Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Unit 1: Introduction and syntax of python programming

Python is developed by Guido van Rossum. Guido van Rossum started implementing
Python in 1989.

Features of python –

Python is Interactive –

You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the interpreter directly to
write your programs.
Python is Object-Oriented –
Python supports object oriented language and concepts of classes and objects come into
existence.
Python is Interpreted
Python is an interpreted language i.e. interpreter executes the code line by line at a
time. This makes debugging easy and thus suitable for beginners.
Python is Platform Independent
Python can run equally on different platforms such as Windows, Linux, Unix and
Macintosh etc. So, we can say that Python is a portable language.
 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Python building blocks

Python Identifiers

Variable name is known as identifier.

The rules to name an identifier are given below.

o The first character of the variable must be an alphabet or underscore ( _ ).

o All the characters except the first character may be an alphabet of lower-case(a-z),
upper-case (A-Z), underscore or digit (0-9).
o Identifier name must not contain any white-space, or special character (!, @, #, %, ^,
&, *).
o Identifier name must not be similar to any keyword defined in the language.
o Identifier names are case sensitive for example my name, and MyName is not the
same.
o Examples of valid identifiers : a123, _n, n_9, etc.
o Examples of invalid identifiers: 1a, n%4, n 9, etc.

Assigning single value to multiple variables

Eg: x=y=z=50

Assigning multiple values to multiple variables:

 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Eg: a,b,c=5,10,15

Reserved Words
The following list shows the Python keywords. These are reserved words and cannot use
them as constant or variable or any other identifier names. All the Python keywords
contain lowercase letters only.

Indentation

Python provides no braces to indicate blocks of code for class and function definitions or
flow control. Blocks of code are denoted by line indentation, which is compulsory.

The number of spaces in the indentation is variable, but all statements within the block
must be indented the same amount. For example −

if True:
print "True"
else:
print "False"

Thus, in Python all the continuous lines indented with same number of spaces would form
a block.
 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Variable Types

Variables are used to store data, they take memory space based on the type of value we
assigning to them. Creating variables in Python is simple, you just have write the variable
name on the left side of = and the value on the right side.

Python Variable Example

num = 100
str = "BeginnersBook"
print(num)
print(str)

Multiple Assignment Examples

We can assign multiple variables in a single statement like this in Python.

x = y = z = 99
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Another example of multiple assignments

a, b, c = 5, 6, 7
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

Plus and concatenation operation on the variables

x = 10
y = 20
print(x + y)

p = "Hello"
q = "World"
print(p + " " + q)
 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

output:
30
Hello World

Comments

Use the hash (#) symbol to start writing a comment.

1. #This is a comment
2. #print out Hello
3. print('Hello')

Multi-line comments

use triple quotes, either ''' or """.

eg:
1. """This is also a
2. perfect example of
3. multi-line comments"""

Data Types

A data type defines the type of data, for example 123 is an integer data while “hello” is a
String type of data. The data types in Python are divided in two categories:
1. Immutable data types – Values cannot be changed.
2. Mutable data types – Values can be changed

Immutable data types in Python are:

1. Numbers
2. String
3. Tuple

Mutable data types in Python are:

1. List
2. Dictionaries
3. Sets

Python Environment Setup-Installation and Working Of IDE

 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Install Python on any operating system such as Windows, Mac OS X, Linux/Unix and others.

To install the Python on your operating system, go to this

link: https://www.python.org/downloads/. You will see a screen like this.

1. On Windows 7 and earlier, IDLE is easy to start—it‘s always present after a Python
install, and has an entry in the Start button menu for Python in Windows 7 and earlier.

2. Select it by right-clicking on a Python program icon, and launch it by clicking on the icon
for the files idle.pyw or idle.py located in the idlelib subdirectory of Python‘s Lib directory.
In this mode, IDLE is a clickable Python script that lives in C:\Python3.6\..

Running Simple Python Scripts To Display ‘Welcome’ Message

 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Python data types : numbers ,string, tuples, lists, dictionary.

Python Data Types

1 Python Data Type – Numeric

2 Python Data Type – String
3 Python Data Type – List
4 Python Data Type – Tuple
5 Dictionary

Declaration and use of data types

Python Data Type – Numeric

Python numeric data type is used to hold numeric values like;

 int – holds signed integers of non-limited length.

 long- holds long integers(exists in Python 2.x, deprecated in Python 3.x).
 float- holds floating precision numbers and it’s accurate upto 15 decimal places.
 complex- holds complex numbers.
 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Python Data Type – String

The string is a sequence of characters. Python supports Unicode characters. Generally,

strings are represented by either single or double quotes.
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Python Data Type – List

List is an ordered sequence of some data written using square brackets ([]) and commas (,).
 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Python Data Type – Tuple

Tuple is another data type which is a sequence of data similar to list. But it is immutable.
That means data in a tuple is write protected. Data in a tuple is written using parenthesis
and commas.
 Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.

Dictionary

Python Dictionary is an unordered sequence of data of key-value pair form. It is similar to

the hash table type. Dictionaries are written within curly braces in the form key: value.
Course Outcome (CO): Display message on screen using Python Script on IDE.