SCIENCE9 4TH Quarter Module 3

LESSON

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MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE
While listening to a sports event, you heard the sports’ commentator saying “Wow, that
team got the momentum, hope they can maintain it to ensure their win”. Indeed, momentum
is a common term in sports. This pertains to the team or individual effort to strike an action
to ensure advantage over the other team. In Physics term, momentum is defined as the
product between mass and velocity, or it can be simplified as “mass in motion." To identify
the amount of momentum a moving object possess, there are two variables that needs to be
considered, its mass and its velocity. The equation for momentum is abbreviated like this:
Variable Unit
���⃗= m × 𝑣𝑣⃗
𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝⃗ = momentum kg·m/sec
m = mass kg
𝑣𝑣⃗ = velocity m/sec
From this equation you can see that both the velocity of the object and the mass of an object
have an equal impact on the amount of momentum. Momentum is directly proportional to
mass and is also directly proportional to velocity. Thus, object with more mass has more
momentum and an object with more velocity has also more momentum.

Sample Problem: Which has more momentum, a truck with a mass of 3000 kg moving at 50
m/s or a car with a mass of 1200 kg moving at the same velocity?

Truck Car
p=mxv p=mxv
= 3 000 kg x 50 m/s = 1 200 kg x 50 m/s
= 150,000 kg•m/s = 60,000 kg•m/s

Collisions and the Conservation of Momentum

This law describes what happens to momentum when two objects collide. In all forms of
collision, momentum is conserved. The law of conservation of momentum states that: When
two objects in an isolated system collide, the total momentum of the objects before the
collision is equal to the total momentum of the objects after the collision. An isolated system
is one on which the net force from the external force is equal to zero.
Mathematically, the law can be written as: ���⃗ 𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑓 where ���⃗
𝑝𝑝𝚤𝚤 = ����⃗ 𝑝𝑝𝚤𝚤 is the momentum before collision,
𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑓 is the momentum after collision. The given formula states that the momentum of two
and ����⃗
striking bodies before and after collision remains the same.
If there are two objects involved in the collision, the equation can be expanded as:

Conservation of Momentum
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

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SCIENCE-GRADE 9
Sample Problem: A 81 kg boater initially at rest, steps out from a stationary 50 kg boat onto
the dock. If the boater moves with a velocity of 3.0 m/s to the right, what is the final velocity
of the boat?
Solve for v2f = ?
m1v1f + m2v2f = 0
(81 kg) (3.0 m/s) + (50 kg)( v2f) = 0
243 kg m/s + (50kg)(v2f) = 0 [transpose 50 to the right]
243 kg m/s = - 50kg (v2f) [divide both side to -50]
-50 kg = - 50kg

v2f = -4.86 m/s to the left

Types of Collision
Collision is a result when two objects exchange impulse and momentum. It is the event
in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in about a relatively short time. There
are three types of collisions namely:

Elastic Collision
An elastic collision is one where there is no net loss in kinetic energy in the system as the
result of the collision, hence the total kinetic energy of the system remains the same. In an
elastic collision the objects separate after the collision.

Sample Problem: A 0.015kg red marble ball is moving to the right at 0.225m/s makes an
elastic head-on collision with a 0.030kg blue marble moving to the left at 0.180m/s. after the
collision, the smaller marble moves to the left at 0.315 m/s. What is the velocity of the 0.030
kg marble after the collision?
Given:
m1= 0.015 kg red ball m2 = 0.030 kg blue ball v1i = 0.225 m/s ( right)
v2i = -0.180 m/s (left) v1f = - 0.315 m/s v2f = ?

m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

Elastic Collision
V2f = m1v1i + m2v2i =_m1v1f
m2
= (0.015kg)(0.225m/s)+(.030 kg)( -0.180 m/s)-(0.015kg)(-0.315ms)
0.030 kg
= 0.09 m/s to the right

Partially Inelastic Collision

This type of collision involves objects which separate after they collide, but which are
deformed in some ways due to the physical interaction. An inelastic collision is a type of
collision where this is a loss of kinetic energy, therefore the total kinetic energy of the system
does not remain the same. The lost kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy, sound
energy, and material deformation. In an inelastic collision the objects stick together after the
collision.

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SCIENCE-GRADE 9
Perfectly Inelastic Collision

In a perfectly inelastic collision, the two objects crash into each other, but they do not bounce
apart. Momentum is still conserved but the equation has changed because the two objects
are stuck together after collision.
Sample Problem: A 1850kg luxury car stopped at a traffic light is struck from the rear by a
compact car with a mass of 975kg. The two cars became entangled. If the compact car was
moving at a velocity of 25m/s to the north before the collision, what is the velocity of the
stucked masses after the collision?

m1= 1850 kg luxury car m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f

m2 = 975 kg compact car Perfectly Inelastic Collision
v1i = 0 m/s m1v1i + m2 V2i = (m1 + m2) v2f
v2i = 0 m/s masses stay together
v1f =25.0 m/s Vf = m1v1i + m2v2i
v2f = ? m1 + m2
= (1850 kg) (0m/s) + (975 kg) ( 25.0 m/s)
2825 kg
= 8.63 m/s, North

Difference between Elastic and Inelastic Collision

Elastic Collision Inelastic Collision

Before: Before:

During: During:

After:

After:

The two objects separate after collision.

The two objects stick together after the
object with higher velocity. collision and follow the direction of the object
with higher velocity.
Kinetic energy is conserved. Kinetic energy is not conserved.
MOMENTUM IS ALWAYS CONSERVED. 3
SCIENCE-GRADE 9
 NOTE: PLEASE SUBMIT THIS PAGE ONLY! SCIE. 9 Q4 ASSESSMENT NO. 3

NAME: ____________________________________________________________SCORE: ______________

GRADE/SECTION: _______ DATE: ______ TEACHER: MR. JEROME L. HIZON

Problem Solving:
1. A head-on collision is experienced by two identical balls of 0.35 kg mass. The first ball is
initially travelling at 2.5 m/s, while the second ball is initially at rest. After the collision, the
two objects separate. Answer the questions below.
a. Solve for the momentum of the first ball before the collision.

b. Calculate the total momentum after the collision.

c. Determine the velocity of each ball after the collision.

2. Enjoying the summer in their barrio, Xian and Zoe decided to play slide in a sloppy area
near their house. Xian has a mass of 30kg, and he is sliding down the hill at a velocity of
5m/s. His friend Zoe whose mass is 35kg is sliding at a slower rate with a velocity of 3m/s.
Xian bumps and crashes to his friend Zoe. They stick together after the collision and keep
sliding down the hill as one unit. Answer the given questions below.
a. What type of collision took place?

b. Solve for final velocity of the combined unit.

3. A car and a truck are moving with the same velocity. Which of the two is more difficult to
slow down? Why?
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4. Two cars move at different velocities. Car A moves at a speed of 90 km/hr. while Car B
moves at a speed of 75 km/hr. If both cars collided with a wall made up of the same
material, which of the two cars will create greater impact of collision if both cars have the
same masses? Explain your answer.
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5. Explain the importance of seatbelts and airbags to ensure safety while on travel.
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