//COUNTERS:

1)Assume that an external clock is connected to pin T0(P3.4). Write an 8051 C program in
counter 0 mode 1(16-bit mode) to count the number of clock pulses through TL0 & TH0 and
produce the output at port 1(P1) and port 2 (P2). Start the count at 00H.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit T0pin=P3^4;

void main()

T0pin=1; // External input

TMOD=0x05; // Counter mode, mode 1, timer 0

TL0=0x00;

TH0=0x00;

while(1)

TR0=1;

while(TF0==0)

P1=TL0;

P2=TH0;

TR0=0;

TF0=0;

}
2) Assume that an external clock is connected to pin T0(P3.4). Write an 8051 C program in
counter 0 mode 1(16-bit mode) to count 10 number of clock pulses through TL0 & TH0 and
produce the output at port 1(P1) and port 2 (P2). Start the count at 00H.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit T1pin=P3^4;

void main()

T1pin=1; // External input

TMOD=0x05; // Counter mode, mode 1, timer 0

while(1)

TL0=0x00;

TH0=0x00;

TR0=1;

while(TL0<=9)

P1=TL0;

P2=TH0;

TR0=0;

TF0=0;

}
3)Writ an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of P1 with a delay of 1 sec for 5 times (5 clock
pulses). Use timer 0 and mode 1 to create the delay.

#include <reg51.h>

void delay(void) // delay function produces 50 msec delay

TMOD=0x01; // Timer 0 mode 1

TL0=0xFD; // Load TL0 & TH0 as per the time delay

TH0=0x4B;

TR0=1; // Start Timer 0

while(TF0==0); // Run here till TF0=0

TR0=0; // Stop the timer 0

TF0=0; // Reset the overflow timer 0 flag

void main()

{ int i, j;

for(j=0;j<5;j++)

P1=0x00;

for(i=0;i<20;i++)

delay();

P1=0xFF;

for(i=0;i<20;i++)

delay();

}
4) Writ an 8051 C program to generate a clock with 1 Hz square wave(5pulses) using timer 0 and
mode 1and use this clock as input to P3.5 and count the pulses using the counter 1 in mode 2
operation and display the count at port2.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit T1pin=P3^5;

sbit portpin=P1^0;

void delay(void)

TMOD=0x61; // Timer 0 mode 1

TL0=0xFD; // Load TL0 & TH0 as per the time delay

TH0=0x4B;

TR0=1; // Start Timer 0

while(TF0==0); // Run here till TF0=0

TR0=0; // Stop the timer 0

TF0=0; // Reset the overflow timer 0 flag

void main()

{ int i,j;

T1pin=1;

TMOD=0x61; // Counter mode, mode 2, timer 1

TH1=0x00;

TL1=0x00;

TR1=1;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

P1=0x00;

T1pin=portpin;

for(j=0;j<20;j++)

delay();

P2=TL1;
P1=0xFF;

T1pin=portpin;

for(j=0;j<20;j++)

delay();

P2=TL1;

}
#SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

1) Write an 8051 C program to transmit your name serially with a baud rate of 9600
continuously. Use 8-bit data and 1-stop bit.

#include <reg51.h>

void main()

char i, name[]="SRINIVASA RAO";

TMOD=0x20; //Timer 1, 8-bit auto reload mode

TH1=0XFD; //Load value for 9600 baud rate bps

SCON=0x50; /* Mode 1, reception enable */

TR1=1; //Start timer 1

while(1)

for(i=0;i<13;i++)

SBUF=name[i]; //Load ‘H' in SBUF to transmit

while(TI==0); //Wait till TI flag is set or data transmission ends

TI=0; //Clear TI flag

}
2) Write an 8051 C program to receive data serially with a baud rate of 4800 continuously.
Use 8-bit data and 1-stop bit.

#include <reg51.h>

void main()

unsigned char i;

TMOD=0x20; //Timer 1, 8-bit auto reload mode

TH1=0XFA; //Load value for 4800 baud rate bps

SCON=0x50; /* Mode 1, reception enable */

TR1=1; //Start timer 1

while(1)

while(RI==0);

i=SBUF;

P1=i;

RI=0;

}
 3) Write an 8051 C program to transmit data serially with a baud rate of 57200
continuously(Doubling the baud rate). Use 8-bit data and 1-stop bit.

#include <reg51.h>
void main()
{
TMOD=0x20; //Timer 1, 8-bit auto reload mode
TH1=0xFF; //Load value for 57200 baud rate bps
SCON=0x50; /* Mode 1, reception enable */
TR1=1; //Start timer 1
PCON=0x80;
SBUF='S'; //Load 'S' in SBUF to transmit
while(TI==0); //Wait till TI flag is set or data transmission ends
TI=1; //Clear TI flag
while(1);
}

4) Write an 8051 C program to send two different strings to the serial port. Assuming that SW is
connected to pin P2.0, monitor its status and make a decision as follows:

Switch = 0: send your first name

Switch = 1: send your last name

Assume XTAL = 11.0592 MHz, baud rate of 2400, 8-bit data, 1 stop bit.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit sw= P2^0;

void main(void)

char i;

char name[]="Khushi";

char lastname[]="Mittal";

TMOD=0x20;

TH1=-12;

SCON=0x50;

TR1=1;

while(1)

if (sw==0)

for(i=0;i<6;i++)
 {

SBUF=name[i];

while(TI==0);

TI=0;

}}

else if(sw==1)

for(i=0;i<6;i++)

SBUF=lastname[i];

while(TI==0);

TI=0;}}}}

5)

Write an 8051 C program to send two different message to the serial port. Assuming that SW is
connected to pin P2.0, monitor its status and make a decision as follows:

Switch = 0: “Normal Speed” with a baud rate of 28800

Switch = 1: “High Speed” with a baud rate of 57600

Assume XTAL = 11.0592 MHz

#include <reg51.h>

sbit MYSW=P2^0; //input switch

void main(void)

char z;

char Mess1[]="Normal Speed";

char Mess2[]= "High Speed";

TMOD=0x20; //use Timer 1, mode 2

TH1=0xFF; //28800 for normal

SCON=0x50;

TR1=1; //start timer

while(1)
 {

if(MYSW==0)

for (z=0;z<12;z++) {

SBUF=Mess1[z]; //place value in buffer

while(TI==0); //wait for transmit

TI=0;

}}

else {

for (z=0;z<10;z++) {

PCON=0x80;

SBUF=Mess2[z]; //place value in buffer

while(TI==0); //wait for transmit

TI=0;}}}}

#INTERRUPTS:

1) Write an 8051 C program to transmit the data continuously from P1.0 to P1.7 and
simultaneously produce a square wave with a period of 400 micro seconds at P2.0. Use
timer 0 mode 2.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit input1=P1^0;

sbit output1=P1^7;

sbit sqwave=P2^0;

void itpro(void) interrupt 1

sqwave=~sqwave;

void main()

input1=0;

TMOD=0x02;

TH0=0x49;

IE=0x82;
TR0=1;

while(1)

output1=input1;

2) Write an 8051 C program to toggle P1 data continuously and simultaneously toggle the
led connected to P0.0 only when an external input received at P3.2(INT0) pin.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit swi= P3^2;

sbit led=P0^0;

void extint() interrupt 0

led=~led;

void main()

led=0;

swi=1;

IE=0x81;

while(1)

P1=~P1;

3) Write an 8051 C program to transmit the data continuously from P1.0 to P1.7 and
receive data serially send it to P2 with a baud rate of 9600.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit input1=P1^0;

sbit output1=P1^7;

void itpro(void) interrupt 4

P2=SBUF;

RI=0;

void main()

input1=0;

TMOD=0x20;

TH1=0xFD;

SCON=0x50;

IE=0x90;

TR1=1;

while(1)

output1=input1;

4) Write an 8051 C program to display the number of people in a room,where entry gate
sesnor is connected to P3.2 and exit gate sensor is connected to P3.3.

#include <reg51.h>

unsigned char count=0;

void int0() interrupt 0

count++;

void int1() interrupt 2

count--;

void main()

{
TCON=0x05;

IE=0x85;

while(1)

P0=count;

5) Write a C program using interrupts to do the following:

(a) Receive data serially and send it to P0

(b) Read port P1, transmit data serially, and give a copy to P2

(c) Make timer 0 generate a square wave of 5 kHz frequency on P0.1

Assume that XTAL = 11.0592 MHz. Set the baud rate at 4800.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit WAVE =P0^1;

void timer0() interrupt 1 {

WAVE=~WAVE; //toggle pin

void serial0() interrupt 4 {

if (TI==1) {

TI=0; //clear interrupt

else {

P0=SBUF; //put value on pins

RI=0; //clear interrupt

void main() {

unsigned char x;

P1=0xFF; //make P1 an input

TH1=0xF6; //4800 baud rate

SCON=0x50;

TH0=0xA4; //5 kHz has T=200us

IE=0x92; //enable interrupts

TR1=1; //start timer 1

TR0=1; //start timer 0

while (1) {

x=P1; //read value from pins

SBUF=x; //put value in buffer

P2=x; //write value to pins

6)

Write a C program using interrupts to do the following:

(a) Generate a 10 KHz frequency on P2.1 using T0 8-bit auto-reload

(b) Use timer 1 as an event counter to count up a 1-Hz pulse and display it on P0. The pulse
is connected to EX1.

Assume that XTAL = 11.0592 MHz. Set the baud rate at 9600.

#include <reg51.h>

sbit WAVE =P2^1;

Unsigned char cnt;

void timer0() interrupt 1 {

WAVE=~WAVE; //toggle pin

void timer1() interrupt 3 {

cnt++; //increment counter

P0=cnt; //display value on pins

void main() {

cnt=0; //set counter to 0

TH0=0x-46; //10 KHz

IE=0x86; //enable interrupts

TR0=1; //start timer 0

while (1); //wait until interrupted