2

So the ratio of the surface area of the larger cube to that of the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cubes is
2
(S.A) 6(5)
1 25 1
= = =
(S.A) 125×6 125 5
3

So this is the required ratio.

8. Dimensions of the rectangular base tank are 80 cm × 70 cm
Height of rectangle base tank = 45 cm
Each side of square base tank = 60 cm
Let h be the height of the square base tank.
Volume of rectangular base tank = Volume of a square base tank
⇒ 80 × 70 × 45 = 60 × 60 × h [∵ volume of the tank = volume of cuboid = l × b × h]
80×70×45
⇒ = h
60×60

∴ h = 70 cm
Hence, water in the second tank will be 70 cm deep.
9. Total volume of concrete = 7.8 m3 Width of the platform = 5 m
Height of the platform = 2 m
Let the length of the platform = xm
According to the question, Volume of concrete = Volume used to make platform 7.8 m3
=5×2×x
⇒ 7.8 = 10x [∵ volume = length × breadth × height]

⇒ 10x = 7.8
⇒ x = 0.78 m

Hence, the length of the platform is 0.78 m

10. Let the height of the box be h.
Volume of the box = 13400 cm2
Area of base of the box = 670 cm2
∵ Volume of a box = Area of base × Height

∴ 13400 = 670 × h
13400
⇒ h =
670
1340
⇒ h = = 20cm
67

Hence, the height of the box is 20 cm

11. In figure A, 2 pipes each having a radius of 8 cm.
∵ Area of a circle = πr 2

∴ Area of one pipe =

22
× 8 × 8
7

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Math's with joni sir
 = 22×8×8

7
=
22×64

7
cm
2

Area of 2 pipes = 2×1408

7
=
2816

7
cm
2
= 402.28 cm2
figure B, a pipe having radius of 15 cm.
∴ Area of the pipe = πr
2

= 22

7
× 15 × 15 = × 225
22

7
4950
= 7
= 707.14cm
2

Clearly, the surface area of pipe B is greater. So, pipe B fill the swimming pool faster.
12. For milk tank
r = 1.5 m
h=7m
∴ Capacity = πr h
2

22
= × 1.5 × 1.5 × 7
7
22 15 15
= × × × 7
7 10 10

= 49.5 m3
= 49.5 × 1000 L . . . . [∵ 1 m3 = 1000 L ]
= 49500 L
Hence, the quantity of milk that can be stored in the tank is 49500 litres.
13. Total surface area= 6(length)2
486 = 6(side)2
(Side)2= 486/6
(Side)2 = 81cm
Side =9cm
Volume =(side)3
Volume = (9)3
Volume = 729 cm3
14. Radius of cylindrical tank = 154 cm
Initial height of water tank = 3m = 3 × 100 cm [∵ 1 m = 100 cm]
∴ Volume of water = πr h =
2 22
× 154 × 154 × 3 × 100
7

= 22360800 cm2
If height of water 4.5 m is poured into it, then volume of water
22
= 7
× 154 × 154 × 4.5 × 100

= 33541200 cm3
Increase in volume = 33541200 - 22360800
= 11180400 cm3
= 11180.4 L [1000 cm3 = 1L]
= 11.1804 kL [1 kL = 1000 L]
15. Total surface area of a cuboid = Lateral surface area + 2 × area of base.
And Lateral surface area = Perimeter of base × height = 20 × 6 = 120 cm2
Total surface area of a cuboid = 120 cm2 + 2 × 20 = 160 cm2
16. The ratio of the radius and height of a cylinder = 2 : 3
Let the radius of the cylinder be 2x and the height of the cylinder be 3x.
Volume of the cylinder = 12936 cm3
Volume of a cylinder = πr h 2

22 2
∴ 12936 = × (2x) × 3x
7
22 2
⇒ 12936 = × 4x × 3x
7
264 3
⇒ 12936 = x
7

3 12936×7
⇒ x = = 49 × 7
264

3 3
⇒ x = 7 × 7 × 7 = (7)

3 3
⇒ x = (7)

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Math's with joni sir
 ∴ x=7
So, radius = 2x = 2 × 7 = 14 cm and height = 3x = 3 × 7 = 21 cm
The total surface area of the cylinder = 2π r(r + h)
22
=2× 7
× 14(14 + 21)

= 3080 cm2
44×14
= 7
× 35 = 44 × 14 × 5

17. The thickness of the hollow metallic cylinder is 2 cm.

Height of the cylinder = 70 cm
Outer radius of the cylinder = 14 cm
Inner radius of the cylinder = 14 - 2 = 12 cm

Volume of the metal used in making the cylinder = Volume of the hollow cylinder
= π (R − r ) × h
2 2

= 22

7
× [(14) − (12)
2 2
] × 70

= 22 × [196 - 144] × 10 = 22 × 52 × 10
= 11440 cm3
Weight of 11440 cm3, if metal is 8 g per cm3 = 11440 × 8 = 91520 g
18. The base of the cuboid is in the form of a rectangle.
Area of base = length × breadth
180 cm2 = length × breadth
Volume = length × breadth × height
900 = 180 × height
Height = 900\180
Height = 5cm
19. Let the sides of a square paper be a.

A cylinder is formed by rolling the paper along its side.

∴ Base of the cylinder is circle, so the circumference of the circle is equal to the length of each side of the square sheet.
⇒ 2πr = a [∵ circumference of circle = 2π r]
a
∴ r =
2π

∴ Ratio = 2π
a
: a=
1

2π
: 1 = 1 : 2π

Hence, the ratio of the base radius to the side of the square is 1 : 2π
20. The length of the aquarium = l = 80 cm
Width of the aquarium = b = 30 cm
Height of the aquarium = h = 40 cm
Area of the base = l × b = 80 × 30 = 2400 cm2
Area of the side face = b × h = 30 × 40 = 1200 cm2

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Math's with joni sir
 Area of the back face = l × h = 80 × 40 = 3200 cm2
Required area = Area of the base + area of the back face + (2 × area of a side face)
= 2400 + 3200 + (2 × 1200) = 8000 cm2
21. Here l = 10 cm, w = 8 cm and h = 7 cm
Using formula LSA = 2h(l + w)
= 2 × 7(10 + 8)
= 14(18) = 252 cm2
22. We have,
Area of the given figure = Area of ΔEFH + Area of rectangle EDCI + Area of trapezium FHJG + Area of trapezium ICBK + Area
of ΔGJA + Area of ΔKBA
Now, Area of ΔEF H = × Base × Height
1

2
1
= 2
× 40 × 80

2
= 1600m

Area of rectangle EDCI = Length × Breadth = 100 × 160

= 16000 m2
Area of trapezium, FHJG = 1

2
× [ Sum of parallel sides ] × Height

1
= × [40 + 160] × 160
2
200
= × 160
2

= 100 × 160

= 16000m2
Area of trapezium, ICBK = 1

2
× [ Sum of parallel sides ] × Height

1
= × [60 + 100] × 120
2
1
= × 160 × 120
2

= 80 × 120

2
= 9600m

Area of ΔAJG = 1

2
× Base × Height

1
= × 160 × 100
2

= 80 × 100
= 8000 m2
Area of ΔK BA = 1

2
× Base × Height

1
= 2
× 60 × 60

= 1800m2
Therefore, the area of the complete figure = 1600 + 16000 + 16000 + 9600 + 8000 + 1800
= 53000 m2
23. Let the length of the room = l = 12 m
Width of the room = b = 8 m
Height of the room = h = 4 m
Area of the four walls of the room = Perimeter of the base × Height of the room
= 2 (l + b) × h = 2 (12 + 8) × 4
= 2 × 20 × 4 = 160 m2
Cost of white washing per m2 = ₹5
Hence, the total cost of white washing four walls of the room = ₹ (160 × 5) = ₹800
Area of ceiling = 12 × 8 = 96 m2
Cost of white washing the ceiling = ₹(96 × 5) = ₹480
So, the total cost of white washing = ₹(800 + 480) = ₹1280
24. i. First Cuboidal Box
l = 60 cm
b = 40 cm
h = 50 cm
∴ Total surface area

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Math's with joni sir
 = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
= 2 (60 × 40 + 40 × 50 + 50 × 60)
= 2 (2400 + 2000 + 3000)
= 2 (7400)
= 14800 cm2
ii. Second Cuboidal Box
l = 50 cm
b = 50 cm
h = 50 cm
∴ Total surface area

= 2 (lb + bh + hl)
= 2 (50 × 50 + 50 × 50 + 50 × 50)
= 2 (2500 + 2500 + 2500)
= 2 (7500)
= 15000 cm2
Hence, the box (a) requires the least amount of material to make.
25. To find the total surface area, we draw the figure as given below.

∴ Upper surface area

= 18 × 3 + 8 × 18 + 5 × 18
= 54 + 144 + 90
= 288 cm2
Lower surface area = Upper surface area = 288 cm2
Now, Surface area of those faces which are flat from right
= 18 × 18 + 2 × 18 + 3 × 18
= 324 + 36+ 54
= 414 cm2
Also, surface area of that face which are flat from left
= 414 cm2
Now, Surface area of front surface
= 18 × 5 + 2 × 8 + 8 × 18 + 3 × 2 + 3 × 18 + 3 × 3
= 90 + 16 + 144 + 6 + 54 + 9
= 319 cm2
Similarly, Surface area of the back face = 319 cm2
∴ Total surface area

= 288 + 288 + 414 + 414 + 319 + 319

= 2042 cm2
26. We have,
External dimensions of a closed wooden box are in the ratio 5 : 4 : 3.
Let the external dimensions of the closed wooden box be 5x, 4x and 3x.
The cost of painting = Rs. 5 per dm2
The total cost of painting = Rs. 11750
Total cost of painting
∴ Total surface area = 2
cost of painting per dm

11750
=
5

= 2350 cm2

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Math's with joni sir
 Total surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
= 2(5x × 4x + 4x × 3x + 3x × 5x)
=2(20x2 + 12x2 + 15x2)
= 2 × 47x2 = 94x2
Since, total surface area = 2350 dm2
2
⇒ 94 x = 2350

2 2350
⇒ x =
94 = 25
∴ x=5
Therefore, dimensions of the box are 5 × 5 = 25 dm,
4 × 5 = 20 dm
and 3 × 5 = 15 dm
27. Jyoti's diagram
(15+30)
Area of the park = 2 × [ 2
×
15

2
]

675
=
2

= 337.5 m2
Kavita's diagram
Area of the park = 15 × 15 m2 + m2
15×(30−15)

= 225 m2 + 225

2
m2
= 225 m2 + 112.5 m2
= 337.5 m2
Another way of finding the area

15×(30−15)
Area of the park = 2
2
m + 2 × [
15×15

2
2
]m

= 112.5 m2 + 225 m2
= 337.5 m2
28. length of paper = height of cylinder = 10cm
Circumference of its base = 22cm
2π(r) = 22
22
2r =
π
22 7
r = ×
2 22

r = 3.5cm
Volume of cylinder = π(radius) 2
(height)
22
= × 3.5 × 3.5 × 10
7

= 770

= 385cm3
29. i. For first cylinder:
r = 14 cm
h = 8 cm
∴ Total surface area of the cylinder

= 2πr(r + h)
22
= 2 × × 14 × (14 + 8)
7

= 2 × 44 × (22)

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Math's with joni sir
 = 88 × 2

= 1936 cm2
ii. For second cylinder:
2
r = m = 1m
2

h=2m
∴ Total surface area of the cylinder

= 2πr(r + h)
22
= 2 × × 1 × (1 + 2)
7
132 2
= m .
7

30. For a cylindrical container

Diameter of the base = 14 cm
∴ Radius of the base (r) =
14
cm
2

= 7 cm
Height (h) = 20 cm
∴ Curved surface area of the container = 2πrh
22
= 2 × × 7 × 20
7

= 880 cm 2
∴ The surface area of the label

22
= 880cm2 − 2 (2 × × 7 × 2) cm2
7

= 880 cm2 – 176 cm2

= 704 cm2
Hence, the surface area of the label is 704 cm2.
Or
Diameter of the base = 14 cm
∴ Radius of the base (r) =
14
cm
2

= 7 cm
Height (h) = (20 – 2× 2) = 16 cm
surface area of the label = 2πrh
22
= 2 × × 7 × 16
7

= 704 cm2
31. We have, (x3 + x2 - 132x ) ÷ x(x - 11)
2
3 2

(x3 + x2 - 132x ) ÷ x(x - 11) =

x(x + x − 132)
x + x − 132x
=
x(x − 11) x(x − 11)

2
x + 12x − 11x − 132
= x − 11

x(x + 12) − 11(x + 12)

= x − 11

(x + 12)(x − 11)
= x − 11

= x + 12
32. We have, 21pqr = 7 × 3 × p × q × r
-7p2q2r2 = -7 × p × p × q × q × r × r
49p2qr = 7 × 7 × p × p × q × r
The greatest common factor of the terms 21pqr, -7p2q2r2 and 49p2qr = 7pqr
33. x4 – (y + z)4
= (x2)2 – {(y + z)2}2. . . . [Using Identity III
= {x2 – (y + z)2} {x2 + (y + z)2}. . . . [Using Identity III
= (x – y – z) (x + y + z) {x2 + (y + z)2}
2
y
34. We have, 9x 2
+ 2xy +
9
2 2

[∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]

y y y
= (3x) 2
+ 2 ⋅ 3x ⋅
3
+ (
3
) = (3x +
3
)

y y
= (3x + ) (3x + )
3 3

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Math's with joni sir
35. We have, (3x2 - 48) ÷ (x - 4)
2 2

(3x2 - 48) ÷ (x - 4) =
3(x − 16)
3x − 48
=
x − 4 x − 4
2 2
3(x − 4 )

= x − 4

[∵ a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)]
3(x + 4)(x − 4)
= x − 4

= 3(x + 4)
36. 5x2y - 15xy2 = 5 × x × x × y - 5 × 3 × x × y × y
Taking common factors from each term,
= 5 × x × y(x - 3y)
= 5xy(x - 3y)
37. -4a2 + 4ab - 4ca = (-1) × 2 × 2 × a × a + 2 × 2 × a × b - 2 × 2 × c × a
Taking common factors from each term,
= 2 × 2 × a(-a + b - c)
= 4a(-a + b - c)
38. We have, 9x2 + 24x + 16
= (3x)2 + 2 × 3x × 4 + (4)2
= (3x + 4)2 [∵a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]
= (3x + 4)(3x + 4)
39. We have, p2 + 14p + 13
= p2 + 13p + p + 13 × 1[using middle term splitting]
= p(p + 13) + 1(p + 13)
= (p + 13)(p + 1)
2

40. We have, 9y 2
− 4xy +
4x

9
2

= (3y) 2
− 2 ⋅ 3y ⋅
2

3
x + (
2

3
x)

= (3y − 2

3
x) [∵a2 - 2ab + b2 = (a - b)2 ]

= (3y − 2x

3
) (3y −
2x

3
)

41. We have, a2b + a2c + ab + ac + b2c + c2b, it can be factorise as

a2b + a2c + ab + ac + b2c + c2b = (a2b + ab + b2c) + (a2c + ac + c2b)
= b(a2 + a + bc) + c (a2 + a + bc)
= (a2 + a + bc) (b + c)
42. 16x5 – 144x3
= 16x3(x2 – 9)
= 16x3{(x)2 – (3)2}
= 16x3 (x – 3) (x + 3)
43. We have given that a3 - 4a2 + 12 - 3a
= a2(a - 4) - 3a + 12
= a2(a - 4) - 3 (a - 4)
= (a - 4) (a2 - 3) [by using identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) ]
– –
= (a − 4)(a + √3)(a − √3)

44. Using identity, a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2,

x2 + 8x + 16
= x2 + 2 (x) (4) + 42
= (x + 4)2
= (x + 4)(x + 4)
This is the required factorisation.
45. 10ab + 4a + 5b + 2
= 2a (5b + 2) + 1 (5b + 2)

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 = (5b + 2) (2a + 1)
46. z(5z2 – 80)
= z[(5 × z2) – (5 × 16)]
= z × 5 × (z2 – 16)
= 5z(z + 4)(z – 4) [using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)]

Thus, z(5z2 – 80) ÷ 5z(z + 4)

5z(z−4)(z+4)
= = (z – 4)
5z(z+4)

47. (x3 + 2x2 + 3x) ÷ 2x

3 2
x +2x +3x
=
2x
2
x( x +2x+3)
=
2x
2
= x +2x+3

48. At first Factorising 15 (y + 3) (y2 - 16),

we get 5 × 3 × (y + 3)(y − 4)(y + 4)
Now on factorising 5 (y2 - y - 12), we get 5 (y2 - 4y + 3y - 12)
= 5[y(y − 4) + 3(y − 4)]
= 5 × (y − 4)(y + 3)
2
15(y+3)(y −16)
Therefore, on dividing the first expression by the second expression, we get 2
5(y −y−12)

5×3×(y+3)(y−4)(y+4)
=
5×(y−4)(y+3)

= 3(y + 4)
49. We have, (-qrxy + pryz - rxyz) ÷ (-xyz)
−qrxy + pryz − rxyz
(-qrxy + pryz - rxyz) ÷ (-xyz) = −xyz

−qrxy pryz rxyz

= −xyz
+
−xyz
−
−xyz
qr pr
= z
−
x
+ r

50. We have, (x3y3 + x2y3 - xy4 + xy) ÷ xy

3 3 2 3 4

(x3y3 + x2y3 - xy4 + xy) ÷ xy =

x y + x y − xy + xy

xy
3 3 2 3 4
x y x y xy xy
= xy
+
xy
−
xy
+
xy
x × x × x × y × y × y x × x × y × y × y x × y × y × y × y x × y
= x × y
+
x × y
−
x × y
+
x × y

= x2y2 + xy2 - y3 + 1
51. 5pq (p2 – q2) ÷ 2p (p + q)
2 2
5pq( p − q )
=
2p(p+q)

5pq(p+q)(p−q)
= . . . . [Using Identity III]
2p(p+q)

5q(p−q)
=
2

52. (y2 + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)

2
y +7y+10
=
y+5
2
y +2y+5y+10
=
y+5
. . . .[Using Identity IV
y(y+2)+5(y+2)
=
y+5

(y+2)(y+5)
=
y+5

=y+2
53. 24 (x2yz + xy2z + xyz2)
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × [(x × x × y × z) + (x × y × y × z) + (x × y × z × z)]
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × x × y × z × (x + y + z) [By taking out the common factor]
= 8 × 3 × xyz × (x + y + z)
Now, 24(x2yz + xy2z + xyz2) ÷ 8xyz

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 8×3×xyz×(x+y+z)
= 8×xyz
= 3 × (x + y + z) = 3(x + y + z)

Alternately, 24(x2yz + xy2z + xyz2) ÷ 8xyz

2 2 2
24x yz 24x y z 24xyz
= + +
8xyz 8xyz 8xyz

= 3x + 3y + 3z = 3(x + y + z)
54. (p3q6 – p6q3) ÷ p3q3
3 6 6 3
p q −p q
=
3 3
p q

3 3 3 3
p q (q −p )
=
3 3
p q

= q3 – p3
55. We know that, m4 = (m2)2
and 256 = (16)2
Therefore, m4 - 256 = (m2)2 - (16)2
= (m2 + 16)(m2 - 16)[using identity a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)]
= (m2 + 16)(m2 - 42)
= (m2 + 16)(m + 4)(m - 4)[again, using identity a2 - b2 = (a + b)(a - b)]
56. p4 – 81
= (p2)2 – (9)2
= (p2 – 9) (p2 + 9) . . . . [Using Identity III
= {(p)2 – (3)2} (p2 + 9)
= (p – 3) (p + 3) (p2 + 9). . . . [Using Identity III
57. 8(x3y2z2 + x2y3z2 + x2y2z3) ÷ 4x2y2z2
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
8( x y z +x y z +x y z )
=
4x2 y 2 z 2

2 2 2
8x y z (x+y+z)
=
2 2 2
4x y z

= 2(x + y + z)
58. x4 – (x – z)4
= (x2)2 – {(x – z)2}2. . . . [Using Identity III
= {x2 – (x – z)2} {x2 + (x – z)2} . . . . [Applying Identity III
= (x – x + z) (x + x – z) {x2 + (x – z)2}
= z(2x – z) {x2 + (x – z)2}
= z(2x – z) (x2 + x2 – 2xz + z2). . . . [Using Identity II
= z (2x – z) (2x2 – 2xz + z2)
59. a4 – 2a2b2 + b4
= (a2)2 – 2(a2) (b2)+ (b2)2
= (a2 – b2)2 . . . . [Using Identity II
= {(a – b) (a + b)2}. . . . [Using Identity III
= (a – b)2 (a + b)2.
60. 96abc (3a – 12) (5b – 30) ÷ 144 (a – 4) (b – 6)
96abc(3a−12)(5b−30)
=
144(a−b)(b−6)

96abc×3(a−4)×5(b−6)
=
144(a−4)(b−6)

= 10abc
61. The given expression is 2x2 + 5x + 3
Here, coefficient of x2 = 2, coefficient of x = 5 and constant term = 3
We shall now split up the coefficient of the middle term i.e. 5 into two parts such that their sum is 5 and product equal to the
product of coefficient of x2 and constant term i.e. 2 × 3 = 6. Clearly 2 + 3 = 5 and 2 × 3 = 6. So, we replace the middle term 5x by
2x + 3x

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 Thus we have
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 2x2 + 2x + 3x + 3
= (2x2 + 2x) + (3x + 3)
= 2x(x + 1) + 3(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(2x + 3)
62. 12xy (9x2 – 16y2) ÷ 4xy (3x + 4y)
2 2
12xy(9x −16y )
=
4xy(3x+4y)

2 2
3(9x −16y )
=
3x+4y
2 2
3{(3x) −(4y )}
=
3x+4y

3(3x+4y)(3x−4y)
=
3x+4y

= 3(3x – 4y)
63. 25a2 – 4b2 + 28bc – 49c2
= 25a2 – (4b2 – 28bc + 49c2)
= 25a2 – {(2b)2 – 2(2b) (7c) + (7c)2}
= (5a)2 – (2b – 7c)2. . . . [Using Identity II
= {5a – (2b – 7c)} {5a + (2b – 7c)}
= (5a – 2b + 7c) (5a + 2b – 7c)
64. We have
3m2 + 24m + 36
= 3(m2 + 8m + 12) [Making coefficient of m2 as 1]
2

= 3{m2 + 8m + 42 – 42 + 12 [Adding & subtracting ( 8

2
)
2
= 4

= 3{m2 + 2 × m × 4 + 42 – 4}
=3{(m + 4)2 - 22}
= 3 {(m + 4 – 2 }{(m + 4) + 2}
= 3(m + 4 - 2)(m + 4 + 2)
= 3 (m + 2) (m + 6)
65. (m2 – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
2
m −14m−32
=
m+2
2
m −16m+2m−32
=
m+2
. . . . [Using Identity IV
m(m−16)+2(m−16)
=
m+2

m(m−16)(m+2)
=
m+2

= m – 16
66. 39y3 (50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
3 2
39y (50y −98)
=
2
26y (5y+7)

3 2
39y ×2×(25y −49)
=
2
26y (5y+7)

3 2 2
39y ×2×{(5y) − (7) }
=
2
26y (5y+7)

3
39y ×2×(5y+7)(5y−7)
= . . . . [Using Identity III
26y 2 (5y−7)

= 3y (5y – 7)
67. In order to factorize x2 + 5x – 36, we have to find two numbers p and q
Such that p + q = 5 and pq = – 36
Clearly, 9 + (–4) = 5 and 9 × –4 = –36
So we write the middle term 5x of x2 + 5x – 36 as 9x – 4x
∴ x2 + 5x – 36 = x2 + 9x – 4x – 36
= (x2 + 9x) – (4x + 36)

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 = x(x + 9) – 4(x + 9)
= (x + 9)(x – 4)
68. The given expression is 12x2 – 23xy +10y2
Here, coefficient of x2 = 12, coefficient of x = - 23y, and constant term = 10y2.
Thus we have 12x2 – 23xy + 10y2 = 12x2 – 15xy – 8xy +10y2
= 3x(4x – 5y) – 2y(4x– 5y)
= (4x – 5y )(3x – 2y)
69. x4 – y4 = (x2)2 – (y2)2
= (x2 – y2)(x2 + y2) Using a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
= (x – y)(x + y)(x2 + y2) Using a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
70. The given expression is 6x2 – 13x +6
Here coefficient of x2 = 6, coefficient of x = - 13 and constant term = 6
So we write the middle term – 13x as – 4x, – 9x
Thus we have,
6x2 – 13x + 6 = 6x2 – 4x – 9x + 6
= 2x(3x – 2) – 3 (3x -2)
= (3x – 2)(2x – 3)

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