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Computer Graphics Notes BCA

This document provides an overview of key concepts in computer graphics including hardware, software, algorithms, and the graphics pipeline. It covers basic concepts like pixels, resolution, color models, and raster vs vector graphics. It also discusses 2D graphics topics like geometric primitives, transformations, clipping, and rasterization as well as 3D graphics topics like modeling, projection, shading, lighting, and rendering. The document concludes by discussing applications of computer graphics in entertainment, design/visualization, simulation, and user interfaces.

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262 views

Computer Graphics Notes BCA

This document provides an overview of key concepts in computer graphics including hardware, software, algorithms, and the graphics pipeline. It covers basic concepts like pixels, resolution, color models, and raster vs vector graphics. It also discusses 2D graphics topics like geometric primitives, transformations, clipping, and rasterization as well as 3D graphics topics like modeling, projection, shading, lighting, and rendering. The document concludes by discussing applications of computer graphics in entertainment, design/visualization, simulation, and user interfaces.

Uploaded by

ajaykunar062072
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER GRAPHICs

NOTEs BCA
Introduction to Computer Graphics

:- Computer Graphics is a field of study that deals with generating and manipulating
visual content using computers. It involves creating images, animations, and graphical
designs using algorithms and mathematical principles.

Components of Computer Graphics


1. Hardware: This includes the physical components such as the computer
system, graphics card, monitor, and input devices like keyboard, mouse, or graphics
tablet.

2. Software: Graphics software includes applications used for creating, editing,


and rendering images and animations. Examples include Adobe Photoshop, Autodesk
Maya, Blender, etc.

3. Algorithms: Computer Graphics algorithms are used for tasks like rendering
2D and 3D graphics, image processing, geometric transformations, and more.

4. Graphics Pipelin: It is the sequence of stages that graphics data goes


through during processing, including modeling, transformation, rasterization, and display.

Basic Concepts
1. Pixel: A pixel (short for picture element) is the smallest unit of a digital
image. It represents a single point in a raster graphic.
2. Resolution: Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image,
typically expressed as width x height (e.g., 1920x1080 for Full HD).

3. Raster and Vector Graphics: Raster graphics are composed of pixels


arranged in a grid, while vector graphics are defined using mathematical equations and
are scalable without losing quality.

4. Color Models: Color models like RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and CMYK
(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) are used to represent colors digitally.

2D Graphics
1. Geometric Primitives: Basic shapes such as points, lines, curves, and
polygons are fundamental to 2D graphics.

2. Transformations: Translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing are


common transformations applied to objects in 2D space.

3. Clipping: Clipping is the process of removing parts of an image that fall


outside the viewable area or a specified region.

4. Rasterization: Rasterization converts vector graphics or primitives into a


raster image for display on a screen.

3D Graphics
1.3D Modeling: Techniques for representing and manipulating 3D objects,
including polygonal modeling, spline modeling, and procedural modeling.
2. Projection: Projection methods like perspective projection and orthographic
projection are used to convert 3D scenes into 2D images.

3. Shading and Lighting: Shading models determine how light interacts


with surfaces to create realistic images, while lighting techniques simulate the
effects of light sources in a scene.

4. Rendering: Rendering is the process of generating 2D images from 3D


scenes, incorporating aspects like shading, lighting, and texture mapping.

Applications of Computer Graphics


1. Entertainment: Video games, movies, and animations heavily rely on computer
graphics for creating immersive visual experiences.

2. Design and Visualization: Computer-aided design (CAD) software is used


for architectural design, product prototyping, and industrial modeling.

3. Simulation and Virtual Reality: Graphics are used to simulate real-


world scenarios for training, education, and research purposes.

4. User Interfaces: Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in software


applications utilize graphics for presenting information and interacting with
users.

Conclusion
Computer Graphics plays a crucial role in various fields, from entertainment
and design to education and simulation. Understanding its principles and
techniques is essential for anyone interested in the creation and manipulation
of visual content using computers.

These notes provide an overview of key concepts in Computer Graphics,


serving as a foundation for further exploration and study in the field.

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