Mohammed Faizer Abdul Azeez

CL/HNDCOM/80/45

Assignment Cover Sheet

Qualification Module Number and Title

HND in computing and Software Engineering SEC4205/Database Design Development
Student Name & No. Assessor
Mohammed Faizer Abdul Azeez Upeka Wijesinghe
(CL/HNDCOM/80/45)
Hand out date Submission Date

2017-11-24 2018-01-30
Assessment type Duration/Length of Weighting of Assessment
Reports 5000 Words Assessment Type 100%
One Month

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully
acknowledged.

Marks Awarded
First assessor

IV marks

Agreed grade

Signature of the assessor Date

FEEDBACK FORM
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY

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Module/Title: Database Design and Development /Design a Database Management System for a
Library
Student:
Assessor: Upeka Wijesinghe
Assignment:

Strong features of your work:

Areas for improvement:

Marks Awarded:

<Assessment Type>

Learning outcomes covered

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LO1. Understand the database concepts and components

LO2 Develop a logical database design.
LO3 Implement a physical database for a given requirement
LO4 Test and document databases

Scenario and the Task

The Institute of PG Technology has the biggest library in New Plymouth. Currently it has
about 200 members. Currently all the functions of the library are done manually. They have
plan to expand the library by adding new sections so now management has planned to
automate the library management system, in order to provide its members better services to
reduce the work load of the staff.
Assume that you are the database engineer of Creative Vision information technology (IT)
services, company providing IT solutions worldwide. Now they are developing automated
library system for a PG Technology. As a data base engineer your responsibility is to design
and implement a robust Database System for above mentioned library.
Library has different units such as computing, management, English etc. There are number of
books under different categories. There are number of book copies for one book (book title).
Any person who joins PG Technology can become a member buy paying member fee.
After doing the fact finding part development team has identified that below mentioned
information’s to be stored in the system.
Author’s information such as author id, first name last name, contact information, and
publishers information Pub id, Name, Street, City. Unit is identified by unit id, unit
description is stored in the system. Category id and name, Book title should contains Call
number, Title, Price, and Availability (y or n) as its attributes. Member should have Member
id, Name, City, Member type, Member date (date of membership), Expiry date. Member can
borrow book copy issue date and return date should be mentioned for specific member.
Member can reserve book title request date and ref number is mentioned for that member.
Book copy contains access id and edition

Students can add any functionality which will enhance the system and make the proposed
solution more comprehensive.

Use Harvard referencing to properly acknowledge all the external sources you use.

Tasks:

Design the database with the constraint that the available technology is relational.

1. Explain what is data model, Critically compare different data models and explain why
older data models are being replaced by new data models.(LO1) (10 Marks)

2. Critically explain the benefits and limitations of different database technologies

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. (LO1) (5 Marks)
3. Analyze and briefly explain the different approaches to database design. (LO1) (5
Marks)

4. Draw an entity relationship diagram for given scenario with proper standards. Identify
important keys and represent different types of attributes and relationships. (LO2) (10
Marks)

5. Draw Relational Schemas. Effectively map conceptual data models with relational
database schema according to the mapping algorithm. All the steps should be clearly
mentioned. (LO2) (10 Marks)

6. Create the database using SQL server. (LO3) (10 Marks)

7. Write 10 sql queries for given requirements using SELECT Statements.( LO3) (5 Marks)

8. Generate the suitable management reports for database by using graphical format. (LO3)
(5 Marks)

9. Explain the purpose and benefits of having queries in the database for a company decision
making process with the examples .(LO3) (10 Marks)

10. Provide the Test plan, test strategy and proper test cases and provide all the test
documents. (LO4) (10 Marks)

11. Create the user manual for the database. (LO4) (5 Marks)

12. Explain how verification and validation has addressed in your data base and the access
rights to various types of users. (LO4) (5 Marks)

13. Provide a well-structured documentation including proper academic style and

Referencing and in-text citation using Harvard Referencing System.(10 Marks)

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Assessment Criteria

This submission will be assessed as follows Depth of the task

TASK 1 Compare Hierarchical , Network

and Relational data model and the
importance of adapting a new
data model

TASK 2 Compare different database

technologies SQL server, Oracle,
MySQL

TASK 3 Top down design method,

Bottom-up design method,
Centralized design and De
centralized design
TASK 4 ERD with cardinality and
attributes with proper standard
symbols
(Proper theories and techniques
need to apply in ERD)
. Use Chen & Martin notations
for ERD
TASK 5 Relational Schema for ERD state
the primary key foreign key
concept correctly
(Proper theories and techniques
need to apply in Relational
schema)

TASK 6 Create Database using SQL

server
TASK 7 Produce SQL queries for
manipulation functions
TASK 8 Produce Management Reports
with
Quarries which assist managers
in making decision and
using MS SQL Report builder
tool
TASK 9 Clearly explain the purpose and
benefits of having queries in the
database
TASK 10 Correct Test plan and test cases
with all test documents
TASK 11 User-friendly descriptive user

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manual
(Logical flow of contents in the
document, descriptive user
manual.)

TASK 12 Clearly explain the applied

verification and validation
process in the data base and
explain the Object permission,
Statement permission and
Implied permission Statements

TASK 13 Well-structured Documentation

with proper formatting styles and
Harvard Referencing System is
used for Referencing and in-text
citation.

This submission will be assessed as follows Total marks Marks obtained by

Allocated the student for the
answer provided
TASK 1 10

TASK 2 5
TASK 3 5
TASK 4 10
TASK 5 10
TASK 6 10
TASK 7 5
TASK 8 5
TASK 9 10
TASK 10 10
TASK 11 5
TASK 12 5
TASK 13 10
Total Marks 100

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Guidelines for the report format

Paper A4
Margins 1.5” left, 1” right, top and bottom
Page numbers – bottom, right
Line spacing 1.5
Font
Headings 14pt, Bold
Normal 12pt
Font face- Times New Roman
Referencing and in-text citation should be done strictly using Harvard Referencing System.

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Marking Scheme

Task-1 contains 10 marks

Marks
Criteria
Out of 10
Fail
Not explained the data model. Not compared enough data
models .Not given proper reasons for the replacement. 0-4

Pass
Explained the data model. Compared minimum 3 data models. Not
4-6
provided enough/Proper reasons to replace the older data models

Good
Explained the data model. Compared minimum 5 data models. 6-7
Provided proper reasons to replace the older data models
Excellent
Well explained about the data model. Critically compared different
7-10
5 data models. Well explained why the older data models are being
replaced by new data models

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Task-2 contains 5 marks

Marks
Criteria
Out of 5
Fail
Provided a poor explanation. Not provided the enough examples 0-1

Pass
Provided a brief explanation of different database technologies 1-3

Average Design/ Good

Provided a brief explanation of different database technologies 3-4

with the evaluation also.

Excellent Design
Critically explained the benefits and limitations of different
database technologies with proper examples 4-5

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Task-3 contains 5 marks

Marks
Criteria
Out of 5
Fail
Not analyse properly the different approaches. Not explain the
0-1
different approaches

Pass
Analysed the different approaches. Not provided the proper
1-3
explanation.

Average / Good
Analysed the different approaches using enough features. Provided
3-4
the proper explanation with examples

Excellent Design
Well Analyzed and briefly explained the different approaches to 4-5
database design with proper examples and figures also.

Task-4 contains 10 marks

Diagram should be evaluated according to the following criteria.

Marks
Criteria
Out of 10
Fail
Poor logical database design.
 Include incorrect Entities
 Include incorrect Attributes and Relationships 0-4
 Not used proper /standard symbols

Pass
Develop a logical database design.
Entity Relationship Diagram
4-6
 Identification of correct Entities
 Identification of correct Attributes and Relationships

Average Design/ Good 6-7

 Clear identification of Entities, Attributes and

Relationships
 Correct use of ERD notations with minor mistakes

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Excellent Design
 Highly detailed diagram
 Backed by relevant assumptions
 ERD with cardinality and attributes with proper
standard symbols
 Proper theories and techniques need to apply in
7-10

ERD
 Use Chen & Martin notations for ERD

Task-5 contains 10 marks

Marks
Criteria
Out of 10
Fail
In correct Relational Schema
 Not identified the correct Entities Attributes and 0-4
Relationships

Pass
Relational Schema
 Identification of correct Entities 4-6
 Identification of correct Attributes and Relationships

Average Design/Good

 Clear identification of Entities, Attributes and

Relationships 6-7
 Correct use of Relational Schema notations with
minor mistakes

Excellent Design
 Relational Schema with proper standard symbols

 Proper theories and techniques need to

apply in Relational schema

7-10
 Relational Schema for ERD state the primary key

foreign key concept correctly

Task-6 contains 10 marks

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Criteria Marks
Out of 10
Excellent 7-10
 Appropriate use of more sophisticated database features (e.g.
use of stored procedures / functions / triggers to implement
business rules)
 Database design being proposed to facilitate requirements
 Provided the relevant assumptions
Good 6-7
 Make a good attempt to follow the Relational Database
Model including proper database objects
 Provide More accurate database design

Pass 4-6
 Provide a Basic Database Design with minor mistakes
including enough database objects (simple design)

Fail 0-4
 Provide a poor Database Design with mistakes
 Not work with enough database objects

Task-7 contains 5 marks

Written SQL Queries (1 mark for each query 3×1 -> 3)

 Provided the correct SQL queries

Appropriate Data with proper records (2 marks)

 Derive test data for the Database

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Task-8 contains 5 marks

Criteria Marks
Out of 5
Excellent 4-5
Produce the Professional standard
Management Reports with
Quarries which assist managers in
making decision and
using MS SQL Report builder tool with
screen shots
Good 3-4
High standard of Management Reports
with
Quarries with screen shots
Pass 1-3
Acceptable standard of Management
Reports with Queries
Fail 0-1
Not provide Management Reports with
proper criteria.
Not provide enough reports

Task-9 contains 10 marks

Criteria Marks
Out of 10
Excellent 7-10
 Detailed Explanation of having queries in Database
 Well-structured proper queries to facilitate the requirements
 Provided the relevant Examples
Good 6-7
 Well explained the purpose and benefits,
 Provided the examples

Pass Level 4-6

 Provide Basic Explanation with the examples including
minor mistakes

0-4
Fail

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 Provide incorrect queries

 Not provide enough examples

Task-10 contains 10 marks

Criteria Marks
Out of 10
Excellent 7-10
 Detailed Test Plan
 Provided the Test Strategy and Proper test cases
 Provided all the test documents with proper test
data
Good 6-7
 Provided Correct Test Plan and Test Cases
with enough test data

Pass Level 4-6

 Provided Correct test documents with minor
mistakes with enough test data

Fail 0-4
 Not provide the proper test documents , Not
provide enough test data

Task-11 contains 5 marks

Criteria Marks
Out of 5
Excellent 4-5

 Provided Descriptive User Friendly User

Manual with proper print screens
 Followed the Logical Flow of the contents in
the document

Good 3-4

 Provided the detailed Complete User Manual

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Pass 1-3

Provided the Correct User Manual ,Not

include explanations /proper instructions
Fail
 Not provide a proper user manual as a technical
document
0-1

Task-12 contains 5 marks

Criteria Marks
Out of 5
Excellent 4-5
Provided and well explained the applied
verification and validation process with the relevant
examples ,

Detailed Explanation of Access rights with Suitable

Examples for Object permission, Statement
permission and Implied permission Statements
Good 3-4
Provided the explanation of verification and
validation process with the relevant examples

Provided the Explanation of Access rights with

Suitable Examples
Pass 1-3
Provided the process of Verification and Validation
Process only.

Provided the Access Rights only for the Database

without the description and examples
Fail 0-1
Not provide the process of Verification and
Validation properly and not provide examples to
show the Access Rights only for the Database

Task -13 contains 10 marks

Criteria Marks
Out of 10
Excellent 7-10
Professional standard of documentation
with screen shots & good explanation

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Harvard Referencing System is used

for Referencing and in-text citation.

Good 6-7

High standard of documentation with

screen shots & average explanations
Pass 4-6

Acceptable standard of documentation

with poor explanations
Fail 0-4

Not followed a proper academic style ,

Not provided the referencing /provided in
correct citation.

Submission Guidelines
 Submission format Report
 Paper Size: A4
 Words: 3000 words
 Printing Margins: LHS; RHS: 1 Inch
 Binding Margin: ½ Inch
 Header and Footer: 1 Inch
 Basic Font Size: 12
 Line Spacing: 1.5
 Font Style: Times New Roman
 Referencing should be done strictly using Harvard system

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Contents
Data Models.........................................................................................................................19
What is a data model?......................................................................................................19
Types of data models...........................................................................................................19
Relational model..............................................................................................................19
Hierarchical model...........................................................................................................19
Network model.................................................................................................................20
Object oriented database model.......................................................................................20
Object relational model....................................................................................................20
Entity Relationship model................................................................................................20
Task 02.....................................................................................................................................21
What is a database and Database Management Systems (DBMS)?....................................21
Benefits of My SQL.........................................................................................................21
Limitations of My SQL....................................................................................................21
Benefits of Microsoft SQL server....................................................................................21
Limitations of Microsoft SQL..........................................................................................21
Task 03.....................................................................................................................................22
Centralized design................................................................................................................22
Decentralized design............................................................................................................22
Task 04.....................................................................................................................................23
Entities..................................................................................................................................23
Attributes..............................................................................................................................24
Relationships........................................................................................................................24
Primary keys.........................................................................................................................24
Task 05.....................................................................................................................................25
TASK 06..................................................................................................................................27
Task 08.....................................................................................................................................32
Task 09.....................................................................................................................................36
Task 13.....................................................................................................................................37

..................................................................................................................................................37
Conclusion................................................................................................................................38

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References................................................................................................................................39

Figure 1 - ER diagram..............................................................................................................24
Figure 2....................................................................................................................................28
Figure 3....................................................................................................................................29
Figure 4....................................................................................................................................29
Figure 5....................................................................................................................................30
Figure 6....................................................................................................................................30
Figure 7....................................................................................................................................31
Figure 8....................................................................................................................................32
Figure 9....................................................................................................................................33
Figure 10..................................................................................................................................33
Figure 11..................................................................................................................................34
Figure 12..................................................................................................................................34
Figure 13..................................................................................................................................35
Figure 14..................................................................................................................................35
Figure 15..................................................................................................................................36
Figure 16..................................................................................................................................38

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Task 01

Data Models

What is a data model?

A data model is an abstract model that documents in order to achieve correct data
And which data used to develop application asper, specifically how data are stored
And process. Data model is the logical structure of database. Its describes the
Design of database to reflect entities, attributes, relationship among data,
Constrains etc.
Data models formally define data elements and relationships among data elements for a
domain of interest. Data model explicitly determines the meaning of data, which in this case
is known as structured data. Typical applications of data models include database models,
design of information systems, and enabling exchange of data. Usually data models are
specified in a data modeling language. A data model can be sometimes referred to as a data
structure, especially in the context of programming languages.

Types of data models.

Relational model

The most common model, the relational model sorts’ data into tables, also known as
relations, each of which consists of columns and rows. Each column lists an attribute of the
entity in question, such as price, zip code, or birth date. Together, the attributes in a relation
are called a domain. A particular attribute or combination of attributes is chosen as a primary
key that can be referred to in other tables, when it’s called a foreign key. Each row, also
called a tuple, includes data about a specific instance of the entity in question, such as a
particular employee. The model also accounts for the types of relationships between those
tables, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships.

Hierarchical model

The hierarchical model organizes data into a tree-like structure, where each record has a
single parent or root. Sibling records are sorted in a particular order. That order is used as the
physical order for storing the database. This model is good for describing many real-world
relationships.

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Network model

The network model builds on the hierarchical model by allowing many-to-many relationships
between linked records, implying multiple parent records. Based on mathematical set theory,
the model is constructed with sets of related records. Each set consists of one owner or parent
record and one or more member or child records. A record can be a member or child in
multiple sets, allowing this model to convey complex relationships.

Object oriented database model

This model defines a database as a collection of objects, or reusable software elements, with
associated features and methods. There are several kinds of object-oriented databases:
A multimedia database incorporates media, such as images, that could not be stored in a
relational database.
A hypertext database allows any object to link to any other object. It’s useful for organizing
lots of disparate data, but it’s not ideal for numerical analysis.
The object-oriented database model is the best known post-relational database model, since it
incorporates tables, but isn’t limited to tables. Such models are also known as hybrid database
models.

Object relational model

This hybrid database model combines the simplicity of the relational model with some of the
advanced functionality of the object-oriented database model. In essence, it allows designers
to incorporate objects into the familiar table structure.

Entity Relationship model

This model captures the relationships between real-world entities much like the network
model, but it isn’t as directly tied to the physical structure of the database. Instead, it’s often
used for designing a database conceptually.
Here, the people, places, and things about which data points are stored are referred to as
entities, each of which has certain attributes that together make up their domain. The
cardinality, or relationships between entities, are mapped as well.

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Task 02

What is a database and Database Management Systems (DBMS)?

A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be simply accessed,

managed and updated. Data is organized into rows, columns and tables, and it is indexed to
make it easier to find relevant information. Data gets updated, expanded and deleted as new
information is added. Databases process workloads to create and update themselves, querying
the data they contain and running applications against it.

Benefits of My SQL

High performance.
The flexibility of open source.
Reduced total cost of ownership.

Limitations of My SQL

My SQL does not support a very larger database size very efficiently.
Transactions are not handled very efficiently.

Benefits of Microsoft SQL server

It is the most secure of the any of the major database platforms.

Includes SQL Server management studio utility to manage, backup, restore
And move the database files. Maintenance plans and backups can be easily
Configured.

Limitations of Microsoft SQL

Price – For small businesses, the price of MS SQL Server is too high because
It made to support millions of records across an enterprise.
Hardware – Newer releases of the application require more advanced
Technologies to support the resources needed by the database which also
Requires. NET framework to be also installed into the machine.

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Task 03

There are two approaches for developing any database, the top – down method and
The bottom – up method. While these approaches appear radically different, they
Share the common goal of uniting a system by describing all of the interaction
Between the processes.

Bottom Up Approach - This approach builds relations on the basis of the relationships
existing among individual attributes. This is not so commonly used as collecting a large
number of attributes initially can be a very complex task. This approach is also known as
Design by Synthesis.

Top Down Approach - This approach is known as Design by Analysis as it begins with
certain relations and then after some analysis, various rules and methods are applied until all
the desirable properties are met.

Centralized design

Database Management System supports different types of database system for data
organization. Distributed and Centralized database approaches are the systems which are use
for data organization. Decentralization and Parallel are other approach for data organization.

Decentralized design

A single logical database that is spread physically across computers in multiple

Locations that are connected by a data communications link. Users access the data
In a distributed database by accessing the WAN. To keep a decentralized database
Up to date, it uses the replication and duplication processes. Depending on the
Number of decentralized databases, this process could become very complex and
Time consuming.

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Task 04

Figure 1 - ER diagram

Entities
 Publisher
 Author
 Book
 Book copy
 Unit
 Categories
 Member

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 Member Borrow
 Member Reserve

Attributes
 Publisher – name, publisher ID, city, street
 Author – First name, last name, author ID, phone no.
 Book – book title, book price, book ID.
 Book copy – access ID.
 Unit – Unit description, unit ID.
 Categories – Category name, category ID.
 Member – Name, member ID, member type, expiry date, address.
 Member Borrow – book title, ref. no, request date, issued date, return date.

Relationships
 Author and Publisher – One to One
 Categories and Book – Many to One
 Member and Book – One to Many
 Book and Book Copy – Many to Many
 Member And Member Borrow – Many to Many
 Unit and Categories – Many to Many

Primary keys
 Publisher – Publisher ID
 Author – Author ID
 Book – Book ID
 Unit – Unit ID
 Categories – Category ID
 Member – Member ID

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Task 05

A relational schema is the tables, Columns and relationships that form up a

Relational database. The ER diagram of the library database system is reborn to
Relational schema consistent with its mapping rule.

Step1: Mapping of regular entities

Publisher Name Publisher ID City Street

Author First Name Last Name Author ID Phone No.
Book Book Title Book Price Book ID
Unit Unit Unit ID
Description
Categories Category Category ID
Name
Member Name Member ID Member Type Expiry date Address

Step2: Mapping of weak entities

books copy Access ID

Step3: Mapping of 1:1Relationship

Member Name Member ID Member Expiry Address

Type date

Books copy Access

Id

Step4: Mapping of 1:M relationship

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Category
Category ID name

Book Book Title Book Price Book ID

Step5: Mapping of M:M relationship

Unit ID Unit ID Unit Description

Category
Category ID name

Step6: Mapping of multi valued and composite attributes

Cannot be applied as such attributes are not present in the ER diagram.

Step7: Mapping of N-array relationships

Author Author ID First name Last name Phone NO

Publisher Publisher Id Street City Name

Book Book Book Book ID

Title Price

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TASK 06

create table PG_MEMBER

(
MemberID varchar(10),
MemberType char (20),
ExpiryDate varchar (25),
Name char (30),
town char (20),
CONSTRAINT MemberID_PK PRIMARY KEY (MemberID),
)

insert into PG_MEMBER values('zc0001','CEO','28/04/2017','Jake','Nelson ')

insert into PG_MEMBER values('zc00022','Manager','12/08/2017','Anny','Aukland')
insert into PG_MEMBER values('zc0003','Accountant','14/01/2018','Bolt','Hastings')
insert into PG_MEMBER values('zc0004','Finance','20/10/2017','Usain','dunedin')

select * from PG_MEMBER

drop table PG_MEMBER

Figure 2

create table PG_Book_Copy (

AccessID varchar (10),)

insert into PG_Book_Copy values ('BC0001')

insert into PG_Book_Copy values ('BC0002')
insert into PG_Book_Copy values ('BC0003')

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insert into PG_Book_Copy values ('BC0004')

select * from PG_Book_COPY

drop table PG_Book_Copy

Figure 3

create table PG_Publisher (

PublisherID varchar (10),
City char (20),
Name char (50),
PRIMARY KEY(PublisherID),)

Insert into PG_Publisher values('PB0001','Napier','joes')

Insert into PG_Publisher values('PB0002','makabe','peter')
Insert into PG_Publisher values('PB0003','aukland','weley')
Insert into PG_Publisher values('PB0004','Hamilton','thomas')
Insert into PG_Publisher values('PB0005','wellington','trinity')

select * from PG_Publisher

drop table PG_Publisher

Figure 4

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Create table Units (

UnitID varchar (15),
UnitDescription char (50),
primary key(UnitID),
)

insert into Units values('Un0001','ZCPG_01')

insert into Units values('Un0002','HCPG_02')
insert into Units values('Un0003','TCPG_03')

select * from Units

drop table Units

Figure 5

create table PG_Categories (

CategoryID varchar (10),
CategoryName char (50),
PRIMARY KEY(CategoryID),
)

insert into PG_Categories values ('CID0001','it')

insert into PG_Categories values ('CID0002','bio')
insert into PG_Categories values ('CID0003','engineering')
insert into PG_Categories values ('CID0004','qs')

select * from PG_Categories

drop table PG_Categories

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Figure 6

create table PG_Author (

AuthorID varchar (10),
Name char (50),
Contact int,
PRIMARY KEY (AuthorID),
)

insert into PG_Author values('AT0001','gary', 091255524)

insert into PG_Author values('AT0002','thom', 5455)
insert into PG_Author values('AT0003','grey',00945445)
insert into PG_Author values('AT0004','swille',05564444)

select * from PG_Author

drop table PG_Author

Figure 7

create table P_Book (

Title char (50),
Price money,
BookID varchar (10),
PRIMARY KEY(Title)
)

insert into P_Book values ('Grammer','3500','G0001')

insert into P_Book values ('spoken English','1000','SE0001')

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insert into P_Book values ('Reading','3200','R0001')

select * from P_Book

drop table P_Book

Figure 8

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Task 08

Member

Figure 9

Access ID

Figure 10

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Publisher

Figure 11

Units

Figure 12

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Category

Figure 13

Author

Figure 14

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Title

Figure 15

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Task 09

What is the purpose of having queries in a database?

An info question is meant to retrieve specific results from an info. The question is developed
by the user following predefined formats. once exploring through the info, info pertinent to
the question is filtered out of the info assortment and reportable to the user.
Databases area unit wont to collect and store giant amounts of data. information is entered
into an information through tables or forms. Since the quantity of information terribly}
information is often very giant, queries area unit a feature that's necessary to form databases
usable. The results of a question are often displayed in a very report for presentation or
printing.

Benefits of using queries in company decision making process

Data Sharing Is Improved in The Organization
Improvement in Data Security
Effective Data Integration
Database Management Systems Minimize Data Inconsistency
Better Access to Data
Increase in Productivity of the End User
Quick Decision Making

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Task 13

Figure 16

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Conclusion

For this Assignment, I have gathered information from Internet and Books. In addition, I
convert all that information into my words to put in this. I mentioned the References and
picture figures for the requirements what I gathered. I have put my full effort to finish this
assignment, and it was a good experience to me. I am very Thankful to ICBT College and My
lecture Mrs. Upeka for giving me a good knowledge.

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References

Tutorial notes / ICBT

Tech target, available at: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/query

Accessed date [2018 – 01 -10]

Oba oracle, available at:

http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_object_top_down_bottom_up.htm
Accessed date [2017 – 12 -30]

Salesforce.com, available at :
https://www.salesforce.com/form/sem/sales_customer_data.jsp?
nc=70130000000NDsr&d=7010M000002MHWX&DCMP=KNC-Bing&s_kwcid=AL!4604!
10!11622332237!25487398330&ef_id=WkO1bQAAAGNW9R-l:20180130115626:s
Accessed date [2017 – 12 -22]

Tech target, available at http://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/data-

modeling
Accessed date [2017 – 12 -20]

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