10 vIN , swieMs, pMjwbI mwiDAm, trm-1 (2023-2024) dw islybs

AiDAwie-5 jYivk pRikirAwvW

AiDAwie AMdrly pRSn
pRSn 1- mnu`KW ijhy bhusY`lI jIvW nUM AwksIjn dI loV pUrI krn iv`c pRsrx ikauN kwPI nhIN?
aùqr- ikauNik mnùKW ijhy bhusỲlI jIvW dy swry sY`l vwqwvrn dy is`Dy sMprk iv`c nhIN huMdy[ ies leI pRsrx ivDI nwl swry
sỲl AwksIjn nhIN lY skdy[
pRSn 2- koeI vsqU jIvq hY, ies dw inrxw krn leI AsIN ikhVy mwpdMf dw aupXog krdy hW?
au~qr- jIvq vsqUAW (jIv) iv`c swh ikirAw, pRjxn, ml inkws Aqy vwDw Awid gux huMdy hn[
pRSn 3- iksy jIv duAwrw ikhVI bwhrlI k`cI sm`grI dI vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY?
aùqr- prpoSI jIv AwksIjn, pwxI Aqy Bojn bwhroN gRihx krdy hn[ svYpoSI (pOdy) kwrbn fweIAwksweIf gYs, pwxI Aqy
AwksIjn vwXUmMfl iv`coN lYNdy hn[
pRSn 4- jIvn dI r`iKAw leI qusIN ikhVIAW pRikirAwvW nUM jrUrI smJdy ho[
aùqr- (1) poSx, (2) swh ikirAw, (3) pirvihn, (4) ml inkws Awid[
pRSn 5- svYpoSI poSx Aqy prpoSI poSx iv`c kI AMqr hY?
aùqr- svYpoSI poSx- ies iv`c jIv Awpxw Bojn Awp AjYivk pdwrQW ijvyN kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy pwxI qoN sUrj dI
rOSxI dI mOjUdgI iv`c bxwauNdy hn[ audwhrx vjoN pOdy Aqy hrI nIlI kweI svYpoSI poSx krdy hn[
prpoSI poSx- ies iv`c jIv Bojn leI dUjy jIvW jW pOidAW qy inrBr krdy hn[ audwhrx vjoN- mnùK smyq swry jMq U
prpoSI poSx krdy hn[
pRSn 6- podw pRkwS sMSlySx leI jrUrI k~cI sm`grI ikQoN lYNdw hY?
aùqr- pOdy pRkwS sMSlySx leI kwrbn fweIAwksweIf vwXUmMfl qoN, pwxI im`tI qoN Aqy pRkwS sUrj qoN lYNdy hn[
pRSn 7- swfy imhdy iv`c qyzwb dI kI mh`qqw hY?
aùqr- swfy imhdy iv`c qyzwb bYktIrIAw nUM mwrdw hY Aqy pYpisn AYnzweIm dI ikirAw leI qyzwbI mwiDAm iqAwr krdw
hY[
pRSn 8:- pwck AYzweImW dw kI kwrj hY?
aùqr- pwck AYnzweIm Bojn dy gMuJldwr AxUAW nUM srl AxUAW iv`c qoVdy hn[
pRSn 9- pcy hoey Bojn nUM jzb krn leI CotI AWdr nUM ikvyN ifzwien kIqw igAw hY?
aùqr- pcy Bojn nUM CotI AWdr dIAW AMdrlIAw kMDW jzb krdIAW hn [CotI Awdr dI AMdrlI sqh aùpr auNglIAW vrgy
AnykW auBwr huMdy hn ijMnHW nUM ivlweI AwKdy hn[ ieh jzb krn vwlI sqh dw KyqrPl vDw idMdy hn[ ivlweI iv`c bhuq
swrIAW KUn dIAW vihxIAW huMdIAW hn jo pcy Bojn nUM jzb krky srIr dy hr ie`k sY~l q`k phuMcwauNdIAW hn[
pRSn-10 swh ikirAw leI AwksIjn pRwpq krn dy p`K qoN ie`k jlI jIv dy twkry ie`k sQlI jIv iks pRkwr lwB
iv`c hY?
aùqr- jlI jIv pwxI iv`c GulI hoeI AwksIjn pRwpq krdy hn[ pwxI iv`c GulI hoeI AwksIjn dI mwqrw G`t hox kwrn jlI
jIvW nUM qyzI nwl swh lYxw pYNdw hY[ pr dUjy pwsy sQlI jIv vwXUmMfl iv`coN AwksIjn pRwpq krdy hn[vwXUmMfl iv`c vDyry
AwksIjn hox krky sQlI jIvW iv`c swh ikirAw dI dr G`t huMdI hY[
pRSn 11- jIvW iv`c gulUkoz dy AwksIkrn qoN aUrjw pRwpq krn dy iBMn-iBMn p`Q kI hn?
aùqr- gulUkoz iqMn kwrbnW vwly AxU pwierUvyt iv`c sỲl pdwrQ iv`c tùtdw hY[ pwierUvyt A`gy v`K-v`K ivDIAW nwl tùt ky
aUrjw auqpMn krdw hY[
(1) KmIr sỲlW iv`c KmIrn ikirAw dOrwn pwierUvyt eIQynol, kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy aUrjw iv`c bdl jWdw hY[ies
ikirAw nUM Ax-AwksI swh ikirAw kihMdy hn[
(2) sỲl dy mweItokWfRIAw iv`c pwierUvyt AwksIjn dI mOjUdgI iv`c pwxI, kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy aUrjw iv`c bdl jWdw
hY[ies ikirAw nUM AwksI swh ikirAw kihMdy hn[

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(3) keI vwr AwksIjn dI kmI iv`c pwierUvyt swfy pySI sỲlW iv`c lYkitk qyzwb Aqy aurjw iv`c bdl jWdw hY[ies ikirAw
nUM Ax-AwksI swh ikirAw kihMdy hn[
pRSn 12- mnu`KW iv`c AwksIjn Aqy kwrbn fweIAwksweIf dw pirvihn ikvyN huMdw hY?
aùqr- (1) AwksIjn dw pirvihn KUn ivcly hImogloibn rwhIN PyPiVAW qoN srIr dy v`K-v`K sY`lW q`k DmxIAW rwhIN huMdw hY[
(2) kwrbn fweIAwksweIf KUn iv`c vDyry GulxSIl huMdI hY, ies leI ieh KUn dy plwzmw iv`c GuL ky itSUAW qoN PyPiVAW
q`k iSrwvW rwhIN pirvihn krdI hY[ies dw pirvihn hImogloibn duAwrw vI huMdw hY[
pRSn 13- gYsW dy vtWdry leI vDyry KyqrPl pRwpq krn leI mnùKI PyPiVAW dI bxqr iv`c kI Kws gux hY? iehnW nUM
ikvyN ifzwien kIqw igAw hY?
aùqr- PyPiVAW iv`c gubwry vrgIAW AYlivElweI jW hvw QYlIAW huMdIAW hn jo gYsW dI Adlw bdlI leI vDyry KyqrPl vwlI
sqh auplbD krwauNdIAW hn[AYlivElweI dIAW kMDW iv`c lhU vihxIAW dw ivsiqRq jwl huMdw hY, ijs nwl PyPiVAW Aqy KUn
iv`c gYsW dw vtWdrw huMdw hY[
pRSn 14- mnùK iv`c lhU gyV pRxwlI dy Gtk ikhVy hn? iehnW GtkW dy kI kwrj hn?
aùqr- mnu`K iv`c lhU gyV pRxwlI dy Gtk idl, lhU Aqy lhU vihxIAW hn[
(1) idl dw kwrj- idl AwksIjn rihq lhU nUM srIr dy v`K-v`K BwgW qoN PyPiVAW q`k Aqy AwksIjn vwly lhU nUM srIr
dy v`K-v`K BwgW q`k pMp krdw hY[
(2) lhU dy kwrj- srIr dy v`K-v`K BwgW q`k Bojn, AwksIjn, hwrmon Awid lhU rwhIN phuMcdy hn[ lhU PwlqU pdwrQW
nUM bwhr k`Fx Aqy srIr dy qwpmwn nUM siQr r`Kx iv`c vI mdd krdw hY[
(3) lhU vihxIAW dw kwrj- srIr dy v`K-v`K BwgW q`k lhU idl qoN pMp ho ky lhU vihxIAW (DmxIAW Aqy iSrwvW) rwhIN
hI jWdw hY[
pRSn 15- QxDwrIAW Aqy pMCIAW iv`c AwksIjn Xukq Aqy AwksIjn rihq lhU nUM v`K r`Kxw ikauN jrUrI hY?
aùqr- QxDwrIAW Aqy pMCIAW iv`c v`D aUrjw dI loV huMdI hY Aqy srIr dw qwpmwn siQr r`Kxw jrUrI huMdw hY[ies leI
AwksIjn Xukq Aqy AwksIjn rihq lhU nUM v`K r`Kxw jrUrI huMdw hY[
pRSn 16- au`c sMgiTq pOidAW iv`c pirvihn pRxwlI dy ikhVy Gtk hn?
aù`qr- zwielm Aqy Ploiem[
jVHW qoN pwxI Aqy Kixj zwielm itSU rwhIN p`iqAW q`k phuMcwieAw jWdw hY[
p`iqAw iv`c iqAwr hoieAw Bojn jW Kurwk pOdy dy bwkI ih`isAW q`k Ploiem itSU rwhIN aUrjw dy aupXog nwl phuMcdw hY[
pRSn 17- pOidAW iv`c pwxI Aqy Kixj lUxW dw vihn ikvyN huMdw hY?
aùqr- pody pwxI iv`c GuLy hoey Kixj lUx jVH romW rwhIN pRsrx ivDI rwhIN gRihx krdy hn[ jVHW qoN pwxI Aqy Kixj zwielm
itSU rwhIN p`iqAW q`k phuMcwieAw jWdw hY[ies ikirAw iv`c vwSp-auqrsrjn vI mh`qvpUrn rol Adw krdw hY[
pRSn 18- pOidAW iv`c Kurwk dw sQnWqrx ikvyN huMdw hY?
aùqr- p`iqAw iv`c iqAwr hoieAw Bojn jW Kurwk pOdy dy bwkI ih`isAW q`k Ploiem itSU rwhIN aUrjw dy aupXog nwl phuMcdw
hY[ sukroz ijhy pdwrQ Ploiem itSU iv`c ey.tI.pI. qoN pRwpq aUrjw nwl hI sQwnWqirq huMdy hn[ieh itSU dw pRsrx dbwE
vDw idMdy hn ijs kwrn pwxI ies iv`c pRvyS kr jWdw hY[ieh dbwE pdwrQW nUM Ploiem qoN aus itSU q`k lY jWdw hY ij`Qy ik
dbwE G`t huMdw hY[
pRSn 19- nYPrwn dI rcnw Aqy kwrj ivDI dI ivAwiKAw kro[
aùqr- nYPrwn gurdy dIAW iPltrIkrn iekweIAW hn[hr gurdy iv`c lgBg 1 qoN 1.5 imlIAn nYPrwn huMdy hn[nYPrwn dy mùK
Bwg bomYn kYpisaUl Aqy mUqr iek`Tw krn vwlIAW nlIAW hn[bomYn kYpisaUl iv`c lhU koiSkwvW dw gùCw huMdw hY ijs nUM
glomYrUls kihMdy hn[
ies dI kwrj ivDI dy iqMn pVwA hn:
(1) iPltrIkrn- glomYruls iv`coN lhU iv`c mOjUd vwDU pdwrQ ijvyN XUrIAw jW XUirk AYisf Awid iPltr ho ky bomYn
kYpisaUl iv`c cly jWdy hn[ ies nUM AwrMiBk iPltryt kihMdy hn[ies iv`c gulUkoz, AmIno qyzwb, lUx Aqy pwxI vI
huMdw hY[

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(2) muV soKx- jdoN AwrIiBk iPltryt nYPrwn dy nwlIdwr ih`isAW iv`coN lMGdw hY qW ies iv`coN gulUkoz, AmIno qyzwb, kùJ
lUx Aqy loV Anuswr pwxI muV lhU vihxIAW iv`c soKy jWdy hn[ie`Qy iPltryt kùJ sMGxw ho jWdw hY[
(3) jykr pwxI v`D mwqrw iv`c hovy qW mUqr iek`qr krn vwlIAW nwlIAW iv`coN pwxI hor soKq ho jWdw hY[ hr ie`k gurdy
iv`c bxn vwlw mUqr AMq iv`c ie`k lMbI vihxI iv`c pRvyS krdw hY, jo gurdy nUM mUqr mswny nwl joVdI hY[

pRSn 20- ml auqpwdW qoN Cutkwrw pwaux leI pOdy ikhVIAW ivDIAW vrqdy hn?
aùqr- (1) pody PwlqU pwxI nUM vwSp auqsrjn rwhIN bwhr k`Fdy hn[
(2) pOdy PwlqU gYsW nUM p`iqAW dy stomYtw rwhIN bwhr k`Fdy hn[
(3) gUMd Aqy ryizn Awid s`k dy CydW (lYNtIsY`l) rwhIN bwhr k`Fdy hn[
(4) ies qoN ielwvw pOdy p`qy JVn nwl vI kùJ ml auqpwdW qoN Cutkwrw pwauNdy hn[
pRSn 21- mUqr bxn dI mwqrw ikvyN inXimq huMdI hY?
aùqr- mUqr bxn dI mwqrw guridAW rwhIN inXimq huMdI hY[ mUqr dI mwqrw vwDU pwxI, mUqr vrDk pdwrQ (cwh, kOPI
Awid) Aqy pwxI iv`c Guly hoey ivArQ pdwrQW dI mwqrw qy inrBr krdI hY[
AiBAws dy pRSn-au`qr
pRSn 1- mnu`K iv`c gurdy ie`k qMqr pRxwlI dw Bwg hn jo sMbMiDq hY :
(a) poSx (b) swh ikirAw
(c) ml iqAwg ✓ (d) pirvihn
pRSn 2- pOidAW iv`c zwielm dw kMm hY :
(a) pwxI dw pirvihn ✓ (b) Bojn dw pirvihn
(c) AmIno qyzwb dw pirvihn (d) AwksIjn dw pirvihn
pRSn 3- svYpoSI poSx leI jrUrI hY :
(a) kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy pwxI (b) kloroiPl
(c) sUrj dw pRkwS (d) auprokq swry ✓
pRSn 4- pwierUvyt dy ivKMfn nwl kwrbn fweIAwksweIf, pwxI Aqy qwp aUrjw dyx dI pRiqikirAw vwprdI hY :
(a) sweItoplwzm iv`c (b) mweItokwNfrIAw iv`c ✓

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(c) kloroplwst iv`c (d) inaUklIAs iv`c
pRSn 5- swfy srIr iv`c PYts (crbI) dw pwcn ikvyN huMdw hY? ieh pRikirAw ik`Qy huMdI hY?
aùqr- CotI AWdr iv`c crbI v`fIAW golIAW dy rUp iv`c huMdI hY[ip`qw rs auhnW nUM qoV ky CotIAW golIAW iv`c bdl idMdw hY
ijs nwl AYnzweIm dI kwrjSIlqw vD jWdI hY[ lùbw gRMQI lùbw rs C`fdI hY ijs iv`c crbI dy pwcx leI lweIpyz
AYnzweIm huMdw hY[ CotI AWdr dIAW kMDW iv`c gRMQIAW huMdIAW hn jo AWdr rs C`fdIAW hn[ ies iv`c mOjUd AYnzweIm AMq
iv`c PYts nUM PYtI qyzwbW Aqy gilsrwl iv`c bdl idMdy hn[ ieh pRikirAw CotI AWdr iv`c huMdI hY[
pRSn 6- Bojn dy pwcn iv`c lwr dI kI mh`qqw hY?
aùqr- lwr iv`c AmweIlyz AYnzweIm huMdw hY jo stwrc dy jitl AxUAW nUM ApGitq krky srl SUgr iv`c bdl idMdw hY[
pRSn 7- svYpoSI poSx leI jrUrI pirsiQqIAW ikhVIAW hn Aqy ies dy sihaupj kI hn?
aùqr- p`iqAW iv`c kloroiPl, pwxI, kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy sUrjI pRkwS dI mOjUdgI pRkwS sMSlySx leI jrUrI
pirsiQqIAW hn[ ies dy sih aupj Bojn (kerbohweIfRyt) Aqy AwksIjn hn[
sUrj dI rOSnI/ kloroiPl

kwrbn fweIAwksweIf gYs + pwxI gulUkoj + AwksIjn gYs

pRSn 8- AwksI swh ikirAw Aqy Ax-AwksI swh ikirAw iv`c kI AMqr hn?
aùqr-
AwksI swh ikirAw Ax-AwksI swh ikirAw
1. ieh AwksIjn dI mOjUdgI iv`c huMdI hY[ 1. ieh AwksIjn dI gYr mOjUdgI iv`c huMdI hY[
2. ies iv`c Bojn dw pUrw ApGtn huMdw hY[ 2. ies iv`c Bojn dw pUrw ApGtn nhIN huMdw[
3. ies iv`c kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy pwxI bxdy hn[ 3. ies iv`c kwrbn fweIAwksweIf Aqy eIQynol
(XIst sỲl) jW lYkitk AYisf (pySI sỲl) bxdy hn[
4. ies iv`c v`D aUrjw pYdw huMdI hY[ 4. ies iv`c G`t aUrjw pYdw huMdI hY[
5. ieh ikirAw sỲl dy mweItokWfrIAw iv`c huMdI hY[ 5. ieh ikirAw XIst sỲlW jW pySI sỲlW iv`c huMdI hY[

pRSn 9- gYsW dy vtWdry leI AYlivElweI dI bxqr ikvyN hY?

aùqr- PyPiVAW iv`c gubwry vrgIAW AYlivElweI jW hvw QYlIAW huMdIAW hn jo gYsW dI Adlw bdlI leI vDyry KyqrPl vwlI
sqh auplbD krwauNdIAW hn[AYlivElweI dIAW kMDW iv`c lhU vihxIAW dw ivsiqRq jwl huMdw hY, ijs nwl PyPiVAW Aqy KUn
iv`c gYsW dw vtWdrw huMdw hY[
pRSn 10- swfy srIr iv`c hImogloibn dI Gwt dy kI is`ty ho skdy hn?
aùqr- hImogloibn dI Gwt nwl srIr dy sỲlW q`k shI mwqrw iv`c AwksIjn nhIN phuMcdI, srIr pIlw pY jWdw hY, kmjorI ho
jWdI hY Aqy AnImIAw rog ho jWdw hY[
pRSn 11-mnùK AMdr lhU gyV (c`kr) pRxwlI iv`c dUhry c`kr dI ivAwiKAw kro[ ieh ikauN jrUrI hY?
aùqr- AwksIjn Xukq Aqy AwksIjn rihq lhU idl iv`c do vwrI c`kr k`Fdw hY, ies nUM dUhrI lhU gyV pRxwlI kihMd y
hn[AwksIjn Xukq lhU PyPiVAW qoN pqlIAW kMDW vwly K`by AwrIkl iv`c jWdw hY, iPr K`bw AwrIkl sMgVdw hY qW K`bw
vYNtrIkl PYldw hY Aqy lhU aus iv`c dwKl ho jWdw hY[jdoN K`bw vYNtrIkl sMgVdw hY qW lhU srIr dy v`K-v`K BwgW v`l pMp ho
jWdw hY[
hux s`jw AwrIkl PYldw hY qW srIr qoN AwksIjn rihq lhU s`jy AwrIkl iv`c Aw jWdw hY[ ijvyN hI s`jw AwrIkl
sMgVdw hY qW s`jw vYNtrIkl PYl jWdw hY[ ies nwl AwksIjn rihq lhU s`jy vYNtrIkl iv`c clw jWdw hY, s`jw vYNtrIkl lhU
nuM AwksIjn lYx leI PyPiVAW v`l pMp kr idMdw hY[
mnùK iv`c dUhrI lhU gyV pRxwlI ies leI jrUrI hY qW jo AwksIjn Xukq lhU Aqy AwksIjn rihq lhU Awps iv`c rl
nW sky Aqy v`D aUrjw dI loV pUrI krn leI v`D AwksIjn swry BwgW q`k phuMcdI rhy [

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pRSn 12- zwielm Aqy Ploiem iv`c pdwrQW dy pirvihn iv`c kI AMqr hY?
aùqr-
zwielm Ploiem
1. zwielm pOidAW dIAW jVHW qoN pwxI Aqy KixjW nUM p`iqAW
2. Ploiem pOidAW dy p`iqAw iv`c bixAw Bojn bwkI ih`isAW
q`k phuMcwauNdy hn[ q`k phuMcwauNdy hn[
2. ies iv`c mry hoey sỲl huMdy hn[ 2. ies iv`c jIvq sỲl huMdy hn[
3. ies iv`c pwxI dI gqI au`pr v`l huMdI hY[ 3. ies iv`c Bojn dI gqI au`pr Aqy hyTW dovyN pwsy
v`l huMdI hY[
4. ies iv`c BOiqk blW nwl pirvihn huMdw hY[ 4. ies iv`c pirvihn ATP qoN pRwpq aUrjw nwl
huMdw hY[
pRSn 13- PyPiVAW iv`c AYlivElweI Aqy guridAW iv`c nYPrwn dy kMm dI qulnw bxqr Aqy kwrj dy ADwr qy kro[
aùqr-

AYlivElweI nYPrwn
1. ieh PyPiVAW dI kwrj krn vwlI iekweI hY[ 1. ieh guridAW dI kwrj krn vwlI iekweI hY[
2. ie`k PyPVy iv`c lgBg 30 kroV AYlivElweI 2. ie`k gurdy iv`c lgBg 10 l`K nYPrwn huMdy hn[
huMdy hn[
3. AYlivElweI gYsW dy vtWdry leI vDyry sqhI 3. iehnW dw KyqrPl vDyry nhIN huMdw[
KyqrPl pRdwn krdy hn[
4. ieh AwksIjn Aqy kwrbn fweIAwksweIf dw 4. ieh pwxI Aqy lUxW dI mwqrw nUM kMtrol krdy hn[
vtWdrw krdy hn[

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pRSn 14- mnùKI idl dw lybl kIqw ic`qr bxwE[
aùqr-

pRSn-15 mnùKI ml inkws pRxwlI dw lybl kIqw ic`qr bxwE[

aùqr-

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pRSn 16- mnu`KI pwcx pRxwlI dw lybl kIqw ic`qr bxwE[
aùqr-

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