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Lecture 3 B

This document provides an overview of machine learning, including how it works, common techniques like supervised and unsupervised learning, and real-world applications. Supervised learning uses classification and regression to develop predictive models based on known input and output data, while unsupervised learning finds patterns in unlabeled input data using techniques like clustering.

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15 views6 pages

Lecture 3 B

This document provides an overview of machine learning, including how it works, common techniques like supervised and unsupervised learning, and real-world applications. Supervised learning uses classification and regression to develop predictive models based on known input and output data, while unsupervised learning finds patterns in unlabeled input data using techniques like clustering.

Uploaded by

goyag47512
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introducing

What is Machine
Machine
Learning?
Learning
Machine learning teaches computers to do what comes naturally to
humans and animals: learn from experience. Machine learning algorithms
use computational methods to “learn” information directly from data
without relying on a predetermined equation as a model. The algorithms
adaptively improve their performance as the number of samples available
for learning increases.
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
More Data, Real-World Applications

More Questions,
With the rise in big data, machine learning has
become particularly important for solving problems
in areas like these:

Better Answers • Computational finance, for credit


scoring and algorithmic trading

• Image processing and computer vision,


for face recognition, motion detection, and
Machine learning algorithms find natural patterns in data object detection
that generate insight and help you make better decisions and
• Computational biology, for tumor
predictions. They are used every day to make critical decisions
detection, drug discovery, and DNA
in medical diagnosis, stock trading, energy load forecasting, and
sequencing
more. Media sites rely on machine learning to sift through millions
• Energy production, for price and load
of options to give you song or movie recommendations. Retailers
forecasting
use it to gain insight into their customers’ purchasing behavior.
• Automotive, aerospace, and
manufacturing, for predictive maintenance

• Natural language processing

3 Introducing Machine Learning


IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
How Machine
Learning Works
Machine learning uses two types of techniques: supervised
learning, which trains a model on known input and output data so
that it can predict future outputs, and unsupervised learning, which
finds hidden patterns or intrinsic structures in input data.

Machine Learning Techniques


UNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
CLUSTERING
Group and interpret
data based only
on input data

MACHINE LEARNING
CLASSIFICATION
SUPERVISED
LEARNING
Develop predictive
model based on both
input and output data
REGRESSION

4 Introducing Machine Learning


IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Supervised Using Supervised Learning to

Learning Predict Heart Attacks

Suppose clinicians want to predict whether


someone will have a heart attack within a year.
They have data on previous patients, including age,
The aim of supervised machine learning is to build a model
weight, height, and blood pressure. They know
that makes predictions based on evidence in the presence of whether the previous patients had heart attacks
uncertainty. A supervised learning algorithm takes a known set of within a year. So the problem is combining the
input data and known responses to the data (output) and trains a existing data into a model that can predict whether
model to generate reasonable predictions for the response a new person will have a heart attack
to new data. within a year.

Supervised learning uses classification and regression techniques


to develop predictive models.

• Classification techniques predict discrete responses—for


example, whether an email is genuine or spam, or whether
a tumor is cancerous or benign. Classification models
classify input data into categories. Typical applications
include medical imaging, speech recognition, and
credit scoring.

• Regression techniques predict continuous responses—


for example, changes in temperature or fluctuations in
power demand. Typical applications include
electricity load forecasting and algorithmic trading.

5 Introducing Machine Learning


IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Unsupervised
Learning
Unsupervised learning finds hidden patterns or intrinsic structures
in data. It is used to draw inferences from datasets consisting of
input data without labeled responses.

Clustering is the most common unsupervised learning


technique. It is used for exploratory data analysis to find hidden
Clustering
patterns or groupings in data. Patterns in
the Data
Applications for clustering include gene sequence analysis,
market research, and object recognition.

6 Introducing Machine Learning


IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
How Do You Decide Selecting an Algorithm

Which Algorithm MACHINE LEARNING

to Use?
Choosing the right algorithm can seem overwhelming—there SUPERVISED UNSUPERVISED
are dozens of supervised and unsupervised machine learning LEARNING LEARNING
algorithms, and each takes a different approach to learning.

There is no best method or one size fits all. Finding the right
algorithm is partly just trial and error—even highly experienced
data scientists can’t tell whether an algorithm will work without
CLASSIFICATION REGRESSION CLUSTERING
trying it out. But algorithm selection also depends on the size and
type of data you’re working with, the insights you want to get from
the data, and how those insights will be used. Support Vector Linear Regression, K-Means, K-Medoids
Machines GLM Fuzzy C-Means

Discriminant
SVR, GPR Hierarchical
Analysis

Naive Bayes Ensemble Methods Gaussian Mixture

Nearest Neighbor Decision Trees Neural Networks

Hidden Markov
Neural Networks
Model

7 Introducing Machine Learning

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