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‫الجامعة التكنولوجية \ علوم‬

‫الحاسوب \ نظم المعلومات‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Artificial Intelligence and machine learning‬‬
‫‪ .‬اعداد ‪ :‬حارث رافد‬
introduction
Artificial intelligence is computer science technology that emphasizes creating intelligent
machine that can mimic human behavior. Here Intelligent machines can be defined as the
machine that can behave like a human, think like a human, and also capable of decision making.
It is made up of two words, "Artificial" and "Intelligence," which means the "man-made thinking
ability."
With artificial intelligence, we do not need to pre-program the machine to perform a task;
instead, we can create a machine with the programmed algorithms, and it can work on its own .

Why do we need Artificial Intelligence ?


The goal of Artificial intelligence is to create intelligent machines that can mimic human
behavior. We need AI for today's world to solve complex problems, make our lives more
smoothly by automating the routine work, saving the manpower, and to perform many more
other tasks.

Give some real-world applications of AI.


1. Google Search Engine: When we start writing something on the google search engine, we
immediately get the relevant recommendations from google, and this is because of
different AI technologies.
2. Ridesharing Applications: Different ride-sharing applications such as Uber uses AI and
machine learning to determine the type of ride, minimize the time once the car is hailed
by the user, price of the ride, etc.
3. Spam Filters in Email: The AI is also used for email spam filtering so that you can get the
important and relevant emails only in your inbox. As per the studies, Gmail successfully
filters 99.9% of spam mails.
4. Social Networking: Different social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram,
Pinterest, etc., use the AI technology for different purposes such as face recognition and
friend suggestions, when you upload a photograph on Facebook, understanding the
contextual meaning of an emoji in Instagram, and so on.
5. Product recommendations: When we search for a product on Amazon, we get the
recommendation for similar products, and this is because of different ML algorithms.
Similarly, on Netflix, we get personalized recommendations for movies and web serie
How Artificial intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning differ from each
other?

Artificial Intelligence Machine Deep Learning


Learning

The term Artificial The term ML The term DL was first coined in the
intelligence was first coined was first coined year 2000 Igor Aizenberg.
in the year 1956 by John in the
McCarthy. year 1959 by
Arthur
Samuel.

It is a technology that is It is a subset of It is the subset of machine learning and


used to create intelligent AI that learns AI that is inspired by the human brain
machines that can mimic from past data cells, called neurons, and imitates the
human behavior. and working of the human brain.
experiences.

AI completely deals with ML deals with Deep learning deals with structured and
structured, semi-structured structured and unstructured data.
data. semi-structured
data.

It requires a huge amount It can work with It requires a huge amount of the data
of data to work. less amount of compared to the ML.
data compared
to deep
learning and AI.

The goal of AI is to enable The goal of ML The goal of deep learning is to solve the
the machine to think is to enable the complex problems as the human brain
without any human machine to does, using various algorithms.
intervention. learn from past
experiences.
What are the types of Machine Learning?
 Supervised Learning: Supervised learning is a type of Machine learning in which the
machine needs external supervision to learn from data. The supervised learning models
are trained using the labeled dataset. Regression and Classification are the two main
problems that can be solved with Supervised Machine Learning.
 Unsupervised Learning: It is a type of machine learning in which the machine does not
need any external supervision to learn from the data, hence called unsupervised learning.
The unsupervised models can be trained using the unlabelled dataset. These are used to
solve the Association and Clustering problems.
 Reinforcement Learning: In Reinforcement learning, an agent interacts with its
environment by producing actions, and learn with the help of feedback. The
feedback is given to the agent in the form of rewards, such as for each good action, he
gets a positive reward, and for each bad action, he gets a negative reward. There is no
supervision provided to the agent. Q-Learning algorithm is used in reinforcement
learning.

Which programming language is used for AI?


Below are the top five programming languages that are widely used for the development
of Artificial Intelligence: Python , Java , Lisp , R , Prolog .
Among the above five languages, Python is the most used language for AI development due to
its simplicity and availability of lots of libraries, such as Numpy, Pandas, etc.

What are parametric and non-parametric model?


In machine learning, there are mainly two types of models, Parametric and Non-
parametric. Here parameters are the predictor variables that are used to build the machine
learning model. The explanation of these models is given below:

 Parametric Model: The parametric models use a fixed number of the parameters to
create the ML model. It considers strong assumptions about the data. The examples of
the parametric models are Linear regression, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes,
Perceptron, etc.
 Non-Parametric Model: The non-parametric model uses flexible numbers of parameters.
It considers a few assumptions about the data. These models are good for higher data
and no prior knowledge. The examples of the non-parametric models are Decision Tree,
K-Nearest Neighbour, SVM with Gaussian kernels, etc .
How AI works, step by step :
1. Data collection : Gather the relevant data for your use and pass it to a training
program to inform the AI.
2. Data preprocessing: Look through your data set to remove bad data, fix formatting,
and ensure information stays updated.
3. Model selection: Pick the AI model that best suits your needs.
4. Training the model: Give your training data to the AI model for training.
5. Testing and evaluation: Use a test data set to ensure your model produces
accurate results.
6. Model optimization: Make changes to your model to improve the results and
performance.
7. Deployment: Integrate your new AI model with your current systems.
8. Continuous learning: Keep updating your AI model on new information to keep it
relevant and producing great results.

Conclusion: Conclusion. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning have become


integral to our lives, and their relevance in the near future is undeniable. They
enhance everyday technology, transform industries, drive innovation, solve
complex problems, and empower personalization .

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