Acitya: Journal of Teaching & Education, Vol. X No.

X 20xx,

Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education

Website: http://journals.umkt.ac.id/index.php/acitya
Research Papers, Review Papers, and Research Report
Kampus 1 UMKT Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No 15, Samarinda, Indonesia 75123

COHERENCE AND COHESION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS’ DESCRIPTIVE

PARAGRAPHS WRITTEN BY THE SEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP N 1
SEMARAPURA ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

Name First Author (Without Salutation )1,2, Name Second Author (Without Salutation )2
1,2
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur (Affiliation)
Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 15, Samarinda 75123, Indonesia
2
Muhammadiyah Open University (Affiliation)
Address, City ZIP Code, Country.
Corresponding email: [email protected] (use only one corresponding author)
Phone number (+62) 0123456789 (for correspondence only, will not be published)

ABSTRACT
The abstract should be clear, concise, and descriptive. This abstract should provide the objective
of research, a brief introduction to the problem, followed by a statement regarding the
methodology (types of research methods, instruments, analysis) and a brief summary of results
as well as the implication of the study. Abstracts are written in 12 pts Times New Roman and
preferably not more than 250 words. 1 (single) space.

Keywords: article, template, content, alphabetical order.

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 CC-BY International license
ISSN 2655-9722, DOI: 10.30650/ajte.vxix.xxxx

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
[Important!!!: the spacing is 1,5] In introduction, authors should state the objectives of
the work at the end of introduction section. Before the objective, authors should provide an
adequate background, and very short literature survey in order to record the existing
solutions/method, to show which is the best of previous researches, to show the main limitation
of the previous researches, to show what do you hope to achieve (to solve the limitation), and to

Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education Vol. x No. x 20xx [Do not edit footer/page] 1
show the scientific merit or novelties of the paper. Avoid a detailed literature survey or a
summary of the results.

1.2. Research questions

Based on the research background mentioned previously, the problem of this research can be
formulated as follows:
1. How is the coherence in the descriptive paragraph of seventh-grade students of SMP N 1
SEMARAPURA?
2. What types of cohesion are used by seventh-grade students of SMP N 1
SEMARAPURA?
1.3. Significance of the study
a. For the Teachers
The results of this study are expected to help teachers know more about the mistakes
made by students when writing descriptive paragraphs. this research can also be used as a
reference by teachers in analyzing descriptive paragraphs and providing correct knowledge about
coherence to the students.
b. For the Students
This research will provide benefits for students to increase students knowledge about
descriptive and coherence. As well as being a reference for students in making paragraphs.
c. For the Society
This research is expected to help all people who need the science of writing paragraphs.
With this research, people such as parents can know the level of understanding of their children
as long as they are taught at school. Other Klungkung societies can use the results of this study
as a reference in various ways, such as being a reference for writing a paragraph or a reference
regarding the level of understanding of students in writing paragraphs.
d. For the Future Research
This research is expected to provide information and references for other researchers who
are interested in conducting similar research. Research on coherence has previously been carried
out by many other researchers, but to be specific this research has several differences both in the
method of analyzing data and from the subject in this study. The results of this study can be used
as the first reference if other researchers want to recognize coherence in the Klungkung area with
different subjects because there are still many schools in Klungkung that are rarely used as
research subjects. Thus, this study is expected to help other researchers get detailed information
about coherence in their research in the future.

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2. METHOD
2.1. Research Design
The study design was mixed method, combining descriptive quantitative and qualitative
methodologies. In particular, the design employed was a convergent parallel mixed technique
since both quantitative and qualitative data were significant and converged to answer the two
study objectives.
Mixed method research incorporates quantitative and qualitative data in a single study
(Bergman, 2011). According to Hashemi and Babaii (Hashemi & Babaii, 2013), authentic mixed
methods research should incorporate both quantitative and qualitative data throughout the study
effort, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Tashakkori and Creswell
(Tashakkori & Creswell, 2007) define research as "research in which researchers collect and
analyze data, integrate their findings, and draw conclusions using both qualitative and
quantitative approaches in a single study or program of inquiry." This is the definition that we
find most helpful.
2.2. Samples/Participants
The subjects of this research are seventh-grade students of SMP N 1 SEMARAPURA in
the academic year 2023/2024; while the objects of this research were student paragraphs. Grade
seven was chosen as the research subject because based on the syllabus, learning paragraph
descriptive is given to grade seven students. In this case, this research used cluster sampling and
obtained class 7H consisting of 23 students for this research.
2.3. Instruments
The research instrument used was document analysis. The documents collected were in
the form of paragraphs. In the sense More specifically, the document analysis instrument used in
this study is a scoring rubric and table of frequency. The rubric was used by the two raters in
assessing the students' descriptive writing which will be used to answer research question
number one, which is "How is the coherence in the descriptive writing of seventh-grade students
of SMP N 1 Semarapura", then the table of frequency that has been made by the researcher is
used to record the frequency of the types of cohesion that exist in the students' writing such as
reference, substitution, and ellipsis. The use of this second instrument, namely the frequency
table, will be used to answer the second research question, which is "how do types of cohesion
exist in the descriptive writing of seventh-grade students of SMP N 1 Semarapura".
2.4. Data analysis
In this study, because it uses a mixed method approach, there are two data analyses,
namely quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis.

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3.FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Findings
Results should be clear and concise. The results should summarize (scientific) findings
rather than providing data in great detail (Ahmadjayadi, 2017). Please highlight differences
between your results or findings and the previous publications by other researchers.
Tables and Figures are presented center, as shown below and cited in the manuscript.

Table 1. Labor Regulations Subjects

Labor agreement Labor relationship Industrial Industrial relation of

(Article 1/14 Act (Article 1/15 Act relationship dispute
13/2003) 13/2003) (Article 1/15 Act (Article 1/15 Act 13/2003
13/2003) jo. Article 56 Act No.
2/2004)
1. Worker 1. Entrepreneur 1. Entrepreneur 1. Entrepreneur-worker
2. Entrepreneur 2. Worker 2. Worker 2. Entrepreneurs-
3. Employer 3. The government workers
3. Entrepreneur- trade
union
4. Entrepreneurs-trade
union
5. trade union-trade union

3.2. Discussion
The discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them.
A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and
discussion of published literature.
In discussion, it is the most important section of your article. Here you get the chance to
sell your data. Make the discussion corresponding to the results, but do not reiterate the results.
Often should begin with a brief summary of the main scientific findings (not experimental
results) (Handoko, 2014). The following components should be covered in discussion: How do
your results relate to the original question or objectives outlined in the Introduction section
(what)? Do you provide interpretation scientifically for each of your results or findings presented
(why)?(N. S. B. of Indonesia, 2000) Are your results consistent with what other investigators
have reported (what else)? Or are there any differences?
Writing using a separation section with numbers. The separation between Title, Sub-
Title, Sub-Title Children conducted by Using lowercase letters beginning with a capital letter,

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typed bold. 12pt Times New Roman, 1.5 space. Using Arabic numerals in the following
example(Salam, 2013):

4. CONCLUSIONS
4.1. Conclusion
Contains a description of the conclusions and suggestions that answer questions and
formulation of the problem with succinctly and clearly. Because, without a description of the
clear cover, reviewers are and the reader would find it difficult to give an assessment of your
article(G. of B. Indonesia, 2007)(Arofah, 2012) Do not repeat the Abstract, or simply describe
the results of research(G. of B. Indonesia, 2008). Give a clear explanation regarding the possible
application and / or suggestions related to the research findings(Multazam, 2010).

4.2. Suggestions
Contains a description of the conclusions and suggestions that answer questions and
formulation of the problem with succinctly and clearly. Because, without a description of the
clear cover, reviewers are and the reader would find it difficult to give an assessment of your
article(G. of B. Indonesia, 2007)(Arofah, 2012) Do not repeat the Abstract, or simply describe
the results of research(G. of B. Indonesia, 2008). Give a clear explanation regarding the possible
application and / or suggestions related to the research findings(Multazam, 2010).

Acknowledgments (if any)

Recognize those who helped in the research, especially funding supporter of your
research. Include individuals who have assisted you in your study: Advisors, Financial
supporters, or may other supporter i.e. Proofreaders, Typists, and Suppliers who may have given
materials.

REFERENCES
Use APA Style 7th edition. Reference manager such as Mendeley or EndNote are suggested

Abdee, R. Al. (2003). The Permissible Gharar (Risk) in Classical Islamic Jurisprudence. Journal
of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 16(2), 3–19.

Abdee, A. R. Al., & Aziz, A. (2003). The Permissible Gharar (Risk) in Classical Islamic
Jurisprudence. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 16(2), 3–19.

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Ahmadjayadi, C. (2003). Dampak Teknologi Komunikasi dan Informasi terhadap Kegiatan
Terorisme. Bandung: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional.

Arofah, L. (2012). Menafsirkan “Hubungan Perdata” dalam Uji Materi Pasal 43 ayat (1)
Undang-Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 di dalam Putusan MK No 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Retrieved
on January 30, 2019 from www.badilag.net/artikel/11266-menafsirkan

Brenner, R. (1990). Gambling and Speculation A Theory, a History, and a Future of some
Human Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Coulson, N. J. (1968). Islamic Law. In J. D. M. Derrett (Ed.), An Introduction to Legal Systems.

London: Sweet & Maxwell.

Handoko, D. (2014). Interview by Mochammad Tanzil Multazam. Kepala Seksi Penempatan

Tenaga Kerja pada Bidang Tenaga Kerja, Perluasan Kerja dan Transmigrasi Dinsosnaker
Kabupaten Sidoarjo: 15 Juni.

Nb.

1. References style referring to the American Psychological Association (APA)

2. Cite the main scientific publications on which your work is based.
3. Cite only items that you have read.
4. Do not inflate the manuscript with too many references.
5. Avoid excessive self‐citations.
6. Avoid excessive citations of publications from the same region.
7. Check each reference against the original source (authors name, volume, issue, year, DOI
Number).
8. Please use Reference Manager Applications like EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, etc.

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