Praveen Kumar Jha and Khushboo Jha

9311377321, 9811377321
CHAPTER – 15
Determine the domain of the following functions

1. f (x, y) = x − 1 + y

2
2. g(x, y) = + 9 − (x 2 + y 2 )
x +y −4
2 2

x 2 + y3
3.
y−x+2

4. 2 − (x 2 + y 2 )

5. (4 − x 2 − y 2 )(x 2 + y 2 − 1)
6. ln(x + y)

7. x 2 − y2 + x 2 + y2 − 1

8. y − x2 − x −y

9. F(x, y) = x − y
1
10. F(x, y) =
x−y

11. F(u, ) = uv

y
12. F(x, ) =
x
13. F(x, y) = ln(y − x)

14. F(x, y) = (x + 3) + (y − 1) 2

15. F(x, y) = C( x +1)/( y − 2)

1
16. F(x, y) =
x 2 − y2

1
17. F(x, y) =
9 − x 2 − y2

18. A study of milk production found that y = 2.90x10.015 x 0.250

2 x 30.350 x 0.408
4 x 50.030 , where y
is the output of milk and x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,..., x 5 are the quantities of five different
input factors. (x1 : work effort and x3 is grass consumption)
(i) If all the factors of production were doubled what would happen to y ?
(ii) Write the relation in log–linear form.

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Praveen Kumar Jha and Khushboo Jha
9311377321, 9811377321
19. Domain for f (x, y) = y − x ln(y + x) (2018)

LEVEL CURVES
20. Draw the graphs of the following functions in three–dimensional space and
draw a set of level curves for each of them
(a) z = 3 − x − y

(b) z = 3 − x 2 − y 2

21. Show that x 2 + y 2 = 6 is a level curve of f (x, y) = x 2 + y 2 − x 2 − y 2 + 2 and that

all the level curves of F must be circles at the origin.
22. Show that x 2 − y 2 = c for all values of the constant c lies on a level
curve for F(x, y) = e x .e − y + x 4 − 2x 2 y2 + y4 .
2 2

23. Where the functsions are continuous ?

(a) F(x, y, z) = x 2 y + 8x 2 y5 z − xy + 8z
xy − 3 x−y
(b) g(x, ) = (c) F(x, y) =
x + y2 − 4
2
x 2 + y2
1
(d) F(x, y) =
y − x2
24. Sketch the level curves for the following functions at heights specified
by k
(i) F(x, y) = y3 − x 2 at k = 0
(ii) g(x, y) = y − ln x at k = 0.2 (2017)
25. Sketch some level curves F(x, y) = c, for c ≥ 0 for each of the function

(a) F(x, y) = 2x − 3y (b) F(x, y) = x 2 − y 2

(c) F(x, y) = x 3 − y (d) g(x, y) = x 2 − y

y2 x
(e) h(x, h) = x 2 + (f) F(x, y) =
4 y
PARTIAL DERIVATIVE
26. Find the partial derivative of the following (First order only)
xy
(a) F(x, y() = x 3 y + x 2 y 2 + x + y 2 (b) F(x, y) =
x + y2
2

27. Find first and second order partial derivatives at (x,y) = (1,0)
Ans. F1′ = 3, F2′ = 0, F11′′ = 6, F12′′ = 0, F21′′ = 0, F22′′ = 2

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Praveen Kumar Jha and Khushboo Jha
9311377321, 9811377321
28. Find partial derivatives for (First and second order)

(a) Z = x 2 + y 2 (b) z = x 3 y + x 2 y 2

(c) Z = x 2 + 3y 2 (d) Z = xy

(e) Z = 5x 4 y 2 − 2xy5 (f) Z = e x + y

ex
(g) Z = e xy
(h) Z =
y
(i) Z = ln(x + y) (j) Z = ln(xy)

ln(x 2 + y 2 ) δ2 Z δ2 Z
29. If Z = , show that + =0
2 δx 2 δy 2

δp +q Z
30. Compute at (0,0) for the following
δy q δx p
(a) Z = e x ln(1 + y) (b) Z = e x + y (xy + y − 1)

1 δ  ux ′′y  1 δ  ux ′′y 
31. Prove that if u = Ax a y b then ,  =  
u x δx  ux ′uy′  uy′ δy  ux 'uy ' 

32. Determine Fxy, Fyx, Fxx and Fxxy, where F(x, y) = x 2 ye y .

33. Show that Fxyz = Fyzx = Fzyx for the function F(x, y, z) = xyz + x 2 y3 z 4 .

34. Determine Fx, Fy, Fz for following

(a) F(x,, z) = xy 2 + yz 3 + xyz (b) F(x, y, z) = xye z

x + y2 xy + yz
(c) F(x, y, z) = (d) F(x, y, z) =
z xz
(e) F(x, y, z) = ln(x + y 2 + z 3 )
Note. See e.g. 15.17 from book and Do Question 1 of Page 530.
TANGENT PLANES
35. Find the equation of tangent plane at
(a) at (1,1,5) for F(x,y) = x2 + 2xy + 2y2
(b) z = x2 + y2 at (1,2,5)
(c) z = (y – x2)(y – 2x2) at (1,3,2)
y
36. Prove that the tangent planes Z = x.   passes through the origin.
x
37. Find an equation for each horizontal tangent plane to the surface
(a) Z = 5 − x 2 − y 2 + 4y (b) Z = 4(x − 1) 2 + 3(y + 1) 2

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38. Show that the equation of the tangent plane at the point (x1,y1,z1) on
the surface Z = xy is given by y1x + x1 y − 2z1z = 0 (2018)
39. Find the equation of the tangent plane and the normal line to the
surface F(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 + e xy at (1,0,2) (2017)
HESSAIN MATRIX
40. Find the Hessian Matrix of a(A,B,T)
A
where a ( A, B, T ) = 122 + 3A – 25T – 75B2 −
B
41. Find Hesian matrix for
(a) F(x, y, z) = x 2 + y3 + z 4 (b) F(x, y, z) = e xyz
PARTIAL DERIVATIVES IN ECONOMICS
42. For the Cobb Doughlas Production function Explain the MPL, MPK,
MPT and law of diminishing returns
F(K, L, T) = AK a Lb T c (A, a, b, c are positive)
43. Computer FL′ and FK′ and discuss their sign for

F(K, L) = AK a Lb eCK /L
44. Let two demand functions for two products be
P1 = a1 − b1Q 2 , P2 = a 2 − b 2 Q 2

and total cost function C(Q) = α(Q1 + Q 2 )

45. Let a firm using quantities L1 and L2 of two types of labour as its only
input in order to produce output Q as Q = L1 + L2.
Let wages paid be w1 = α1 + β1L1, w2 = α2 + β1L2.
Assume that the firm is competitive then find max profit, optimal
labour demands and optimal wages.
46. Suppose two demand functions for price discrimination in two
separate markets are
P1 = 100 – Q1, P2 = 80 – Q2
and suppose that the cost function is C = 6(Q1 + Q2). How much
should be sold in the two market to maximize profits ? What are the
prices charged ? How much profit is lost if price discrimination is
made illegal ?
Ans. Q1 = 47, Q2 = 37, P1 = 53, P2 = 43, π = 3578, Loss of profit is 50
47. Refer Q44

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Praveen Kumar Jha and Khushboo Jha
9311377321, 9811377321
Calculate the loss of profit if the discriminating Monopolist is not
allowed to discriminate.
48. Refer Q45
Calculate loss of profit if the discriminating Monopolist is not allowed
to discriminate.
49. Find the nature of goods if they are competitive or substitutes
100 50
(a) x1 = 2
, x2 = Ans. Complementary
P1 P2 P1P22

(b) x1 = P1−00.2 e0.4P2 , x 2 = P2−0.5 e0.6P1 Ans. Substitutes

200
(c) x1 = 1000 + − 20P2
P1 + 2
500
x 2 = 1000 + − 50P2 Ans. Complementary
P1 + 4

(d) x = 4e− P/100q , y = 0.8e − q/ 200P Ans. Substitutes

50. The production function for a commodity is
Q = 10L − 0.1L2 + 15K − 0.2K 2 + 2kL , where L is labour, K is capital and Q is
production.
(i) Calculate the marginal products of the two inputs when 10
units each of labour and capital are used.
(ii) If 10 units of capital are used, what is the upper limit for use of
labour which a rational production will never exceed ?
Ans. (i) MPL = 28, MPK = 31 (ii) 150
51. For production function Z = x1x 2 , where Z is outputs and x1, x2 are
inputs, show that the average and marginal products of inputs depend
on the ratio of the factors.
QUADRATIC FORMS IN TWO VARIABLES
52. Discuss the definiteness properties of the five Quadrative forms
(a) x 2 + y 2 (b) (x + y) 2

(c) − x 2 − y 2 (d) −(x + y)2

(e) x 2 − y 2
53. Use to determine the definiteness of the following
(a) 4x2 + 8xy + 5y 2 (b) − x 2 + xy − 3y 2

(c) x 2 − 6xy + 9y 2 (d) 4x 2 − y 2

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Praveen Kumar Jha and Khushboo Jha
9311377321, 9811377321
1 2 1
(e) x − xy + y 2 (f) 6xy − 9y 2 − x 2
2 4
Ans. Positive definite, negative definite, positive semidefinite, indefinite,
indefinite, negative semidefinite.
54. Examine the definiteness of the following quadratic forms subject to
the given linear constraint
(a) x 2 − 2xy + y 2 such that x + y = 0 Ans. Positive

(b) 2x 2 − 4xy + y 2 such that 3x + 4y = 0 Ans. Positive

(c) − x 2 + xy − y 2 such that 5x − 2y = 0 Ans. Negative

Note.
Q = 9x 2 + 2bxy + Cy 2 is positive definite subject to the constraint Px + qy = 0

0 p q
⇔ p a b < 0 and vice versa.
q b c

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