3 Motion

OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1a Total distance travelled = 4.5 + 4.5 = 9.0 km C1 Cyclist rides away from
home for 4.5 km, stops, and
Convert units: 9 × 1000 = 9000 m then returns.
60 × 60 = 3600 s C1
Students must convert the
9 × 1000 distance to metres and the
Average speed = = 2.5 m s −1 A1 time to seconds.
60 × 60
–1
An answer in km min would
lose a mark.
1b Average velocity = change in displacement divided by the Since the cyclist returns
time taken. home the change in
displacement is zero.
Average velocity = 0 m s −1 B1

Displacement is a vector quantity whereas distance

This is an important
travelled is a scalar, and depends on the route taken
B1 distinction and should be
between the start and finish.
carefully noted.
1c Horizontal sections from t = 0 to t = 10 min Gradient is the velocity so
for first 10 min
and from t = 15 to t = 20 min with value 5.0 m s
–1
B1
3000
v= = 5ms
–1
Horizontal sections from t = 10 to t = 15 min 10 × 60
and from t = 20 to t = 30 min with value 0.0 m s
–1 B1 v = 0 m s for next 5 min
–1

before cyclist continues

Horizontal section from t = 30 to t = 60 min
journey with the same
and with value –2.5 m s
–1 B1 velocity as before. After
another stop the cyclist turns
round and cycles in the
opposite direction so velocity
is negative and gradient is
–1
then –2.5 m s . Note the
negative sign.

2a From t = 0 s to t = 12 s the car is accelerating uniformly. B1 It is important to note that

acceleration is constant.
Acceleration = 1.83 m s
–1
B1
Since numerical values are
From t = 12 s to t = 20 s the car is travelling at a constant provided on the graph
velocity of 22 m s
–1 B1
numerical values must be
included for this mark.
2b Distance travelled = area under graph C1 Since direction of motion is
unchanged, distance
× 22 × (20 + 8 ) = 308 m
1 travelled and displacement
Distance = A1
2 have the same magnitude.
The correct answer can also
be found by adding the area
of the triangle and the
rectangle rather than using
the area of the trapezium.
2c 308
Speed = = 15.4 m s
–1
20 A1

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 3 Motion
OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2d From graph, time of overtaking = 11 s Award both marks if there is
evidence of using the graph
correctly.
At t = 5.5 s the cyclist has
travelled twice as far as the
car. The extra distance
travelled is the line shaded
area. After this time, the car
travels further than the
cyclist in each second. The
extra distance the car needs
to travel is equal to the line
shaded area. Construct a
Alternatively, distance travelled by cyclist = distance triangle of the same base
moved by car with constant acceleration from rest C1 and height (cross-hatched)
and read off the time as
1 2
ut = at shown (t = 11 s).
2
1 22
10 t = × ×t
2

2 12
240 A1
t= = 10.9 s
22
3a 1 In this equation u is zero
Vertically, s = u t + a t² gives: since the arrow was fired
2
horizontally.
− 30 =
(− 9.81) × t 2 C1
Upwards is positive so s and
2 g are both negative
t = 2.47 s A1
3b Horizontally velocity is constant so Students should use at least
distance = 55 × 2.47 = 136 m A1 3 s.f. values for t so that the
distance is accurate to 2 s.f.

3c Vertically v² = u² + 2 a s, giving: Arrow enters ground in the

direction of the resultant
v = 2 × 9.81× 30 = 24.26 m s −1 C1
velocity at point of impact. It
vertical velocity 24.26 is better to use this equation
tan θ = = with the given value for s
horizontal velocity 55
rather than v = u + at in
θ = 23.8°(angle to the horizontal) A1
case of errors in
calculating t.
4ai Δv = 25 – (–30) Here the final direction is
positive so the initial velocity
= 55 m s
–1
C1
must be negative since it is
∆v 55 in the opposite direction.
t= = = 16.2 ms A1
a 3400 Note the time is in
milliseconds.
4 a ii Mount a high-speed video camera at right angles to path Allow: suitable alternative
of ball and a ‘distance scale’ close to batsman. B1 method.
Film action and use individual frames to determine

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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original 2
 3 Motion
OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

distance moved by ball and the number of frames taken to
move that distance. B1
Use known frame rate for camera to determine the time
and hence velocity. B1
4bi 1 Upward is positive here so g
Vertically, u = 35 sin 28 so s = u t + a t² gives: is negative.
2
0 = (35 sin 28 ) t −
1
× 9.81 × t 2 C1
2
t = 3.35 s
R = (35 cos 28 ) × 3.35 = 104 m A1

4 b ii At max height, vertical v = 0 so v² = u² + 2 a s Note: the vertical

component of the initial
∴ 0 = (35 sin 28)² – 2 × 9.81 × H C1
velocity must be used here.
H = 13.8 m A1

5a Driver’s reaction time is 0.7 s so lorry continues to travel

–1
at 65 km h until the brakes are applied. B1
5bi (65 × 1000 ) Be careful to convert the
Convert units for velocity: C1 units for change in velocity
(60 × 60) –1
to m s .
∆v (65 × 1000 ) (60 × 60 )
Mean deceleration = = C1
∆t (5 − 0.7)
= 4 .2 m s − 2
A1
5 b ii Using velocity calculated in b i:
(65 × 1000 )
Thinking distance = × 0.7 = 12.6 m C1
(60 × 60)

v 2 18.05 2
Braking distance = = = 38.8 m C1
2a 2 × 4.2
A1
Stopping distance = 12.6 + 38.8 = 51.4 m
or
Using trapezium area:
1 (65 × 1000 )
Stopping distance = × × (5 + 0.7) = 51.5 m
2 3600
5c  1000  Possible error if thinking
Thinking distance =  35 ×  × 0.7 = 6.8 m C1 distance is not changed from
 3600 
previous value.
(35 × 1000 / 3600 )2 C1
Braking distance = = 11.3 m
2 × 4 .2
Stopping distance = 6.8 + 11.3 = 18.1 m A0

6 Diagram and measuring angle θ of slope. B1

Method for setting distance, s, down ramp
and

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 3 Motion
OCR Physics A Exam-style mark scheme

Question Answer Marks Guidance

Method for determining time, t, to travel s B1 For example, two light gates
connected to a data logger
or stop clock
Repeat for different s. Plot graph of s against t² B1
Determination of g from gradient. B1

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This resource sheet may have been changed from the original 4