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Chapter One

The document discusses basic counting principles including permutations and combinations. It provides examples of calculating permutations of objects and arrangements on a shelf. Exercises include finding arrangements of books on a shelf and forming committees from groups with restrictions.

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28 views8 pages

Chapter One

The document discusses basic counting principles including permutations and combinations. It provides examples of calculating permutations of objects and arrangements on a shelf. Exercises include finding arrangements of books on a shelf and forming committees from groups with restrictions.

Uploaded by

tasheebedane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER ONE

ELEMENTARY COUTING PRINCIPLES


1.1 Introduction

1.2 Basic counting principles


Permutation
An arrangement of n objects in a specified order is called permutation of the objects.
Permutation Rules:
1. The number of permutations of n distinct objects taken all together is n!
Where n! n * (n  1) * (n  2) * ..... * 3 * 2 *1
2. The arrangement of n objects in a specified order using r objects at a time is called
the permutation of n objects taken r objects at a time. It is written as n Pr and the
formula is
n!
n Pr 
( n  r )!
3. The number of permutations of n objects in which k1 are alike k2 are alike etc is
n!

k1!*k 2 * ... * k n
Exercises:
1. Six different statistics books, seven different physics books, and 3 different
Economics books are arranged on a shelf. How many different arrangements are
possible if;
i. The books in each particular subject must all stand together
ii. Only the statistics books must stand together
2. If the permutation of the word WHITE is selected at random, how many of the
permutations
i. Begins with a consonant?
ii. Ends with a vowel?
iii. Has a consonant and vowels alternating?
Exercises:
1. Out of 5 Mathematician and 7 Statistician a committee consisting of 2
Mathematician and 3 Statistician is to be formed. In how many ways this can
be done if
a) There is no restriction
b) One particular Statistician should be included
c) Two particular Mathematicians can not be included on the committee.
2. If 3 books are picked at random from a shelf containing 5 novels, 3 books of
poems, and a dictionary, in how many ways this can be done if
a) There is no restriction.
b) The dictionary is selected?
c) 2 novels and 1 book of poems are selected?
example
example

examples

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