Cloud Computing

What is Cloud?
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can
say that Cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud
can provide services over public and private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or
VPN.
• Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship
management (CRM) execute on cloud.
 What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the hardware and software
resources remotely. It offers online data storage,
infrastructure, and application.
 History of Cloud Computing
• The concept of Cloud Computing came into
existence in the year 1950 with
implementation of mainframe computers,
accessible via thin/static clients. Since then,
cloud computing has been evolved from static
clients to dynamic ones and from software to
services. The following diagram explains the
evolution of cloud computing:
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
There are four key characteristics of cloud computing.
• On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not require any
human administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and manage
computing resources as needed.
• Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided over
standard networks and heterogeneous devices.
• Scalability or Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources
that are able to scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the
user require services it is provided to him and it is scale out as soon as its
requirement gets over.
• Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications,
and services) present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an
uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical
resource.
• Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each application and
occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider with an account
of what has been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing and
effective use of resource.
 Cloud Computing Architecture

The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts

i.e.
• Frontend
• Backend
 Frontend

Frontend of the cloud architecture refers to the client side

of cloud computing system. Means it contains all the user
interfaces and applications which are used by the client to
access the cloud computing services/resources. For
example, use of a web browser to access the cloud
platform.
• Client Infrastructure – Client Infrastructure is a part of the
frontend component. It contains the applications and user
interfaces which are required to access the cloud platform.
• In other words, it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface )
to interact with the cloud.
 Backend
• Backend refers to the cloud itself which is
used by the service provider. It contains the
resources as well as manages the resources
and provides security mechanisms. Along with
this, it includes huge storage, virtual
applications, virtual machines, traffic control
mechanisms, deployment models, etc.
• Application –
Application in backend refers to a software or platform to which client accesses. Means it provides the
service in backend as per the client requirement.
• Service –
Service in backend refers to the major three types of cloud based services like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Also
manages which type of service the user accesses.
• Runtime Cloud-
Runtime cloud in backend provides the execution and Runtime platform/environment to the Virtual
machine.
• Storage –
Storage in backend provides flexible and scalable storage service and management of stored data.
• Infrastructure –
Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to the hardware and software components of cloud like it includes
servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software etc.
• Management –
Management in backend refers to management of backend components like application, service,
runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security mechanisms etc.
• Security –
Security in backend refers to implementation of different security mechanisms in the backend for secure
cloud resources, systems, files, and infrastructure to end-users.
• Internet –
Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge between frontend and backend and establishes the
interaction and communication between frontend and backend.
• Database– Database in backend refers to provide database for storing structured data, such as SQL and
NOSQL databases. Example of Databases services include Amazon RDS, Microsoft Azure SQL database
and Google CLoud SQL.
• Networking– Networking in backend services that provide networking infrastructure for application in
the cloud, such as load balancing, DNS and virtual private networks.
• Analytics– Analytics in backend service that provides analytics capabillities for data in the cloud, such as
warehousing, bussness intellegence and machine learning.
 Cloud Services
• Cloud services are application and
infrastructure resources that exist on the
Internet. Third-party providers contract with
subscribers for these services, allowing
customers to leverage powerful computing
resources without having to purchase or
maintain hardware and software.
 Why use cloud services?
• When you use cloud services, you are able to
hand off managing infrastructure and focus
instead on just using it. The provider you choose
will support a wide range of activities that keep
your business operating, such as application
processing and exchange, storage, and
management of your data. Using these services,
your authorized users can communicate,
collaborate, manage projects, and conduct data
analysis, processing, sharing, and storage without
needing your IT department to oversee, maintain,
or back up the activity.
 What are the benefits of cloud
services?
• Using cloud computing services, subscribers
access online resources through workstations,
laptops, tablets, and smart phones that are
configured to protect the data and assets
hosted on the cloud. With a pay-as-you-go
model, cloud services offer a low-cost way to
accommodate spikes in demand more
efficiently than in-house computing services.
What is a Cloud Deployment Model?
• The cloud deployment model identifies the
specific type of cloud environment based on
ownership, scale, access, and the cloud’s
nature and purpose. There are various
deployment models are based on the location
and who manages the infrastructure.
 Public Cloud Model
• As its names suggest, the public cloud is available to
the general public, and resources are shared between
all users. They are available to anyone, from anywhere,
using the Internet. The public cloud deployment model
is one of the most popular types of cloud.
• This computing model is hosted at the vendor’s data
center. The public cloud model makes the resources,
such as storage and applications, available to the public
over the WWW. It serves all the requests; therefore,
resources are almost infinite.
 Characteristics of Public Cloud
• Uniformly designed Infrastructure
• Works on the Pay-as-you-go basis
• Economies of scale
• It is a multitenancy architecture, so data is
highly likely to be leaked
 Advantages of Public Cloud
Deployments
• Highly available anytime and anywhere, with robust
permission and authentication mechanism.
• There is no need to maintain the cloud.
• Does not have any limit on the number of users.
• The cloud service providers fully subsidize the entire
Infrastructure. Therefore, you don’t need to set up any
hardware.
• Does not cost you any maintenance charges as the service
provider does it.
• It works on the Pay as You Go model, so you don’t have to
pay for items you don’t use.
• There is no significant upfront fee, making it excellent for
enterprises that require immediate access to resources.
 Disadvantages of Public Cloud
Deployments
• It has lots of issues related to security.
• Privacy and organizational autonomy are not
possible.
• You don’t control the systems hosting your
business applications.
 Private Cloud Model
• The private cloud deployment model is a dedicated
environment for one user or customer. You don’t share
the hardware with any other users, as all the hardware
is yours.
• It is a one-to-one environment for single use, so there
is no need to share your hardware with anyone
else. The main difference between private and public
cloud deployment models is how you handle the
hardware. It is also referred to as “internal cloud,”
which refers to the ability to access systems and
services within an organization or border.
 Characteristics of Private Cloud
• It has a non-uniformly designed infrastructure.
• Very low risk of data leaks.
• Provides End-to-End Control.
• Weak SLA, but you can apply custom policies.
• Internal Infrastructure to manage resources
easily.
 Advantages of Private Cloud
Deployments
• You have complete command over service integration, IT operations,
policies, and user behavior.
• Companies can customize their solution according to market demands.
• It offers exceptional reliability in performance.
• A private cloud enables the company to tailor its solution to meet specific
needs.
• It provides higher control over system configuration according to the
company’s requirements.
• Private cloud works with legacy systems that cannot access the public
cloud.
• This Cloud Computing Model is small, and therefore it is easy to manage.
• It is suitable for storing corporate information that only permitted staff
can access.
• You can incorporate as many security services as possible to secure your
cloud.
 Disadvantages of Private Cloud
Deployments
• It is a fully on-premises-hosted cloud that
requires significant capital to purchase and
maintain the necessary hardware.
• Companies that want extra computing power
must take extra time and money to scale up
their Infrastructure.
• Scalability depends on the choice of hardware.
 Hybrid Cloud Model
• A hybrid cloud deployment model combines
public and private clouds. Creating a hybrid
cloud computing model means that a
company uses the public cloud but owns on-
premises systems and provides a connection
between the two. They work as one system,
which is a beneficial model for a smooth
transition into the public cloud over an
extended period.
 Characteristics of Hybrid Cloud
• Here are the Characteristics of the Private
Cloud:
• Provides betters security and privacy
• Offers improved scalability
• Cost-effective Cloud Deployment Model
• Simplifies data and application portability
 Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
Deployments
• It gives the power of both public and private clouds.
• It offers better security than the Public Cloud.
• Public clouds provide scalability. Therefore, you can
only pay for the extra capacity if required.
• It enables businesses to be more flexible and to design
personalized solutions that meet their particular needs.
• Data is separated correctly, so the chances of data theft
by attackers are considerably reduced.
• It provides robust setup flexibility so that customers
can customize their solutions to fit their requirements.
 Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud
Deployments
• It is applicable only when a company has
varied use or demand for managing the
workloads.
• Managing a hybrid cloud is complex, so if you
use a hybrid cloud, you may spend too much.
• Its security features are not good as the
Private Cloud.
 Types of Cloud Computing
• SAAS
• PAAS
• LAAS
 Software as a Service(SaaS)
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services
and applications over the Internet. Instead of installing and
maintaining software, we simply access it via the Internet,
freeing ourselves from the complex software and hardware
management. It removes the need to install and run
applications on our own computers or in the data centers
eliminating the expenses of hardware as well as software
maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution that you
purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from a cloud service
provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a
web browser without any downloads or installations
required. The SaaS applications are sometimes called Web-
based software, on-demand software, or hosted software.
 Platform as a Service
• PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and
environment to allow developers to build applications and services
over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in the cloud and
accessed by users simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own
infrastructure. As a result, PaaS frees users from having to install in-
house hardware and software to develop or run a new application.
Thus, the development and deployment of the application take
place independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or
storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly
configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. To
make it simple, take the example of an annual day function, you will
have two options either to create a venue or to rent a venue but
the function is the same.
 Infrastructure as a Service
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that
delivers computer infrastructure on an outsourced basis to
support various operations. Typically IaaS is a service where
infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to enterprises
such as networking equipment, devices, database, and web
servers.
It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS
customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour,
week, or month. Some providers also charge customers
based on the amount of virtual machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems,
security, networking, and servers for developing such
applications, and services, and deploying development
tools, databases, etc
Which Cloud Provider is Best for My
Business?
Virtualization in Cloud Computing
• Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual
(rather than actual) version of something,
such as a server, a desktop, a storage device,
an operating system or network resources".
 What is the concept behind the
Virtualization?
• Creation of a virtual machine over existing
operating system and hardware is known as
Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual machine
provides an environment that is logically
separated from the underlying hardware.
• The machine on which the virtual machine is
going to create is known as Host Machine and
that virtual machine is referred as a Guest
Machine
 Full Virtualization
• This process was introduced by IBM in the
year 1966. It is considered to be the first
software solution for server virtualization. It
uses binary translation and a direct approach
method.
• In this, the guest OS is fully isolated using the virtual machine from
the virtualization layer and hardware.
• Examples of full virtualization include Microsoft and Parallels
systems.
• The virtual machine permits the execution of the instructions in
addition to running the unmodified OS in a completely isolated
method.
• It is considered to be less secure in comparison to
paravirtualization.
• It uses binary translation as the operational technique.
• It is slower in comparison to paravirtualization in terms of
operation.
• It is considered to be portable and compatible in comparison to
paravirtualization.
 Paravirtualization
• It belongs to the section of CPU virtualization
that uses hypercalls for operations in order to
handle instructions at compile time.
• Here, the guest OS isn't isolated fully, but is partially isolated from
the virtualization layer and hardware with the help of the virtual
machine.
• Examples of paravirtualization include VMware and Xen.
• The virtual machine doesn't implement full isolation of OS.
• It just provides a different API that can be utilized when the OS is
subjected to changes.
• It is considered to be more secure in comparison to full
virtualization.
• It uses hypercalls at compile time for operational purposes.
• It is quicker in terms of operation in comparison to full
virtualization.
• It is considered comparatively less portable and compatible.
 Hardware Based Virtualization
• A platform virtualization approach that allows
efficient full virtualization with the help of
hardware capabilities, primarily from the host
processor is referred to as Hardware based
virtualization in computing. To simulate a
complete hardware environment, or virtual
machine, full virtualization is used in which an
unchanged guest operating system (using the
common instruction set as the host machine)
executes in sophisticated isolation.
 Advantages of virtualization
• Utilization of Hardware Efficiently
• Availability increases with Virtualization
• Disaster Recovery is efficient and easy
• Virtualization saves Energy
• Quick and Easy Set up
• Cloud Migration becomes easy
 Disadvantages of virtualization
• Data can be at Risk
• Learning New Infrastructure
• High Initial Investment
• Problems with availability
• Threats to security
Characteristics OF Virtual environment
• Increased Security
• Managed Execution
• Sharing
• Aggregation
• Emulation
• Portability
• Resource sharing
• Hardware independence
 What is virtualization management?
• Virtualization management refers to the processes and
practices involved in managing the operations of a virtual
environment. These operations are typically controlled
through software and applications acting as an interface
between virtual machines or environments and the physical
hardware they run on.
• Some of the basic processes of virtualization management
include creating, updating, or deleting virtual machines,
networks, or infrastructures, along with tracking their
metrics and ensuring the health of systems. In large
networks, it’s critical for admins to be able to perform
many of these functions from a centralized console to avoid
having to check the health of each individual virtual
environment.
 Introduction to CMV
• Cloud Virtual Machine (CVM) provides you
with secure and flexible computing
capabilities. You can enable CVM in the cloud
in just minutes to meet your diverse
computing needs. Through CVM, you can
easily scale up or down your computing
resources as your business needs change.
Billed based on your actual resource
consumption, CVM reduces your computing
costs and simplifies IT-related OPS.