Earth and Space Science 2019

(1) Which one of the following factors does not affect the scale of the air photographs?
(A) Focal length
(B) Flying height
(C) Ground elevation
(D) None of these
(2) Which one of the following statements regarding remote sensing is correct?
(A) The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with the target
(B) The emission of electromagnetic radiation from the target
(C) Both (a) and (b)
(D) Neither (a) nor (b)
(3) The optical property of a water body depends on:
(A) Absorption by the dissolved material
(B) Absorption by the suspended particulate matter
(C) Scattering by the suspended particulate matter
(D) All of these
(4) The object of photo-interpretation is:
(A) Identification
(B) Recognition of objects
(C) Judging the significance of objects
(D) All of these
(5) Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the GPS satellites?
(A) The nominal altitude is about 20,200 km
(B) The inclination of axis satellite is 55°
(C) The satellite transmits two L band signals
(D) All of these
(6) Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) During the day, earth reflects solar radiation
(B) During the day, earth reflects both solar radiations the emission from its surface
(C) During the night, earth emits radiation from its surface
(D) All of these
(7) Remote sensing techniques make use of the properties of emitted, reflected or diffracted
by the sensed objects:
(A) Electric waves
(B) Sound waves
(C) Electromagnetic waves
(D) Wind waves
(8) Which one of the following statement is incorrect regarding the electromagnetic radiation?
(A) These are produced by the motion of electric charge
(B) The oscillation of charged particles sets up changing electric fields
(C) The changing electric fields induce the changing magnetic fields in the surrounding medium
(D) None of these
(9) The ratio of the total solar radiant energy returned by a planetary body to the total radiant energy
incident on the body, the called:
(A) Reflectance
(B) Reflectance factor
(C) Albedo
(D) None of these Answer: Option C

(10) Due to scan geometry of a satellite sensor:

(A) The off-nadir resolution is degraded
(B) The ground distance swept by the senor.
(C) The details towards the edge of the scan get compressed
(D) All of these
11- Which one of the following statement is correct?
(A) Radiant energy expressed in Joules, is the energy associated with electromagnetic radiation
(B) The rate of transfer of radiant energy is called flux and is expressed in watts
(C) The radiant energy which falls upon a surface is termed as irradiance
(D) All of these

12- Pick up the correct statement from the following:

(A) The surface defined by the locus of points having same phase, is called a wave front
(B) The wave whose surface of constant phase are parallel planes, is known as a plane wave
(C) The relative phase difference between the waves is important and not the absolute phase of a
point on the wave
(D) All of these

15- Which one of the following helps to identify the objects on the earth surface?
(A) Atmospheric window
(B) Signature
(C) Radiometric error
(D) None of these

16- For interpolation of satellite data used for monitoring dynamic changes that occurs on the earth
surface, the most suitable orbit for the satellite is:
(A) Circular orbit
(B) Sun-synchronous orbit
(C) Near polar orbit
(D) None of these
17- The phase difference of the waves 1 and 2 at A in the given figure is:

(A) ℼ/4
(B) ℼ/2
(C) ℼ
(D) 3ℼ/2

18- The various stages occurring in GPS system are described below:
1. Generation of an output to the user
2. Detection of the GPS signals
3. Processing the data in the built-in-computer
4. Decoding the GPS signal.
The correct sequence of the stages is:
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4
(B) 2, 3, 4, 1
(C) 2, 4, 3, 1
(D) 3, 1, 2 , 4

19-Geodimeter is based on:

(A) Propagation of modulated light waves
(B) Propagation of infrared radiation
14
(C) The visible light as carrier with frequency of the order of 5 × 10 Hz
(D) High frequency radio waves

20- The code based GPS receivers are generally used for:
(A) Vehicle tracking
(B) Land navigation
(C) Trans movement
(D) All of these

21- The arrangement of terrain features which provides attributes: the shape, size and texture of
objects, is called:
(A) Spectral variation
(B) Spatial variation
(C) Temporal variation
(D) None of these

23- Earth observations from a satellite platform provide:

(A) Synoptic view of a large area
(B) Constant solar zenith angles and similar illumination conditions
(C) Repetitive observations of the same area with intervals of a few minutes to a few weeks
(D) All of these

24- Which one of the following residual biases involves the GPS accuracy?
(A) Satellite dependent biases due to uncertainty in the orbital parameters of the satellite
(B) Receiver-dependent biases due to clock stability with line
(C) Signal propagation biases due to the sphere and troposphere propagation
(D) All the above

25- A and B are two towers of equal height diametrically opposite on either side of the nadir point, at 3
km and 5 km distances. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) Height displacement of A will be less than that of B
(B) Height displacement of B will be less than that of A
(C) Height displacement of A and B is equal
(D) Height displacement of A and B will be towards each other
26- Consider the following statements regarding the satellite imaging:
1. The satellite orbit is fixed in the inertial space
2. During successive across-track imaging, the earth rotates beneath the sensor
3. The satellite images a skewed area
Which one of the following statements is/are correct?
(A) 1, 2, 3
(B) 1, 3
(C) 2, 3
(D) 1, 2

27- The spectral region of the electromagnetic radiation which passes through the atmosphere without
much attenuation is known as:
(A) Ozone hole
(B) Atmospheric window
(C) Ozone window
(D) Black hole

29- The instruments which provide electromagnetic radiation of specified wave length or a band of wave
lengths to illuminate the earth surface are called:
(A) Sensors
(B) Passive sensors
(C) Active sensors
(D) None of these

30- Spatial variation in horizontal and vertical directions is caused due to:
(A) Physical weathering of rocks
(B) Chemical weathering of rocks
(C) Biological weathering of rocks
(D) All of these

32- Pick up the correct statement from the following:

(A) Permeability is a measure of conducting the magnetic lines of force in the material
(B) Permeability is a measure of the extent to which magnetic lines of force can penetrate a medium
(C) Permeability is expressed as the ratio of the magnetic flux density (B) to the field strength of the
magnetizing field
(D) All of these

33- "An Electromagnetic wave falls on to a boundary between two losses less homogeneous media with
different refractive indices, a part of the wave is reflected back to the incident medium and the rest is
transmitted on to the second media". This phenomenon is known as:
(A) Fresnel reflection
(B) Fresnel refraction
(C) Snell's law
(D) None of these

34- A passive sensor uses:

(A) Sun as the source of energy
(B) Flash light as a source of energy
(C) Its own source of energy
(D) None of these

35- In case of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic radiation,

(A) Angle of incidence = angle of refraction

(B) Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
(C) Angle of refraction = sum of the angles of incidence and refraction
(D) All the above

1. Remote Sensing is:

A) always done close up
B) deployed from a camera and video camera
C) deployed from a plane or satellite
D) deployed from a computer
2. Infrared sensing is used to help map
A) non-living objects
B) cold blooded organisms
C) animals that have died
D) animals and plants

3. What sensing is used under water to detect things?

A) Radar
B) Infrared
C) Sonar
D) Microwave

4. The French used what two items to create maps in the 1800's
A. Hot Air Balloon and a Primitive Camera
B. A Parachute and an Artist to Draw what he saw
C. A Spy Plane and a 35mm Camera
D. Planes and Satellites

6- What is passive sensing?

A. Where the satellite or aircraft produces or beams a signal towards the object or land.
B. Where information is recorded just from the sunlight bouncing off objects.
C. Where images are produced by computer, not actively by humans.
D. Where you don't have to move to produce an image.

15. What is remote sensing?

A. Ability to gather information about a distant or unseen target using paranormal means or extra-sensory
perception
B. Small or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon not in physical or
intimate contact
C. Electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-
sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements
D. Allowing graphical applications to be run remotely on a server, while being displayed locally
E. Any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to location.

16. Which of the following remote sensing technologies use sound?

A. RADAR
B. Colour Infrared
C. SONAR
D. LORAN
E. LIDAR
18. What colour does living vegetation appears as on false-colour IR images?
A. Green
B. Black
C. Blue
D. Yellow
19. At the start of the 19th century, how were pigeons used in the early form of remote sensing?
A. They carried pictures from the battlefield to remote sensing stations
B. They conveyed messages from remote sensing stations to another
C. They were used to test tracking equipment
D. They carried cameras which automatically took pictures
E. They were never used

20. What is photogrammetry?

A. Determining the geometric properties of objects from photographic images
B. Estimating the three-dimensional coordinates of points on an object
C. Acquisition of objects without contact of large complex scenes in 3D
D. Analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance
E. Optical illusion of depth created from flat, two-dimensional image or images

21. Which of the types of waves below has the longest wavelength?
A. X-Rays
B. Gamma Rays
C. Hertzian Waves
D. Radio Waves
E. Near Infrared Waves

22. Which is first fundamental step in image processing

A. filtration
B. image acquisition
C. image enhancement
D. image restoration Answer
23-Detecting anomalies is a major theme of
A. lithography
B. astronomy
C. industrial inspection
D. medicine inspection
24.Manufactured goods often checked using
A. voice over IP
B. digital image processing
C. audio processing
D. video processing
25.Visible blue light is used in
A. soil moisture
B. mineral mapping
C. water penetration
D. vegetation discrimination
26- Wavelength of near infrared ranges from
A. 0.76-1.90
B. 0.76-0.90
C. 0.36-0.90
D. 0.76-0.10
27. Visible red light is used in
A. soil moisture
B. mineral mapping
C. water penetration
D. vegetation discrimination
28- Oldest source of EM radiations used for imaging
A. visible
B. gamma
C. x-rays
D. ultraviolet
29- . Major use of gamma rays imaging includes
A. radar
B. astronomical observations
C. industry
D. lithography
30- Image enhancement and restoration are used to process
A. high resolution images
B. degraded images
C. high quality images
D. brighter images

31- The dominant application of microwave in image processing is

A. medicines
B. radar
C. lens enhancement
D. medical diagnoses
32- The principle energy source for images
A. electrical spectrum
B. magnetic spectrum
C. electro spectrum
D. electro magnetic spectrum
33- The most energetic rays of EM energy spectrum
A. gamma rays
B. x-rays
C. ultraviolet rays
D. visible rays
34- Which waves can penetrate through clouds?
A. ultrasonic
B. radar
C. visible and infrared
D. gamma
35- Middle infrared light is used in
A. mineral mapping
B. soil moisture
C. water penetration
D. vegetation discrimination

1-The satellite that is used as a relay to extend communication distance is called as ………….
a) Relay satellites
b) Communication satellites
c) Repeater satellites
d) Geosynchronous satellites
2-A GIS package cannot be called full-fledged if the following capabilities are missing
a-Data capture and preparation
b-Data storage
c-Data analysis
d-Presentation of spatial data
e-All of the above

8- Which of the following is not a type of image resolution that is very important in image analysis
A. Energy
B. Temporal
C. Spatial
D. Spectral
9- Which of the following is the definition of 'parallax'?
a- The apparent change in position of an object when viewed from two different positions
b- The area on the ground covered by the remote sensing instrument
c- A mathematical method for fitting a model to data so as to minimize error between the observed
values and the estimated values
d- The fading, disturbance or degradation of a signal from surface reflectance caused by signals from
unwanted sources

10- Which of the following is not a type of radiometric correction used in image processing when there is
interference with the radiance measured by an instrument?
a- Haze correction
b- Ozone depletion correction
c- Noise removal
d- Sun angle correction
11- What is meant by the term 'spatial filtering' in remote sensing?
a- Changing the position of pixels in an image because of inconsistencies in the relationship
between sensor and surface during data collection
b- Selectively preserving certain pixel frequencies in an image to enhance particular features or edges of
objects
c- Making parts of the image at a different scale to another part of the image
d- Separating a scene into separate constituent parts and focusing on a smaller section to increase the
resolution
12- In the process of image classification, which of the following methods results in a greater accuracy of
classes within an image actually matching land use patterns on the ground?
a- Fully automated
b- Unprocessed image interpretation
c-Robotic classification
d-Manual /supervised by a user
13- Which of the following statements is true about the capabilities of GIS
a- Data capture and preparation
b- Data management, including storage and maintenance
c- Data manipulation and analysis
d- Data presentation
e- All of the above

4. Infrared Sensing is used commonly to study

(A) Crops and different habitats
(B) objects that can only be picked up using sound waves
(C) underwater sea life
(D) very cold and distant objects

2- A passive sensor uses:

(A) Sun as the source of energy
(B) Flash light as a source of energy
(C) Its own source of energy
(D) None of these
2- An active sensor uses:
(A) Sun as the source of energy
(B) Flash light as a source of energy
(C) Sun Ultraviolet rays
(D) None of these

Which one of the following statements is correct?

A. A map is a collection of stored, analysed data, its stored information is suitability used in making
decisions
B. The function of an information system is to improve ones ability to make decisions
C. The information system is the chain of operations
D. All the above

4- For remote sensing studies, the refractive index of the ocean water:
A. increases with salinity
B. increases with temperature
C. decreases with salinity
D. decreases with temperature
5- Which one of the following frequency regions is a part of sun's radiation?
A. Ultraviolet frequency region
B. Infrared frequency region
C. Radio frequency region
D. All of these
6- Leaf reflectance depends primarily on:
A. The pigments
B. Internal cell structure
C. Equivalent water content
D. All of these
7- The changes in the reflectivity/emissivity with time, is called:
A. Spectral variation
B. Spatial variation
C. Temporal variation
D. None of these
8- Which one of the following errors is produced by platform characteristics of the sensor?
A. Altitude variation
B. Altitude
C. Orbit drift
D. All of these
9- Critical angle of electromagnetic radiation takes place if
A. Angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction
B. Angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
C. Angle of incidence is equal to 90°
D. Angle of refraction is equal to 90°
Critical angle : As the angle of incidence increases, the angle of refraction increases as well. When
the angle of refraction increases to become 90 degrees, the angle of incidence is called the Critical
Angle. The critical angle is a physical property of a medium
10- The reflectance from a surface is called specular reflection if it follows:
A. Snell’s law
B. Lambert
C. Planktan
D. All of these
11- Remote sensing techniques make use of the properties of ___________ emitted, reflected or diffracted by
the sensed objects:
A. Electric waves
B. Sound waves
C. Electromagnetic waves
D. Wind waves
12- In remote sensing : A perfectly black body:
A. Is a diffuse emitter
B. Absorbs all the radiations of every wave lengths
C. Emits power of every wave length
D. All the above
13- The code based GPS receivers are generally used for:
A. Vehicle tracking
B. Land navigation
C. Trans movement
D. All of these
D. Wind waves
14- In GPS, receivers are used are;
A. Electronic clocks
B. Atomic clocks
C. Quartz clocks
D. Mechanical clocks
15- The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation produced with a specific wave length to illuminate a
target on the terrain for studying its scattered radiance, is called:
A. passive remote sensing
B. active remote sensing
C. neutral remote sensing
D. None of these

16- The altitudinal distance of a geostationary satellite from the earth is about:
A) 26,000 km
B) 30,000 km
C) 36,000 km
D) 44,000 km

18- Orbital radius of GPS satellites is approximately:

A. 15,200 km
B. 26,600 km
C. 18,400 km
D. 36,000 km

20- Pick up the correct statement from the following:

(A) For the same feature, the photograph taken from the satellite vertically above the aircraft, the
height displacement is lesser than the aerial photograph
(B) The scale of the aerial photograph depends upon the scale of the topography
(C) The feature at the principal point has no height displacement
(D) All of the above

22- Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the GPS satellites?
(A) The nominal altitude is about 20,200 km
(B) The inclination of axis satellite is 55°
(C) The satellite transmits two L band signals (L1 with 1575.42 MHz and L2 with 1276.6 MHz)
(D) All of these
23- Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) During the day, earth reflects solar radiation
(B) During the day, earth reflects both solar radiations the emission from its surface
(C) During the night, earth emits radiation from its surface
(D) All of these
24- Due to scan geometry of a satellite sensor:
(E) The off-nadir resolution is degraded
2
(F) The ground distance swept by the senor, IFOV is proportional to sec of scan measured from
the nadir
(G) The details towards the edge of the scan get compressed
(H) All of these
25- A time varying electric field produces a magnetic
field.' This phenomenon is called:
(A) Hertz's law
(B) Ampere Maxwell's law
(C) Faraday's law
(D) Kirchoff's law

27- Electromagnetic spectrum contains:

-10
(A) Gamma rays (wave length < 10 m)
-6
(B) Ultraviolet rays (wave length < 10 m)
-4
(C) Infrared rays (wave length < 10 m)
(D) All of these
28- Which one of the following quantities forms the basis of radiometry?
(A) Radiant energy (Q)
(B) Radiant flux ( )
(C) Radiant intensity (I)
(D) All of these
29- According to the Snell's law if an electromagnetic wave is incident in a medium (refractive index n1) on
another medium (refractive index m2);
(A) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction
(B) The angle of refraction r) is given by sin i
(C) Both (a) and (b)
(D) Neither (a) nor (b)

30- Earth observations from a satellite platform provide:

(E) Synoptic view of a large area
(F) Constant solar zenith angles and similar illumination conditions
(G) Repetitive observations of the same area with intervals of a few minutes to a few weeks
(D) All of these
The opposite graph represent the Spectral Signatures of the clouds and the snow in the air dependent on it and
answer the following 3 questions
1- In which wave length you can distinguish between clouds and snow:

a. .4 µm
b. 1.3 µm
c. 2 µm
d. None of this
2- In which the present the clouds reflect the light which has 1.8 µm:

a. 60 %
b. 15 %
c. 20 %
d. 45 %

3- How can you get benefit from the opposite graph;

a. Study of meteorology
b. Study of geosphere
c. Study of biosphere
d. Study of plat motion

The opposite graph represent the Spectral Signatures of the iron minerals dependent on it and answer the
following 2 questions
4- What is the mineral that reflect almost 40% of the incident light which has .8 µm :

a. Hematire
b. Goethite
c. Jarosite
d. None of this

5- What are the minerals that you almost can’t distinguish between them when the incident light has a
wavelength equal to 2.5 µm :
a. Jarosite and hematite
b. Goethite and Jarosite
c. Goethite and Hematire
d. None of this

6- What is the benefits that we get from

remote sensing:
a. Generate maps
b. Study of meteorology
c. Study of sea level
d. All of the above

7- What is better for studying the distance

regions:
a. The remote sensing
b. Exploring trips
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
The basic requirement of any sensor system is :
A. Radiometric resolution
B. Spatial resolution
C. Spectral resolution
D. All of these