Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

SRI KRISHNA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND
DATA SCIENCE

Academic Year 2023-24

Faculty Handling
G. Sumalatha
Assistant Professor
Department of computer Technology
SKASC 1
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08
SRI KRISHNA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND
DATA SCIENCE

COURSE NAME : Relational Database Management System

COURSE CODE : 22CTU08
CLASS ROOM CODE : vcpp3ll

UNIT 5 – Handling Exceptions

SKASC 2
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

AGENDA
Recognize unhandled exceptions
List and useDefine PL/SQL exceptions
different types of PL/SQL exception handlers
Trap unanticipated errors
Describe the effect of exception propagation in nested blocks
Customize PL/SQL exception messages

SKASC 3
 Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

EXCEPTIONS
TOPIC LINK
Handling exception
https://youtu.be/P4U7Gzc2C3I
and types
Trapping of non
predefined oracle
https://youtu.be/itkqAotJp9c
server errors

SKASC 4
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
•Recognize unhandled exceptions
•List and useDefine PL/SQL exceptions
• different types of PL/SQL exception handlers
•Trap unanticipated errors
•Describe the effect of exception propagation in nested blocks
•Customize PL/SQL exception messages

SKASC 5
 Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Example of an
Exception
DECLARE
v_lname VARCHAR2(15);
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_lname
FROM employees
WHERE first_name='John';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('John''s last name is :'
||v_lname);
END;

SKASC 6
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Example of an Exception
DECLARE
v_lname VARCHAR2(15);
BEGIN
SELECT last_name INTO v_lname
FROM employees
WHERE first_name='John';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('John''s last name is :'
||v_lname);
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (' Your select statement
retrieved multiple rows. Consider using a
cursor.');
END;
/

SKASC 7
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Handling Exceptions with PL/SQL

◼ An exception is a PL/SQL error that is raised during

program execution.
◼ An exception can be raised:
Implicitly by the Oracle server
Explicitly by the program
◼ An exception can be handled:
By trapping it with a handler
By propagating it to the calling environment

SKASC 8
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Handling Exceptions

Is the
exception Terminat
trapped? N e
o abruptly.

Ye
s
Exceptio Execute Propagate
n statements the
is raised. in the EXCEPTION
exception.
section.

Terminate
gracefully.

SKASC 9
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Exception Types
– Predefined Oracle server
– Non-predefined Oracle server

– User-defined

SKASC 10
 Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Trapping Exceptions
Syntax:

EXCEPTION
WHEN exception1 [OR exception2 . . .] THEN
statement1;
statement2;
. . .
[WHEN exception3 [OR exception4 . . .] THEN
statement1;
statement2;
. . .]
[WHEN OTHERS THEN
statement1;
statement2;
. . .]

SKASC 11
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

WHEN OTHERS Exception Handler

The exception-handling section traps only those exceptions that
are specified; any other exceptions are not trapped unless you use
the OTHERS exception handler.
This traps any exception not yet handled.
For this reason, OTHERS may be used, and if used it must be the
last exception handler that is defined.
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
statement1;
...
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
statement1;
...
WHEN OTHERS THEN
statement1;

SKASC 12
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Guidelines for Trapping

Exceptions
◼ The EXCEPTION keyword starts the
exception-handling section.
◼ Several exception handlers are allowed.
◼ Only one handler is processed before leaving the
block.
◼ WHEN OTHERS is the last clause.

SKASC 13
 Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Trapping Predefined Oracle

Server Errors
◼ Reference the predefined name in the exception-handling
routine.
◼ Sample predefined exceptions:
NO_DATA_FOUND
TOO_MANY_ROWS
INVALID_CURSOR
ZERO_DIVIDE
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
SKASC 14
 Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Trapping Non-Predefined
Oracle Server Errors
Non-predefined exceptions are similar to predefined exceptions;
however, they are not defined as PL/SQL exceptions in the Oracle server.
They are standard Oracle errors. You create exceptions with standard
Oracle errors by using the PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT function.
Such exceptions are called non-predefined exceptions.
You can trap a non-predefined Oracle server error by declaring it first.
The declared exception is raised implicitly.
In PL/SQL, PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT tells the compiler to
associate an exception name with an Oracle error number.
That enables you to refer to any internal exception by name and to write
a specific handler for it.

SKASC 15
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Trapping Non-Predefined
Oracle Server Errors

Declar Associat Referenc

e e e

Declarative EXCEPTION
section section
Name the Use PRAGMA Handle the raised
exception. EXCEPTION_INIT. exception.

SKASC 16
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

Non-Predefined Error

1. Declare the name of the exception in the declarative section.

Syntax:
exception EXCEPTION;
In the syntax, exception is the name of the exception.

2.Associate the declared exception with the standard Oracle server

error number using the PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT function.
Syntax:
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(exception, error_number);
In the syntax, exception is the previously declared exception and
error_number is a standard Oracle server error number.

3. Reference the declared exception within the corresponding

exception-handling routine.
SKASC 17
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

SUMMARY

Recognize unhandled exceptions

List and useDefine PL/SQL exceptions
different types of PL/SQL exception handlers
Trap unanticipated errors
Describe the effect of exception propagation in nested blocks
Customize PL/SQL exception messages

SKASC 18
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

KEYWORDS

Exceptions
Usedefine PL/SQL Exceptions
Exception Handlers
Unanticipated Errors
Exception Propagation In Nested Blocks
Exception Messages

SKASC 19
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

MCQ

1. How many types of exception are there in sql? *

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
c) 5

SKASC 20
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

MCQ

2. Name the exception which is raised when a null object is automatically

assigned a value?

a) CASE_NOT_FOUND
b) COLLECTION_IS_NULL
c) ACCESS_INTO_NULLd
d) DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX

SKASC 21
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

MCQ

3.What is oracle error code for exception COLLECTION_IS_NULL? *

a) "06530"
b) "06592"
c) "06531"
d) "01722"

SKASC 22
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

MCQ

4. An exception is an error condition during a program execution.

*
a) TRUE
b) FALSE
c) CAN BE TRUE OR FALSE
d) CANNOT SAY

SKASC 23
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

MCQ

5.The default exception will be handled using? *

a) Default Keyword
b) WHEN THEN Keyword
c) WHEN Keyword
d) WHEN others THEN Keyword

SKASC 24
Relational Database Management System- 22CTU08

NEXT SESSION

Handling Exceptions

SKASC 25