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16 CPR

The document discusses cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques and guidelines. It covers the basic steps of CPR, including checking for consciousness and calling for help. It also discusses the differences between basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS), as well as indications, contraindications, complications, and medications used in resuscitation.

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Selin Sakar
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52 views17 pages

16 CPR

The document discusses cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques and guidelines. It covers the basic steps of CPR, including checking for consciousness and calling for help. It also discusses the differences between basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS), as well as indications, contraindications, complications, and medications used in resuscitation.

Uploaded by

Selin Sakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST.

KLIMENT OHRIDSKI”, FACULTY OF MEDICINE


DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIOLOGY AND INTENSIVE CARE
ONE GOAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY IS TO
MAINTAIN THE FUNCTION OF VITAL
ORGAN SYSTEMS DURING SURGERY.
• It is not surprising, therefore, that anesthesiologists have played a major role in the
development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques outside the operating room.
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care (CPR-ECC) should be considered
any time an individual cannot adequately oxygenate or perfuse vital organs—not only following
cardiac or respiratory arrest.
WHAT IS CPR?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in
many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which
someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

• The American Heart Association recommends that everyone —


untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with
chest compressions.
• It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful
that your knowledge or abilities aren't 100 percent complete.
Remember, the difference between your doing something and doing
nothing could be someone's life.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN
• Before starting CPR, check:
– Is the environment safe for the person?
– Is the person conscious or unconscious?
– If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are
you OK?"
– If the person doesn't respond and two people are available, one should call EMERGENCY
NUMBER (BULGARIA: 112) and one should begin CPR.
– If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone, 1st call EMERGENCY
NUMBER before beginning CPR — unless you think the person has become unresponsive
because of suffocation (such as from drowning).
– In this special case, begin CPR for one minute and then call EMEREGENCY NUMBER.
– If an AED is immediately available, deliver one shock if instructed by the device, then begin
CPR.
REMEMBER TO SPELL A-B-C / C-A-B
ALS VS BLS
• ALS and BLS are both life supporting mechanism but one is just basic and the other one is advanced.
• Both the BLS and ALS are designed for pre-hospital life support and transportation of a patient to the hospital.
A BLS unit will have two Emergency medical Technicians. On the other hand, an ALS unit will have a paramedic
apart from the
Emergency medical Technician.
• One of the main differences between Advance Life Support and Basic life Support is that the latter is non-
invasive. This means that a BLS cannot use needles and other devices that makes cuts in the skin. The BLS
providers cannot administer medicines. On the other hand, An ALS provider can give injection and even
administer medication to a patient. An ALS can give basic treatment in case of cuts or injuries whereas a BLS
person does not have the right to do it.
• Unlike the BLS unit, an ALS unit will be equipped with airway equipment, cardiac life support, cardiac monitors
and glucose testing device. A person with an AlS unit has to undergo more training than a person in the BLS
unit.
• Basic life Support can be called as the first step of treatment. A person who has taken BLS lessons know how to
give assistance to a patient. Every person can take BLS lessons, which does not last for many months. The
Advance Life Support lessons are generally preferred by doctors, nurses and the para medic staff.
• When comparing ALS and BLS, the former one provides more treatment options.
INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS

• CPR should be performed immediately on any person who has become unconscious and is found
to be pulseless. Assessment of cardiac electrical activity via rapid “rhythm strip” recording can
provide a more detailed analysis of the type of cardiac arrest, as well as indicate additional
treatment options.
• Loss of effective cardiac activity is generally due to the spontaneous initiation of a nonperfusing
arrhythmia, sometimes referred to as a malignant arrhythmia. The most common nonperfusing
arrhythmias include the following:
– Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
– Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)
– Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
– Asystole
– Pulseless bradycardia
– CPR should be started before the rhythm is identified and should be continued while the defibrillator is
being applied and charged. Additionally, CPR should be resumed immediately after a defibrillatory shock
until a pulsatile state is established.
CONTRAINDICATIONS

The only absolute contraindication to CPR is a do-not-resuscitate


(DNR) order or other advanced directive indicating a person’s desire
to not be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest.
A relative contraindication to performing CPR is if a clinician
justifiably feels that the intervention would be medically futile.
COMPLICATIONS OF CPR INCLUDE

• Fractures of ribs or the sternum from chest compression (widely considered uncommon)
• Gastric insufflation from artificial respiration using noninvasive ventilation methods (eg, mouth-
to-mouth, BVM); this can lead to vomiting, with further airway compromise or aspiration;
insertion of an invasive airway (eg, endotracheal tube) prevents this problem
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED BASIC
LIFE SUPPORT TECHNIQUES
ATROPINE
ADRENALINE
AMIODARONE
DOBUTAMINE
LIDOCAINE

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