Scribd
Upload
60 views3 pages

Quadratic Equations

Uploaded by

amiteejm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views3 pages

Quadratic Equations

Uploaded by

amiteejm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. Quadratic Equation : a x2 + b x + c = 0, a  0

 b  b2  4 a c
x= , T he exp ression b 2  4 a c  D is c alled
2a
discriminant of quadratic equation.

b c
If ,  are the roots, then (a)  +  =  (b)  =
a a
A quadratic equation whose roots are  & , is (x ) (x  )
= 0 i.e. x2  ( +  ) x +  = 0

2. Nature of Roots:
Consider the quadratic equation, a x2 + b x + c = 0 having ,  as its roots;
D  b2  4 a c

D=0 D0
Roots are equal =  =  b/2a Roots are unequal

a, b, c  R & D > 0 a, b, c  R & D < 0


Roots are real Roots are imaginary  = p + i q,  = p  i q

a, b, c  Q & a, b, c  Q &
D is a perfect square D is not a perfect square
 Roots are rational  Roots are irrational

 i.e.  = p + q ,=p q
a = 1, b, c   & D is a perfect square
 Roots are integral.

Page # 22
3. Common Roots:
Consider two quadratic equations a1 x2 + b 1 x + c 1 = 0 & a2 x2 + b 2 x + c 2 = 0.
(i) If two quadratic equations have both roots common, then

a1 b1 c1
= = .
a2 b2 c2

(ii) If only one root  is common, then

c1 a 2  c 2 a1 b1 c 2  b 2 c1
= =
a1 b 2  a 2 b1 c1 a 2  c 2 a1

4. Range of Quadratic Expression f (x) = a x 2 + b x + c.


Range in restricted domain: Given x  [x1, x2]

b
(a) If   [x1, x2] then,
2a

 (
f(x)  min f x1 , f x 2) ( ) , 
max f ( x 1) , f ( x 2 ) 

b
(b) If   [x1, x2] then,
2a

  D  D 
f(x)   min  f ( x1) , f ( x 2 ) ,  , max  f ( x1) , f ( x 2 ) ,  
  4a  4 a  

Page # 23
5.
Let f (x) = ax² + bx + c, where a > 0 & a, b , c  R.

(i) Conditions for both the roots of f (x) = 0 to be greater than a


specified number‘x0’ are b²  4ac  0; f (x0) > 0 & ( b/2a) > x0.

(ii) Conditions for both the roots of f (x) = 0 to be smaller than a


specified number ‘x0’ are b²  4ac  0; f (x0) > 0 & ( b/2a) < x0.

(iii) Conditions for both roots of f (x) = 0 to lie on either side of the
number ‘x0’ (in other words the number ‘x0’ lies between the roots
of f (x) = 0), is f (x0) < 0.

(iv) Conditions that both roots of f (x) = 0 to be confined between the


numbers x1 and x2, (x1 < x2) are b²  4ac  0; f (x1) > 0 ; f (x2) > 0 &
x1 < ( b/2a) < x2.

(v) Conditions for exactly one root of f (x) = 0 to lie in the interval (x1, x2)
i.e. x1 < x < x2 is f (x1). f (x2) < 0.

Page # 24

You might also like