A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Switching and types of Switching ”
SUBMITTED BY
Mst . Jejurkar Om Mst . Gawali Tanmay
Mst . Jangam Avadhut
Under Guidance of
Prof.M.B.Charmal

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
SANJIVANI K.B.P. POLYTECHNIC
KOPARGAO2022-N-423603, DIST: AHMEDNAGAR
Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s

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 SANJIVANI K.B.P. POLYTECHNIC
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that the Project Report Entitled
“Switching and types of Switching”
Submitted By
Mst . Jejurkar Om Mst . Gawali Tanmay
Mst . Jangam Avadhut
Under our supervision and guidance for partial fulfillment of
the requirement for
Diploma in Computer Technology affiliated to Maharashtra
State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
for Academic Year 2022-2023

MRS . M.B.Charmal MR.G N JORVEKAR

Project Guide HOD

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher

Mrs. M.B.Charmal ma'am sir who gave me the golden opportunity to
explore myself and improve my skills by performing this project .
Secondly,
I would like to thanks to our HOD of computer department Mr. G.
N. JORVEKAR for their kind help, guidance and motivation. I would also
like to express my gratitude to the Principal Dr. A.R.MIRIKAR For
providing us with all facility that were required. Last but not the least I
would like to thanks our friends and co-member who helped us in each
and every possible way.

Mst . Jejurkar Om(55)

Mst . Gawali Tanmay(39)
Mst . Jangam Avadhut(53)

Diploma in Computer Technology.

Sanjivani K.B.P Polytechnic
Kopargaon.

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 INDEX

SR. TITLE PAGE

NO NO

1. Introduction 5
2. What is Switching ? 6
3. Types of circuit Switching Techniques 7-11
3.1 Circuit Switching
• Advantages Circuit Switching
• Disadvatages Circuit Switching
3.2 Message Switching
• Advantages Circuit Switching
• Disadvatages Circuit Switching
3.3 Packet Switching
• Advantages Packet Switching
• Disadvatages Packet Switching

4. Difference Between Circuit Switching and Packet 12

Switching
5. Conclusion 13

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 INTRODUCTION

This section brings up Switches and MAC addresses and how they
work. Most people who only ever come in contact with smaller home
networks do not actually have to learn about what a switch is or how MAC
addresses work. The main reason is that almost any problem you could
encounter in a home network is located on other levels of the network
communication, often relating to IP addresses, routing, wireless or DNS.
The switching, on the other hand, is often completely transparent to the
user and doesn’t require any configuration in a normal home network.
But for somebody who wants to learn more about computer networks, the
information in this section is really one of the founding pillars of network
communication. In any given office network you rarely find more than
one or at most a couple of routers. You will however find switches all
over the office environment. Switches are how client devices such as
computers and printers are normally connected to a network. A router is
packed with functionality and as such will always come at a higher cost
per network interface compared to what a switch can offer. So if you want
to connect a lot of devices to your network then a switch would be the
best option.

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 What is Switching ?

Switching is the most valuable asset of computer networking. Every

time in computer network you access the internet or another computer
network outside your immediate location, or your messages are sent
through a maze of transmission media and connection devices. The
mechanism for exchange of information between different computer
networks and network segments is called switching in Networking. On
the other words we can say that any type signal or data element directing
or Switching toward a particular hardware address or hardware pieces.
Hardware devices that can be used for switching or transfering data from
one location to another that can use multiple layers of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model. Hardware devices that can used for
switching data in single location like collage lab is Hardware switch or
hub but if you want to transfer data between to different location or
remote location then we can use router or gatways.

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 Types of Switching Techniques

➢ Circuit Switching
Circuit-switching is the real-time connection-oriented system. In Circuit
Switching a dedicated channel (or circuit) is set up for a single connection
between the sender and recipient during the communication session. In
telephone communication system, the normal voice call is the example
of Circuit Switching. The telephone service provider maintain a
unbroken link for each telephone call.Circuit switching is pass through
three phases, that are circuit establishment, data transfer and circuit
disconnect

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Advantages-

Circuit switching has the following advantages-

• A well defined and dedicated path exists for the data to travel.
• There is no header overhead.

• There is no waiting time at any switch and the data is transmitted

without any delay.
• Data always reaches the other end in order.

• No re ordering is required.

Disadvantages-

Circuit switching has the following disadvantages-

• The channel is blocked for two ends only.
• It is inefficient in terms of utilization of system resources.

• The time required for establishing the circuit between the two ends
is too long.
• Dedicated channels require more bandwidth.

• It is more expensive than other switching techniques.

• Routing decisions can not be changed once the circuit is established.

➢ Message switching:-
Message Switching is a connectionless network switching approach in which the
complete message is routed from the sender node to the receiver node one hop at a
time. It was a forerunner to packet switching. Message switching served as an
adequate replacement for circuit switching before the development of packet
switching. The first applications of it were in data transmissions via telex networks
and paper tape relay systems. Although packet switching has completely supplanted
message switching, ad hoc sensor networks, military networks, and satellite
communications networks still use the technique.

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Advantages of Message Switching

• Message switching reduces network traffic congestion because it

can storemessages for which no communication channel is
available.
• Message broadcasting takes far less bandwidth than circuit
switching.
• Unlike circuit switching, it does not require the physical connection
of source and destination devices.
• It is possible to include priority in the messages because they are
transmitted using a store and forward approach.
• We can alter the size of the message sent across the network. As a
result, it handles any amount of data.

Disadvantages of Message Switching

• Since message length is unbounded, each switching node must have

enough storage to buffer messages.
• Message switching cannot be employed for real-time applications
since storing messages adds time to the process.
• The message switching method does not establish a dedicated path
between the devices. There is no direct relationship between the
sender node and the receiver node, hence communication is not
reliable.
• Message-switched networks are highly sluggish since processing
occurs in every node, resulting in poor performance.

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 ➢ Packet switching

Packet switching is a connectionless network switching technique. Here,

the message is divided and grouped into a number of units called packets
that are individually routed from the source to the destination. There is no
need to establish a dedicated circuit for communication.

Each packet in a packet switching technique has two parts: a header and
a payload. The header contains the addressing information of the packet
and is used by the intermediate routers to direct it towards its destination.
The payload carries the actual data.
A packet is transmitted as soon as it is available in a node, based upon its
header information. The packets of a message are not routed via the same
path. So, the packets in the message arrives in the destination out of order.
It is the responsibility of the destination to reorder the packets in order to
retrieve the original message.

Advantages

• Delay in delivery of packets is less, since packets are sent as

soon as they are available.
• Switching devices don’t require massive storage, since they
don’t have to store the entire messages before forwarding them
to the next node.

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 • Data delivery can continue even if some parts of the network
faces link failure. Packets can be routed via other paths.
• It allows simultaneous usage of the same channel by multiple
users.
• It ensures better bandwidth usage as a number of packets from
multiple sources can be transferred via the same link.

Disadvantages

• They are unsuitable for applications that cannot afford delays

in communication like high quality voice calls.
• Packet switching high installation costs.
• They require complex protocols for delivery.
• Network problems may introduce errors in packets, delay in
delivery of packets or loss of packets. If not properly handled,
this may lead to loss of critical information.

Difference between Circuit Switching and Message

Switching
The following table highlights the major differences between Circuit switching and Message
switching.

Key Circuit Switching Message Switching

Definition Circuit switching is a type of method where In Message switching, the source and
a dedicated network is implemented in destination nodes are not connected
which two network nodes establish a with each other. The data transfer is
dedicated communications channel done by the intermediate nodes.
(circuit) through that network before the
nodes may communicate.

Path and In Circuit switching, a dedicated path is In case of Message Switching, no such
Node established between the two nodes at dedicated path is established, as the
each end, i.e., sender and receiver, which path used in this switching consists of
several nodes between the sender and

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 Key Circuit Switching Message Switching

is entirely responsible for the transmission the receiver and each node is
of information. responsible for transferring the
message from one node to the next.

Message As there are only two nodes in case of In case of Message switching, each
storage Circuit switching, there is no requirement node acts as sender and receiver and
of storing the data at any node.Message stores the incoming information before
generated at the sender side gets sending it to the next node. This makes
transmitted to the receiver directly each node in this switching capable to
without getting stored or retransmitted in recover the data if gets lost due to any
the path through the node. reason.

Resend As the nodes do not save the data during In message switching, if the data gets
the transmission, there is no option to lost due to some reason, then the
resend it if the data gets lost due to some corresponding node could resend it as
reason until the sender sends it again. the data has been stored.

Bandwidth Circuit switching reserves the full Message Switching does not reserve the
bandwidth in advance, as there are only entire bandwidth in advance. It
two nodes and a dedicated path for consumes bandwidth node per node as
transmission. per the requirement and releases the
bandwidth when it gets free.

Difference between Circuit Switching and packer

Switching

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Difference Between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

Circuit Switching Packet Switching

Each packet containing the information that

A circuit needs to be established to make sure
needs to be processed goes through the
that data transmission takes place.
dynamic route.

A uniform path is followed throughout the There is no uniform path that is followed end to
session. end through the session.

It is ideal for voice communication, while also It is used mainly for data transmission as the
keeping the delay uniform. delay is not uniform.

Without a connection, it cannot exist, as the A connection is not necessary, as it can exist
connection needs to be present on a physical without one too. It needs to be present on a
layer. network layer.

Data to be transmitted is processed at the Data is processed and transmitted at the source
source itself. as well as at each switching station.

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 Conclusion

In the above article I discussed about different switching techniques in

data communication, hope you all understood it quite easily. For further
queries shoot your questions in the comment section below. Will see you
in my next article till then stay connected and keep learning!

To conclude, there is no dedicated connection in Message Switching

between the sender and the receiver. The data packets from a sender travel
from one node to another till they reach their destination at the receiver.
In contrast, circuit switching establishes a stable dedicated connection
between the sender and the receiver before initiating the transmission
process.

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