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2.

3 TYPES OF SHIPS IN GENERAL


Types of Ships

Ships are mainly classified into the following types:

1. General Cargo Ships


2. Bulk Carrier
3. Container Ships
4. Oil Tanker Ships
5. Product Carrier
6. Gas Carrier
7. Chemical Carrier
8. Ro – Ro Ship
9. Multi-purpose Ship
10.Car Carrier and Roll on / Roll off Ship
11.Cattle Carrier or Livestock Carrier
12. Passenger Ship
13.Naval Ship
14.Offshore Ship
15. Special Purpose Ship

• General Cargo Ships

A ship with one or more decks, having ability to carry a variety of commodities
in different forms such as baled, bagged, boxed, crated, palletized, refrigerated,
and with the possibility to accommodate bulk materials such as grain.
• Bulk Carrier

Bulk carriers are a type of ship which transports cargoes (generally dry cargo)
in bulk quantities. The cargo transported in such ships is loose cargo, i.e.
without any specific packaging and generally contains items like iron ore, coal,
cereal, salt, aluminum ore, and copper ore, food grains, and even cement.

• Conventional bulkers - A conventional bulker is a vessel that is built


with hatchways. Alongside, the vessel is also equipped with cranes and
transporters to facilitate ease in the loading and unloading processes.

• Geared bulker - Smaller bulk carriers are also sometimes equipped with
their own cargo cranes and these are known as 'geared' bulk carriers.

• Gearless bulker - Gearless carriers are bulk carriers without cranes or


conveyors. These ships depend on shore-based equipment at their ports
of call for loading and discharging.

• Self-discharging bulker - A self-discharger (or self-unloader) is a ship


that is able to discharge its cargo using its own gear with Cranes and
Conveyers

• Lakers - Lake freighters, or lakers, are bulk carrier vessels that operate
on the Great Lakes of North America

• BIBO - BIBO or “Bulk-In, Bags Out”

This is a very special type of bulker, where the cargo is loaded as bulk but
are equipped with equipment to bag those bulk cargo and discharge them
in bags.

Some other forms of dry cargo are:

• Tramps: A boat or ship engaged in the tramp trade does not have a fixed
schedule or published ports of call.

• Cargo Liners: An ocean liner is designed to transport passengers from


point A to point B. The classic example of such a voyage would be a
transatlantic crossing from Europe to America.
• Container Ships

As the name suggests, a vessel structured specifically to hold huge quantities of


cargo compacted in different types of containers is referred to as a container
vessel (ship).
Types of Container Ships On Basis Of Sizes:

• Panamax - Panamax is the term given to ships specifically designed to


travel through the original dimensions of the Panama Canal and the
smallest of its locks. The width of those locks is 110 feet, the length
1,050 feet and the draft in tropical freshwater of 41.2 feet.

• Suezmax- The largest ships that can transit the Suez Canal, these tankers
are some 275 metres (900 feet) long and have a capacity of 120,000 to
200,000 dwt. They carry about 800,000 to more than 1,000,000 barrels.

• Post-Panamax - Post-Panamax or over-Panamax denote ships larger than


Panamax that do not fit in the original canal locks, such as supertankers
and the largest modern container and passenger ships.

• Post-Suezmax - These are Ultra-large container vessels with a carrying


capacity of 18000 TEU with a breadth of 60m 21m max draught. These
vessels are known as Post Suezmax as their dimensions are too big for the
vessel to pass the Suez canal.

• Post-Malaccamax - “Malaccamax” is a ship classification based on the


size of the ship. Malaccamax vessels are broadly categorised as VLCCs
(Very Large Crude Carriers), these vessels bear the name ‘Malaccamax’
denoting the specific purpose of their construction and extensive areas of
operation. As per these limitations, only vessels with a maximum draft of
about 25 metres are allowed passage through the maritime channel.

Length of around 470 metres with a beam of about 60 metres


Operational draft of about 20 metres with a TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent
Unit) capacitance of about 18,000
Operational speeds touching up to 24 knots
• Refrigerated Container Ships: These Vessels carry refrigerated cargo
(mainly in refrigerated containers)
• Oil Tanker Ships

Tanker ships are specialised vessels for carrying a large amount of liquid cargo.
Tankers are further sub-divided into different types based on the cargo they
carry.

The main types of tankers are:

Oil Tankers: Oil tankers mainly carry crude oil and its by-products.

Liquefied Gas Carriers: A gas carrier (or gas tanker) is designed to transport
LPG, LNG or liquefied chemical gases in bulk.

Chemical and Product Carriers: A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship


designed to transport chemicals and different liquid products in bulk

Other types of tankers: Some other types of tankers are juice tankers, wine
tankers, integrated tug barges etc.

Based on their size, tankers are further divided into various types such as:

• VLCC - Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs). These ships, with a length
of some 330 metres (1,100 feet), have capacities between 200,000 and
320,000 dwt. They carry in the area of two million barrels.

• ULCC - Ultra-Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) has a DWT of anything


between 250,000 to 500,000 tons.
• Panamax - The maximum size that can transit the Panama Canal, these
tankers range in length between 200 and 250 metres (650 and 820 feet)
and have capacities of 50,000 to 80,000 dwt. They carry 350,000 to
500,000 barrels. Handymax, Handysize, Coastal, and other classes.

• Aframax - An Aframax vessel is an oil tanker with a deadweight


between 80,000 and 120,000 metric tonnes. The term is based on the
Average Freight Rate Assessment (AFRA), a tanker rate system created
in 1954 by Shell Oil to standardize shipping contract terms.

• Suezmax - The largest ships that can transit the Suez Canal, these tankers
are some 275 metres (900 feet) long and have a capacity of 120,000 to
200,000 dwt. They carry about 800,000 to more than 1,000,000 barrels.

• Capesize -

• Handymax

• Lighters

• Handy

• Product Carriers

Product carrier means an oil tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil other
than crude oil.

Product tankers carry petroleum products such as gasoline, naphtha, kerosene,


and diesel oil. These ships are essential in transporting cargo to areas that do not
have facilities to refine crude oil.
Crude oil tanker are larger tanker mainly used for the transport of unrefined
crude oil, e.g. from drilling rigs to refineries.

Product/chemical tankers are larger tanker used for the transport of various fluid
chemicals and other sensitive products such as palm oil.

• Gas Carrier

A gas carrier, gas tanker, LPG carrier, or LPG tanker is a ship designed to
transport LPG, LNG, CNG, or liquefied chemical gases in bulk.
• Chemical Carrier

A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship designed to transport chemicals in


bulk.

A chemical tanker is a type of cargo ship that has been specifically constructed,
or adapted, to carry liquid chemicals in bulk.
• Ro-Ro Ship

Ro-Ro is an acronym for Roll-on/roll-off. Roll-on/roll-off ships are vessels that


are used to carry wheeled cargo.
• Pure Car Carrier (PCC) and Pure Car and Truck Carrier (PCTC)
RoRo Ships

What is pure car carrier?


Pure Car Carrier (PCC): A vessel used to only transport cars, typically new
vehicles to their destination market.
This type of vessel can carry up to 6000 cars, placed all over the 13 deck of the
vessel.
Pure Car and Truck Carriers are vessels, specially designed for the
transportation of passenger cars and trucks in extremely large quantities.

Another term similar to PCTC is Pure Car Carriers (PCC), which are used for
transporting passenger cars.

• Container Vessel + Ro-Ro (ConRo) Ship

The ConRo (or RoCon) vessel is a hybrid of a RORO and a container ship. This
type of vessel has a below-deck area used for vehicle storage while stacking
containerized freight on the top decks.
• General Cargo + Ro-Ro Ship (GenRo) Ships

A normal Cargo carryng vessel equipped with the RoRo facility is termed
as the GenRo. Slightly compacter and smaller as compared to the
previous two categorisations, the GenRo is capable of carrying loads with
approximate DWTs between 2,000 to almost 30,000.

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