3 - Unsteady Flow in Orifice
3 - Unsteady Flow in Orifice
IN ORIFICES
UNSTEADY FLOW IN ORIFICES:
Constant Qi
L.S. (t = 0) dh
Elem. Volume, d(Vol)
h1 L.S. (t = t)
h
h2
Qo
CASE 1: Qi = 0
1 h2 d(vol)
If the side of the tank are vertical, the area
t 1
CA o 2g h1 2 A at any point is constant, thus:
h
OR
t
2A
CA o 2g
h 1
1
2 h2
1
2
1 h1 A dh
t
CA o 2g h2
h
1
2
L.S. (t = 0) dh
Elem. Volume, d(Vol)
h1 L.S. (t = t)
h
h2
Qo
CASE 2: Qi ≠ Qo
a) Qi < Qo b) Qi > Qo
h1 A dh h2 A dh
t t
h2 h1
CA o 2gh - Qi Qi - CA o 2gh
1.50 m
2m
0.50 m
Solution:
t
2A
CA o 2g
h1 h 2 Formula with vertical sides
h1 = 2 m ; h2 = 0.5 m
t
0.95(
2 (
4
(1.20) 2 )
(0.05) 2 2(9.81)
2 0.5
4
t = 193.58 sec
Board Exam
A hemispherical shell with base horizontal and uppermost, is filled
with water. If the radius is 2.5m, determine the time required to empty
through a sharp-edge orifice 150mm in diameter (C=0.60) located at the
lowest point. Y
(t = 0) C (0, 2.5)
r=x
d(Vol)
dh = dy
(x, y)
h1=2.50m
h=y
h 2= 0 X
O
(t = 0) C (0, 2.5)
r=x
d(Vol)
dh = dy
(x, y)
h1=2.50m
h=y
h 2= 0 X
O
2.5
t
0.60(/4)(0.15) 2 2(9.81)
0
(5 y1/ 2 y 3 / 2 ) dy
t = 620 sec