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Lecture 13 Dynamics 2

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23 views8 pages

Lecture 13 Dynamics 2

Uploaded by

robertnketsang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example

When a 98 kg man jumps into a swimming pool from a


height of 4.9 m, it takes 0.4 s for water to reduce his speed
to zero. What average force is exerted by water on the
man?
m(v - u)
Fav = t
u : Initial velocity at water surface
v : Zero – Water reduce speed of man to zero
First determine u
1.The man experiences free fall up to the water surface, a = -g
2. The water reduces the velocity to zero – force to calculate
Free fall motion
u1 = 0 m s-1, a1 = -g = -9.8 m s-2, S1 = -4.9 m
v1 = u1 + 2 a1 s1
2 2

v1 = 0 + 2 * (−9.8) * (−4.9)  v =  96 .04


2 2

Since velocity is downwards, v1 = -9.8 m s-1


This is the initial velocity of the man at the water surface
Motion in water
u2 = v1 = u = -9.8 m s-1, v2 = v = 0 m s-1, t = 0.4 s
m(v2 - u2) = 98 * (0 − (−9.8)) = 2401 N
Fav = t 0.4
Note that the direction of F is opposite the direction of motion
Newton’s Third Law:
If object 1 exerts a force F12 on object 2, then object 2
exerts an equal and oppositely directed reaction force
F21 on object 1.
F21
F12 = - F21
1
2

Will there be acceleration? F12

Distinguish between forces exerted on the object and forces


exerted by the object.
Motion of body depends on forces exerted on the body
No acceleration because gravitational force on body and
F21 are opposite and equal in magnitude
Mass and Weight
Mass – A measure of amount of matter in an object.
Does not depend on place where body is.
Weight – The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted
by the earth (or any large object like moon and other
planets) on the body.
W = mg
Depends on place where body is
The force exerted, at the surface, on the body is called the
Normal Reaction force, N or R
N

N Always perpendicular to surface


Examples on application of Newton’s laws
Steps to follow
1. Identify all the forces acting on the object(s)
2. Identify the direction of acceleration(s), if any.
3. Resolve any force that is neither parallel nor perpendicular
to the direction of acceleration into components parallel
and perpendicular to the direction of acceleration.
4. Draw a free body diagram(s) using forces (and
components of forces) perpendicular and parallel to the
direction of acceleration.
5. Apply Newton’s second law (taking the direction of
acceleration as positive.
6. Solve simultaneously for what is required using any
method of solving simultaneous equations.
Example 1

The figure shows a mass m


hanging from three wires. 1 2
Determine the tensions T1 and T2
T1
T2
Identify all the forces acting at the point
mg
and the respective accelerations
ax = 0, ay = 0 m
Draw a free body diagram T2
T1
mg
Resolve forces into components in the directions of the
accelerations and apply Newton’s laws
1 2
T1 T2 T2 sin2
T1 sin1
1 2
T1 cos1 T2 cos2
mg

Choose the direction of accelerations as positive


T2 cos  2 − T1 cos 1 = ma x = 0 .................... 1
T2 sin  2 + T1 sin 1 − mg = ma y = 0 .................... 2
T1 cos1
From 1 , T2 =
cos 2
T2 sin  2 + T1 sin 1 − mg = 0 .................... 2
T1 cos1
T2 =
cos 2
T1 cos1
Substitute for T2 in 2 sin  2 + T1 sin 1 − mg = 0
cos 2
T1 cos1
T1 sin 1 + sin  2 = mg
cos 2
T1 cos1
[T1 sin 1 + sin  2 ] cos 2 = mg * cos 2
cos 2
T1[sin 1 cos  2 + cos 1 sin  2 ] = mg cos  2

mg cos 2 mg cos1
T1 = T2 =
sin 1 cos 2 + cos1 sin  2 sin 1 cos 2 + cos1 sin  2

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