Verbs

(A STUDY OF IBANAG VERBS)
➢ Summary of affixes of major focus types

Macro Role Semantic Role Focus Affix
Actor (INTRANS) Actor ag-

-um-
mang-
Goal (TRANSITIVE) Patient -an
Locative -an
Benefactive i- -an
Instrumental pag-, pang-
Comitative ka-
Theme i-
➢ Intransitive
-intransitive verbs are those that require only one core argument,
either an actor or an undergoer/experiencer.
Example: (1) Natuttul na’.
(PERF-INTR)-follow ABS.1s
‘I followed’.
(2) Sinuttul ni Maria.

(PERF-INTR)-follow PERS/ABS Maria
‘Maria followed’.
(3) Tinuttul ni Maria i
patakaran.
(PERF-INTR)-follow PERS/ABS Maria ABS protocol
‘Maria followed the protocol’.
Hence, the core argument is case-marked as absolutive (1),

peripheral arguments (2), and there is one core argument, the it is
intransitive (3).
The determining factor id the prefix of the verb: nag-,
mag-, -um- affixed verbs are actor-focused.
➢ Transitive
-transitive verbs take two core arguments: an agent and a patient.
The agent is encoded as ergative; whereas, as the patient is encoded as
absolutive. If there are other NPs or peripheral arguments, in the clause,
they are encoded as oblique. Addition to this, the transitive clause, the verb
is –in- affixed.
Example:
Inagan ni Juan i resulta na swab test na'.
(PERF-TRAN)-wait ABS Juan ABS result ABS swab test ABS.1s

‘Juan waits the result of his swab test'.
In-ninagan ni Juan i resulta na swab

test na'
(PERF-TRAN)-wait ABS Juan ABS result ABS swab test ABS. 1s
‘Juan waited the result of his swab test’.
➢ Perfective Aspects
-the pattern of perfective aspect is quite predictable. First,
for the mag-, ma-, maka-, maki-, and mang, verbs, the m is changed
to n. Thus, they become nag-, na-, naka-, naki, and nang,
respectively. Second, -um- verbs become –imm- in the perfective.
Third, for those suffixed by –an, and the perfective aspect formed by
the addition of the infix –in, placed before the first vowel of the root
and the suffix is retained. Fourth, the prefixes ka- and pa- become
kina- and pina-, respectively, and finally, i- become in- in the
perfective.
Example:
Mabbaggaw yayya tu lima.
PERF-wash ABS.3s OBL hand
'S/he wash his/her hands'.
Nabbaggaw yayya tu lima.

PERF-wash ABS.3s OBL hand
‘S/he washed his/her hand’
Iddan na’ tu facemasks.

PERF-give ERG.3s+ABS.1s OBL facemasks.
'S/he give his/her facemasks'.
In-iddan na’ tu facemasks.

PERF-gave ERG.3s+ABS.1s OBL facemasks.
‘S/he gave me facemasks’.
➢ Continuative
-it resembles the present tense in English. Hence, it is use to
refer to actions that are presently performed or to habitual
actions or universal facts.
Example:
Maddagun ira mapakarenu ta
lawang.
Presently ABS.3s IMP-clean ABS.
outside
“They are currently cleaning outside”.
Addition to this, the continuation aspect in Ibanag is encoded in two
way through reduplication pattern and other is through the lexical item
maddagun ‘presently’ or ‘in progress’. Contrast that means of expression of the
ergo ‘talk’ in the imperfective (1) and continuative aspective (2):
Example:
(1) Kayergo sangaw i bako tu mataki ta doctor.
Ka-ergo sangaw i bako tu
IMP-talk later ABS old woman OBL
mataki ta doctor
sick OBL doctor
‘The sick old woman will talking to the doctor’
(2) Maddagun makiyergo i bako tu mataki ta doctor.
Maddagun maki-ergo i bako tu
Presently IMP-talk ABS old woman OBL
mataki ta doctor
sick OBL doctor
‘The sick old woman (presently) talking to the doctor.
➢ Imperfective Aspect
-the perfective aspect can be encoded into two possible
ways. One is the affixes (usually the mag-) and the other is through
the temporal expression sangaw ‘later”.
Example:
Iddan na’ sangaw tu alcohol.
Iddan na’ sangaw tu alcohol.
IMP-GIVE ERG.3s+ABS.1s later OBL alcohol
‘S/he will give me alcohol later’
Just like continuative, the occurrence of sangaw ‘later’

apparently is more typical than the morphological marking in
expressing an even that is not yet to happen.
Present Tense Gloss Past Tense Gloss
minung drink mininung drunk
nalakag walk luminakag walked
niyosa Wear nangiyosa wore
kumang eat kiminang eaten
makatrug sleep Nakatrug slept
makaru run Nakaru ran
mallutu cook nallutu cooked

materag lean nanerag leaned
makansyon sing nakansyon sung
matala dance natala danced
makaya climb nakaya climbed
tumangi cry siminangi cried
Maddage sew naddage sewed
maggiraw watch naggiraw watched
massingan see nassingan saw

In this section, the various issues concerning verbs are
discussed. Among these are the focus, transitivity, aspects and tenses
of verb. The concept of focus here takes the place of voice. Although
the transitivity is perceived to be minor issue of some philippinists, the
two types of transitivity are intransitive and transitive. The affixes
that are used for each types are clearly illustrated throughout the
chapter. The aspects of Ibanag verbs are also categorized into
three: namely, perfective continuative and imperfective. Hence, the
Ibanag verbs are derived and not inflected for aspect. Lastly, the
tenses of verb is determined by when the action took place.
BALISI, ANDREA M.
DAYAG, DESIREE-ANN
DOMINGO, RONALYN A.
MALENAB, RONNALYN E.
TAGUBA, SARAH MAE T.
THANK YOU!

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(A STUDY OF IBANAG VERBS)

➢ Summary of affixes of major focus types

Actor (INTRANS) Actor ag-

Instrumental pag-, pang-

(2) Sinuttul ni Maria.

Hence, the core argument is case-marked as absolutive (1),

(PERF-TRAN)-wait ABS Juan ABS result ABS swab test ABS.1s

In-ninagan ni Juan i resulta na swab

Nabbaggaw yayya tu lima.

Iddan na’ tu facemasks.

In-iddan na’ tu facemasks.

Just like continuative, the occurrence of sangaw ‘later’

minung drink mininung drunk

nalakag walk luminakag walked

niyosa Wear nangiyosa wore

kumang eat kiminang eaten

makatrug sleep Nakatrug slept

makaru run Nakaru ran

mallutu cook nallutu cooked

makansyon sing nakansyon sung

matala dance natala danced

makaya climb nakaya climbed

tumangi cry siminangi cried

Maddage sew naddage sewed

maggiraw watch naggiraw watched

massingan see nassingan saw

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