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Lecture-15, Definite Integral As Limit, Cal-1

This document discusses determining areas under curves using Riemann sums and limiting processes. It introduces the concept of the definite integral as a limit of Riemann sums, and discusses generalizing to unequal subintervals. It also covers net signed area and verifying integration rules using examples.

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Orochi Scorpion
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10 views16 pages

Lecture-15, Definite Integral As Limit, Cal-1

This document discusses determining areas under curves using Riemann sums and limiting processes. It introduces the concept of the definite integral as a limit of Riemann sums, and discusses generalizing to unequal subintervals. It also covers net signed area and verifying integration rules using examples.

Uploaded by

Orochi Scorpion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Areas Under Curve (1)

The procedure for determining the area A is summarized as


(2)

We see that a limit of the form

arises when we compute an area. We also saw that it arises when we try to find the
distance traveled by an object. It turns out that this same type of limit occurs in a
wide variety of situations even when is not necessarily a positive function.

❖ In Chapters we will see that limits of the form also arise in


finding lengths of curves, volumes of solids, centers of mass,
force due to water pressure, and work, as well as other
quantities.
We therefore give this type of limit a special name and notation.
(3)
General Case (Partition is not Regular) (4)

If we are to generalize Definition 2 so that it allows for unequal subinterval


widths, we must replace the constant length ∆𝑥 by the variable length ∆𝑥𝑘 .
When this is done the sum
(5)

or
(6)
NET SIGNED AREA (7)
(8)
(9)

Verify using the right end point and midpoint rule


(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
Exercises
(16)
REMARK:
If we choose 𝑥𝑘∗ so that 𝑓(𝑥𝑘∗ ) is Minimum value (Maximum value) of 𝑓(𝑥) in
the subinterval [𝑥𝑘−1 , 𝑥𝑘 ], then the sum

is called the Lower Riemann Sum (Upper Riemann Sum).

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