The document discusses implementation of full adder and full subtractor using half adders. It also discusses decoders and how they can function as multiplexers. BCD to decimal decoder design and its truth table is explained. Encoders and their types like octal to binary encoder and decimal to binary encoder are also covered along with flip flops and latches.
The document discusses implementation of full adder and full subtractor using half adders. It also discusses decoders and how they can function as multiplexers. BCD to decimal decoder design and its truth table is explained. Encoders and their types like octal to binary encoder and decimal to binary encoder are also covered along with flip flops and latches.
The document discusses implementation of full adder and full subtractor using half adders. It also discusses decoders and how they can function as multiplexers. BCD to decimal decoder design and its truth table is explained. Encoders and their types like octal to binary encoder and decimal to binary encoder are also covered along with flip flops and latches.
The document discusses implementation of full adder and full subtractor using half adders. It also discusses decoders and how they can function as multiplexers. BCD to decimal decoder design and its truth table is explained. Encoders and their types like octal to binary encoder and decimal to binary encoder are also covered along with flip flops and latches.
2 Half Adders and an OR gate is required to implement a Full Adder.
OR Implementation of Full subtractor using Half Adders: What is a Full Subtractor? Full Subtractor also belongs to the class of a combinational circuit and is used to perform subtraction of two binary bits. The half-subtractor can only be used for subtraction of LSB bits, but if there occurs a case of borrow during subtraction of LSB bits, then it can have affected over subtraction in higher columns. Thus, we have a total of three inputs (two original bits and third is considering the borrow (Bin) of the previous stage) and two outputs Difference (D) and Borrow (Bout) respectively. The Truth Table of Full Subtractor can be written as,
A B Bin Difference (D) Borrow (Bout)
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
A Full-Subtractor can also be implemented using two half-subtractors and
one OR gate. The circuit diagram for this can be drawn as, Que 2 = simplify the following function using tabulation method {f(a,b,c,d)={0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14}
Tu krnaa
Que 3 = how decoder can work as a multiplexer explain
with truth table and the circuit diagram
A Decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary
information from input lines to unique output lines. Apart from the Input lines, a decoder may also have an Enable input line.
Decoder as a De-Multiplexer – A Decoder with Enable input can function as a demultiplexer. A demultiplexer is a circuit that receives information from a single line and directs it to one of possible output lines. A demultiplexer receives as input, selection lines and one Input line. These selection lines are used to select one output line out of possible lines. To implement a demultiplexer, we use a decoder with Enable input. The selection lines of the demultiplexer are the input lines that the decoder gets and the one input line of demultiplexer is the Enable input of the Decoder. Making 1:4 demultiplexer using 2:4 Decoder with Enable input. Let A, B be the selection lines and EN be the input line for the demultiplexer. The decoder shown below functions as a 2:4 demultiplexer when EN is taken as a data input line and A and B are taken as the selection inputs. The single input variable E has a path to all four outputs, but the input information is directed to only one of the output lines, as specified by the binary combination of the two selection lines A and B. This can be verified from the truth table of the circuit.
Truth Table- BCD to Decimal Decoder: Design & A BCD to decimal decoder is a combinational logic circuit that takes a BCD input and generates a decimal output by activating one of its output lines corresponding to the decimal value of the input. The decoder has four input lines for the BCD code and 10 output lines for the decimal digits (0 to 9).
Bcd = 4bit input lete hai aur decimal me 0-9 mtlb 10
outputs aate haii… Yha 0-9 used hai or 10-15- don’t care hai
BLOCK DIAGRAM bcd==>decimal
1. Encoders – An encoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts a set of inputs into a unique output code. The output code represents the position or identity of the active input. An encoder has 2^n input lines and n output lines, where n is the number of bits in the output code.
Octal to Binary encoder.
an octal-to-binary encoder takes 8 input lines and generates 3 output lines.
Truth Table –
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X Y Z D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X Y Z
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
X = D4 + D5 + D6 + D7 Y = D2 +D3 + D6 + D7 Z = D1 + D3 + D5 + D7 Hence, the encoder can be realised with OR gates as follows: A decimal-to-binary encoder is a digital circuit that converts a decimal number into its binary equivalent. It is also known as a decimal to BCD (binary-coded decimal) encoder.
Inputs Outputs
D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A3 A2 A1 A0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Flip-Flop : Flip-flop is a basic digital memory circuit, which stores one bit of information.Flip flops are the fundamental blocks of most sequential circuits. It is also known as a bistable multivibrator or a binary or one-bit memory. Flip-flops are used as memory elements in sequential circuit.
The output is obtained in a sequential circuit from
combinational circuit or flip-flop or both. The state of flip-flop changes at active state of clock pulses and remains unaffected when the clock pulse is not active. In particular, clocked flip flops serve as memory elements in synchronous sequential Circuits and unclocked flip- flops (i.e., latches) serve as memory elements in asynchronous sequential circuits. Latch : Latch is an electronic device, which changes its output immediately based on the applied input. It is used to store either 1 or 0 at any specified time.
This latch is called SR-latch, which stands
for set and reset. The SR-latch is meant to have at most one of its inputs equal to 1 at any time. When both of its inputs are 0 it has two different stable states possible. Either x is 0, in which case we have the following signal values:
or else x is 1, in which case we have the following signal values:
