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Smart Sensor

An intelligent sensor combines sensing elements and signal processing on a single integrated circuit. It consists of transduction, signal conditioning electronics and a controller/processor. Smart sensors can make decisions, self-calibrate and communicate their status. They support applications like self-calibration, communication, computation and multisensing.

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Priyanshu Shakya
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10 views2 pages

Smart Sensor

An intelligent sensor combines sensing elements and signal processing on a single integrated circuit. It consists of transduction, signal conditioning electronics and a controller/processor. Smart sensors can make decisions, self-calibrate and communicate their status. They support applications like self-calibration, communication, computation and multisensing.

Uploaded by

Priyanshu Shakya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS AN INTELLIGENT SENSOR?

A device that combines a sensing element and a signal processor on a single integrated circuit

Basic integrated electronics (signal conditioning, ADC),A micro-processor,Logic functions and decision
making

SMART SENSOR

A smart sensor is an analog/digital transducer combined with a processing unit and a communication
interface. It consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic and controller/processor
that support some intelligence in a single package.

This integrated sensors which has electronics and the transduction element together on one silicon
chip, this system can be called as system-on-chip (SoC). The main aim of integrating the electronics
and the sensor is to make an intelligent sensor, which can be called as smart sensor. Smart sensors
then have the ability to make some decision.

SMART SENSOR ARCHITECTURE

The basic architectural components of smart sensor are listed as follows:

Sensing element/transduction element,,Amplifier.,Sample and hold,Analog multiplexer,Analog to


digital converter (ADC),offset and temperature,compensation,Digital to analog converter
(DAC),Memory.Serial communication,Processor

Sensing element and Transduction element:

It is the first component of the sensor system that comes in contact with the measurand. The
measurand can be any form like pressure, flow, level, temperature etc.

This element is also termed as the primary sensing element of a measurement system.

Data Acquisition System (DAS):;

A DAS is used for the measurement and processing of an input response or any measurand before it
is being displayed on the operator desk or permanently recorded and monitored. Following are the
components to accomplish the necessary tasks.

Transducers.

Signal Conditioning and Signal Processing Unit.

Conversion elements like ADC/DAC.

Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.

Signal Conditioning and Signal Processing Unit:

The process of manipulating and modifying the input signal or measurand in such a way that it meets
the necessary requirements for further processing. Signal conditioning of an input signal is done
through the following steps

Amplification: Process of boosting up the input signal for the purpose of increasing the resolution
and reducing the noise.
Filtering: Extended process of amplification stage to remove the unwanted noise components
present in the signal of interest. The noise components can be removed using LPF and HPF
depending on the input signal. Linearization: Process of converting a non linear response into a linear
one for better output response.

Sampling: Process of conversion of a continuous signal into a discrete signal.

Modulation: Transmitting the input signal carrying useful information to a remote site appended with
a carrier signal depending on the channel bandwidth and frequency.

Excitation: Signal conditioning also generates excitation for some passive transducers such as strain
gauge, RTD which acquire external voltages for their operation.RTD measurements are usually made
with a current excitation source that converts the change in resistance into a measurable voltage.

ADC and DAC converters:

The data converters convert one form of data into another form. There are two types of data
converters

Analog to Digital Converter(ADC) Digital to Analog Converter(DAC)

Programming Devices:

After the data acquisition process is over, the processed signal is fed into the programming devices
such as microprocessor for the purpose of programming and storage of the programmed data in the
memory devices

Communication interfaces: The programmed output of the microprocessor which is digital in nature
in now finally fed to the computing device such as computers for the final processing, recording and
displaying. The communication of the processed and programmed data from the data acquisition
unit to the computer is initiated by using a RS-232 fast communication interface.

General Applications: Smart sensor enhances the following applications:

Self calibration: Adjust deviation of o/p of sensor from desired value.

Communication: Broadcast information about its own status.

Computation: Allows one to obtain the average, variance and standard deviation for the set of
measurements.

Multisensing: A single smart sensor can measure pressure, temperature, humidity, gas flow and
infrared, chemical reaction surface acoustic vapour etc.

What intelligent sensors can do?

SELF CALIBRATION AND DIAGNOSTICS

Is the output a reasonable value?,Does it agree with the result of an adjacent sensor? Is the rate of
change of the output reasonable?,Is the output actually changing?

COMPHENSATION

Adjusting Gain By means of programmable gain amplifiers.

Linearity introduced by means of look-up tables

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