Renewable2 1
Renewable2 1
Renewable2 1
Security Policies:
Security policies are a formal set of rules which is issued by an organization to ensure that the
user who are authorized to access company technology and information assets comply with
rules and guidelines related to the security of information.
A security policy also considered to be a "living document" which means that the document
is never finished, but it is continuously updated as requirements of the technology and
employee changes.
We use security policies to manage our network security. Most types of security policies are
automatically created during the installation. We can also customize policies to suit our
specific environment.
1) It increases efficiency.
Firewall Policy:
It blocks the unauthorized users from accessing the systems and networks that connect
to the Internet.
It detects the attacks by cybercriminals and removes the unwanted sources of network
traffic.
This policy automatically detects and blocks the network attacks and browser attacks.
It also protects applications from vulnerabilities and checks the contents of one or
more data packages and detects malware which is coming through legal ways.
This policy protects a system's resources from applications and manages the
peripheral devices that can attach to a system.
The device control policy applies to both Windows and Mac computers whereas
application control policy can be applied only to Windows clients.
CYBERSPACE
Cyberspace can be defined as an intricate environment that involves interactions between
people, software, and services. It is maintained by the worldwide distribution of information
and communication technology devices and networks.
With the benefits carried by the technological advancements, the cyberspace today has
become a common pool used by citizens, businesses, critical information infrastructure,
military and governments in a fashion that makes it hard to induce clear boundaries among
these different groups. The cyberspace is anticipated to become even more complex in the
upcoming years, with the increase in networks and devices connected to it.
REGULATIONS
There are five predominant laws to cover when it comes to cybersecurity:
Information Technology Act, 2000 The Indian cyber laws are governed by the Information
Technology Act, penned down back in 2000. The principal impetus of this Act is to offer
reliable legal inclusiveness to eCommerce, facilitating registration of real-time records with
the Government.
But with the cyber attackers getting sneakier, topped by the human tendency to misuse
technology, a series of amendments followed.
The ITA, enacted by the Parliament of India, highlights the grievous punishments and
penalties safeguarding the e-governance, e-banking, and e-commerce sectors. Now, the scope
of ITA has been enhanced to encompass all the latest communication devices.
The IT Act is the salient one, guiding the entire Indian legislation to govern cybercrimes
rigorously:
Section 43 - Applicable to people who damage the computer systems without permission
from the owner. The owner can fully claim compensation for the entire damage in such cases.
Section 66 - Applicable in case a person is found to dishonestly or fraudulently committing
any act referred to in section 43. The imprisonment term in such instances can mount up to
three years or a fine of up to Rs. 5 lakh.
Section 66B - Incorporates the punishments for fraudulently receiving stolen communication
devices or computers, which confirms a probable three years imprisonment. This term can
also be topped by Rs. 1 lakh fine, depending upon the severity.
Section 66C - This section scrutinizes the identity thefts related to imposter digital
signatures, hacking passwords, or other distinctive identification features. If proven guilty,
imprisonment of three years might also be backed by Rs.1 lakh fine.
Indian cyberspace was born in 1975 with the establishment of National Informatics Centre
(NIC) with an aim to provide govt with IT solutions. Three networks (NWs) were set up
between 1986 and 1988 to connect various agencies of govt. These NWs were, INDONET
which connected the IBM mainframe installations that made up India’s computer
infrastructure, NICNET (the NIC NW) a nationwide very small aperture terminal (VSAT)
NW for public sector organisations as well as to connect the central govt with the state govts
and district administrations, the third NW setup was ERNET (the Education and Research
Network), to serve the academic and research communities.
New Internet Policy of 1998 paved the way for services from multiple Internet service
providers (ISPs) and gave boost to the Internet user base grow from 1.4 million in 1999 to
over 150 million by Dec 2012. Exponential growth rate is attributed to increasing Internet
To create a secure cyber ecosystem in the country, generate adequate trust and
confidence in IT system and transactions in cyberspace and thereby enhance adoption
of IT in all sectors of the economy.
To create an assurance framework for the design of security policies and promotion
and enabling actions for compliance to global security standards and best practices by
way of conformity assessment (Product, process, technology & people).
To strengthen the Regulatory Framework for ensuring a SECURE CYBERSPACE
ECOSYSTEM.
To enhance and create National and Sectoral level 24X7 mechanism for obtaining
strategic information regarding threats to ICT infrastructure, creating scenarios for
response, resolution and crisis management through effective predictive, preventive,
protective response and recovery actions.
The forensic examination of computers, and data storage media, is a complicated and highly
specialized process. The results of forensic examinations are compiled and included in
reports. In many cases, examiners testify to their findings, where their skills and abilities are
put to ultimate scrutiny.
DIGITAL FORENSICS:
Digital Forensics helps the forensic team to analyzes, inspect, identifies, and preserve the
digital evidence residing on various types of electronic devices.
Digital forensic science is a branch of forensic science that focuses on the recovery and
investigation of material found in digital devices related to cybercrime.
THE NEED FOR COMPUTER FORENSICS
Computer forensics is also important because it can save your organization money. ... From a
technical standpoint, the main goal of computer forensics is to identify, collect, preserve, and
analyze data in a way that preserves the integrity of the evidence collected so it can be used
effectively in a legal case.
CYBER FORENSICS AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE:
Digital evidence is information stored or transmitted in binary form that may be relied on in
court. It can be found on a computer hard drive, a mobile phone, among other places. Digital
evidence is commonly associated with electronic crime, or e-crime, such as child
pornography or credit card fraud. However, digital evidence is now used to prosecute all
types of crimes, not just e-crime. For example, suspects' e-mail or mobile phone files might
contain critical evidence regarding their intent, their whereabouts at the time of a crime and
their relationship with other suspects. In 2005, for example, a floppy disk led investigators to
the BTK serial killer who had eluded police capture since 1974 and claimed the lives of at
least 10 victims.
Header Analysis – Meta data in the e-mail message in the form of control
information i.e. envelope and headers including headers in the message body contain
information about the sender and/or the path along which the message has traversed.
Some of these may be spoofed to conceal the identity of the sender. A detailed
analysis of these headers and their correlation is performed in header analysis.
Bait Tactics – In bait tactic investigation an e-mail with http: “<imgsrc>” tag having
image source at some computer monitored by the investigators is send to the sender of
e-mail under investigation containing real (genuine) e-mail address. When the e-mail
is opened, a log entry containing the IP address of the recipient (sender of the e-mail
under investigation) is recorded on the http server hosting the image and thus sender
is tracked. However, if the recipient (sender of the e-mail under investigation) is using
a proxy server then IP address of the proxy server is recorded. The log on proxy
server can be used to track the sender of the e-mail under investigation. If the proxy
server’s log is unavailable due to some reason, then investigators may send the tactic
e-mail containing a) Embedded Java Applet that runs on receiver’s computer or b)
HTML page with Active X Object. Both aiming to extract IP address of the receiver’s
computer and e-mail it to the investigators.