ADOLESCENCE
Group 10
ADOLESCENCE
A stage in human development that coincides with
puberty and the phase of life between childhood and
adulthood from ages 10 to 19. It is the transitional
phase of growth and development between childhood
and adulthood. This is when the body changes,
leading to reproductive maturity.
PUBERTY CHANGES
It is the growth of hormones condition gradual
increases in body size and weight. Hormones flooding
during adolescence causes an acceleration known as
growth spurts and All the muscular and skeletal
dimensions appear to take part in the growth spurts
during the adolescence stage.
FACTORS AFFECTING
DEVELOPMENT
1. HORMONES
The Power and highly specialized
chemical substances that interact
with bodily cells.
SECRETION OF GONADOTROPIC
HORMONES
The anterior primary at the base
of the brain near the geometric
center of the head.
GONADS
which are the ovaries for the female and
the testis for the male are then
stimulated by the gonadotropic
hormones, which cause TESTOSTERONE
in the male sex organ and ESTROGEN in
the female ovary.
2. THE SECULAR TREND
This is the time when there is a rapid
physical maturation ascribed to varied
factors such as
-Interaction of genetic and environmental
influences
-Improve healthcare and Living conditions
-Control infectious diseases.
3. SEXUAL IDENTITY
The time when they are concerned about
their body image sexual attractiveness
how to do sex and the future of their
sexual lives.
4. SELF-ESTEEM
A major aspect of identity formation and
defined as one thoughts and feelings
about one's self-concept and identity.
5. IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILD CARE,
EDUCATION AND PARENTING
This level tells the higher the degree of
parental involvement, the higher the impact
on the child's academic.To meet the physical
development of adolescents parents need to
be aware of manifestations of behavioral
patterns that require closer communication,
guidance, and support.
6. ADOLESCENTS AND
NUTRITION
Body changes during Adolescents it affect
an individual's nutritional and dietary
needs so it is necessary for adolescents
to have sufficient amounts of vitamins:
B12, calcium, zinc, iron, riboflavin, and
Vitamin D.
7. BODY IMAGE AND THE
ADOLESCENT
Consciousness about the body image. It is
important in the adolescent period
because it is when they feel confident
about how they look.
THREE STAGES OF
ADOLESCENCE
1.EARLY ADOLESCENCE
2. MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE
3. LATE ADOLESCENCE
EARLY-EARLY ADOLESCENCE
(AGES 10 TO 13)
They usually start a year or two
earlier in girls than boys, and it
can be normal for some changes
to start as early as age 8 for
females and age 9 for males.
Many girls may start their period
at around age 12, on average 2-3
years after the onset of breast
development.
MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE
(14-17 YRS OLD)
Middle adolescence begins at the age of
14, when kids are continuing to develop
physically, cognitively, and emotionally.
Most males will have started their
growth spurt, and puberty-related
changes continue. They may have some
voice cracking, for example, as their
voices lower. Some develop acne.
Physical changes may be nearly
complete for females, and most girls
now have regular.
LATE ADOLESCENCE
(18-21 YRS OLD)
Late adolescents generally have
completed physical development and
grown to their full adult height. They
usually have more impulse control by
now and may be better able to gauge
risks and rewards accurately.
This stage is characterized by a clear
sexual identity, interest in more
serious and intimate relationships,
and a higher regard for parents.
CHARACTERISTIC OF ADOLESCENCE
1. RAPID GROWTH AND BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
2. APPEARANCE CONSCIOUSNESS
3. SEXUAL ATTRACTION
4. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
5. CAREER CONSCIOUSNESS
6. EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS
7. FLIGHT ON IMAGINATION
RAPID GROWTH AND
BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
Adolescents have many physical and
emotional changes during this time. Boys
experience growth spurts, voice changes,
and enlarging testicles. Girls experience
the development of breasts and the start
of their menstrual cycles.
APPEARANCE
CONSCIOUSNESS
Adolescents start to pay attention to their
appearance and spend more time
preparing themselves for the day than
before. How others see them starts to
become very important to their inner
identity.
SEXUAL ATTRACTION
Adolescents start to notice others and
desire to have romantic relationships. The
ability to make decisions and recognize
their inner desires and preferences takes
place during adolescence.
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Psychologist, Jean Piaget, identified
adolescence as a time of rapid cognitive
growth and development. Boys and girls
both develop the ability to think abstractly
and make reasonable decisions.
CAREER
CONSCIOUSNESS
The maturity of making logical
connections about life and a future
career takes place during adolescence.
Boys and girls start understanding the
preferences they have about a career
and what they want to do with their adult
lives.
EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS
Hyperthyroidism is common in
adolescence. Hyperthyroidism is the
excessive production of the thyroid gland.
This can make the adolescent impatient,
short-tempered, and rash. They have the
cognitive ability to make sound decisions
but lack the patience and rationale to do
so.
FLIGHT ON IMAGINATION
An adolescent has an active imagination
and can be seen as a daydreamer. They
often set high, unattainable goals for
themselves without realizing the
impracticability of those goals.
PIAGET'S FORMAL
OPERATIONAL THINKER
Piaget formulated the theory of
formal operational thinking
which demonstrates how the
cognitive capacity of an
adolescent allows him/her to go
beyond the sensible and
concrete to dwell on what is
abstract hypothetically possible.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL THINKING
CONSISTS IN:
1. PREPOSITIONAL THINKING
Making assertions outside visual evidence,
and stating what may be possible in things
not seen by the eyes.
Example: Object is red or green, big or small,
flat or round
FORMAL OPERATIONAL THINKING
CONSISTS IN:
2. RELATIVISTIC THINKING
Subjectively making an opinion on facts involving
one's own biased prejudice of distortion of facts
which may be either right or wrong.
Example: Arguing for or against the superiority of
the races whether white brown, yellow, or black.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL THINKING
CONSISTS IN:
3. REAL VERSUS POSSIBLE
Examining a situation and exploring the
possible in terms of situations or solutions.
SIEGLER'S INFORMATION
PROCESSING SKILLS
In information processing
theories Robert Siegler views
the influence of environmental
thinking. He observes the quality
of information in the adolescent
process that influences him/her
in facing the task at hand
through strategies or rules.
METACOGNITION
Among the cognitive advances in adolescence
is metacognition which is the ability to identify
one's own thinking process and strategies
inclusive of perception memory, understanding
application and logical reasoning.
OVERACHIEVEMENT
During adolescence, he/she can achieve very high
academic grades. The case of overachievers is a
reminder that the Intelligence Quotient test is not the
only determinant of school achievement. Overall, they
show more responsibility, consciousness, and planning
compared with "normal" achievers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
OVERACHIEVERS
1. Positive self-value (self-esteem, confidence,
optimism);
2. Openness to authority (responsive to expectations
of parents and teachers);
3. Positive interpersonal relations (responsive and
sensitive to the feelings of others)
4. Less conflict on the issue of self-autonomy (feels
freedom to
make right choices, initiates and leads activities)
5. Academic orientation (disciplined work habits, high
motivation
UNDERACHIEVEMENT
Adolescents may perform below the standard
set. possible potential do not cope with the
opportunity to learn and score in, the top
quarter of measured academic ability.
WITDRAWN UNDERACHIEVERS
Refers to those who have a more pronounced
tendency to be passive resulting in being
submissive and docile.
AGGRESSIVE UNDER
ACHIEVERS
These are those who tend to be talkative,
disruptive, and rebellious.
BEHAVIOR AND
ADOLESCENT COGNITIVE
GROWTH
EGOCENTRISM
This is the adolescent tendency to think too
much of themselves, while being too sensitive
to social acceptance of their appearance,
actions, feelings ideas, etc. Teens feel they
are being watched like an actor on stage.
IDEALISM
This refers to imagining a far-fetched
and less ideal situation at home, in
school, and in society.
INCREASE ARGUMENTATIVENESS
Teens enjoy learning the use of
dynamics including roleplay, discussion,
debate and drama.
IMPLICATIONS TO
ADOLESCENT CARE,
EDUCATION, AND PARENTING
Teachers must be able to recognize the cognitive
paths among adolescents and create situations that
will foster the development higher thinking skills
through:
A. Activities at her house teenage children for
suggestions on family matters-- house physical
arrangements, things to buy, places to go to for
family outings, etc.
B. Allowing more independence e.g. use of
school allowances, choice on what to wear, etc.
C. Activities in school that allow participation,
such as projects, field trips, joint internet
research, etc., and
D. Develop reading skills through magazine
articles and internet blogs.
DEVELOPING
OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS
It is a skill that we can learned or a natural ability
to accomplish a particular task. A theorist John
Holland has identified basic personality factors
that match attitude and work preferences:
1. Realistic - This personality type prefers practical
tasks, including those requiring physical labor and
motor coordination, and less of interpersonal skills
(e.g. carpentry, driving, etc.).
2. Investigative - This prefers tasks that are
conceptual such as in the fields of science and
technology as chemists, scientists, technologists,
etc.
3. Conventional - This prefers structured tasks that
cater to the needs of others, such as in office jobs
and manual labor
4. Enterprising - This prefers independence
and innovation in business and other
enterprises that reflect autonomy and
personal initiative.
5. Artists prefer unstructured tasks that
show the ability for self - expression such
as from artists, musicians, and performers.
ADOLESCENT ATTITUDE
AND ABILITIES
Early Adolescents may show abilities for gainful
work later on becoming self-support in college;
These attitudes and abilities demonstrate;
1. Self-reliance - working independently without
stress
2. Money management - not spending money on
luxuries, much: less on alcohol and drugs;
3. Social responsibility - cooperation and
respect for others including superiors;
4. Mature work orientation - pride in work and
quality of work;
5. Personal responsibility - assuming tasks
independently and competitively; and
6. Positive attitude to work - Work is seen as
a gainful and wholesome activity and not a
burden.
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