. . .

IS 10061 :1991
( Reaffirmed 2001 )

( FFfT y+vl )

Indian Standard
PROFORMA FOR ANALYSIS OF UNIT RATE
OF EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS BY
CYCLIC DRILLING AND BLASTING
(First Revision >

UDC 69’003’12 : 624’191’2

@ BIS 1991

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 1 I0002

September 1991 Price Group 2

Cost Analysis and Cost Estimates Sectional Committee, RVD 19

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( First Revision > was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Cost Analysis and Cost Estimates Sectional Committee had been approved by the
River Valley Division Council.
Tunnels are provided for various purposes such as for river diversion during construction of dams,
pressure conduits to serve as penstocks for power house, pressure or free flow conduits in water carrier
system, spillways and for rail and road transporation. Tunnelling may be either in rock or in soft
ground or shield driven. The tunnelling costs depend not on14 on labour, machinery and materials of
construction but also on the purpose of construction, types of rocks and soils bored through including
physical defects of the geological formations, the number of entrances provided for excavating the
tunnel, etc. The cost of excavation of tunnels may vary therefore from place to place. To have a
proper comparison of the unit rates of excavation of various tunnels, it is necessary to have uniformity
in the analysis of the costs of different parameters which make up the unit rate, which has been brought
out in this standard in the form of proforma.
This standard was first published in 1981. The revision of this standard has been taken up in the light
of the experience gained during the last nine years in the use of this standard. This standard has
been revised and additional items, required to be covered have been added.
 IS 10061 : 1991

Indian Standard
PROFORMA FOR ANALYSISOF UNIT RATE
OF EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS BY
CYCLIC DRILLING AND BLASTING
(First Revision j
1 SCOPE 5. Construction Agency
This standard lays down proforma for analysis of a) Departmental or contractor
unit rate of tunnel excavation. It does not include b) Name of department/contractor
provisions for tunnel lining.
6. Shape of~the tunnel ( circular, horse shoe,
2 CLASSIFICATION elliptical, vertical walled with arch roof )
7. Excavated size of the tunnel ( excavated
For ease of comparison of unit rates of excavation dimensions to the pay-line )
of various tunnels, the following classification for
tunnels should be adopted: 8. Type of final lining

a) Geological 9. Location plan and L-section of adits and

shafts
i) Tunnels in competent rock 10. a) Main tunnel - heading length ( shorter
ii) Tunnels in incompetent rock limb )
b) Secondary tunnel - heading length
b) Cross-Sections
( shorter limb )
i) Up to 20 m2 11. Description of alignment including mention
ii) From 20 m2 to 40 m2 of bends, transitions, approach channel,
iii) From 40 ma to 70 m2 exit channel
iv) Exceeding 70 ma 12. Types of rock bored ( igneous, sedimentary
or metamorphic ) and physical properties
C) Method of Excavation such as compressive strength, abrasive value
and modulus of elasticity
i) Full face
13. Physical defects of rock formations ( joints,
ii) Heading and benching faults, etc )
iii) Multi-drift
14. Ground water conditions, locations and
Unit cost for tunnel excavation for tunnels excav- quantity of seepage water at various periods
ated by heading and benching method may be the of the year
average of unit cost of heading and unit cost of 15. Description of rock cover, depressions and
benching. The average will be weighted average khuds crossing over the tunnel along its
depending upon the area of heading and benching. alignment
2.1 Technical Information 16. Inflammable and abnoxious gases, if encoun-
tered ( brief description )
The following pertinent technical information will
also be helpful for a full appreciation of the 17. Methods adopted for tackling tunnel exca-
circumstances under which the tunnel is excavated: vation ( full face; heading and benching;
multiple drifting; pilot tunnel; forepoling;
I. Name of the project providing double steel ribs and invert struts;
2. Layout plan of the project etc )
3. Location with plan and L-section of the a) Reaches of competent rock strata
tunnel b) Reaches of incompetent rock strata
4. Purpose of the tunnel ( sheared and fractured )

1
 Is 10061:1991

c) Reaches with inadequate rock cover and p) Location and lead of dump yard from
adverse ground water conditions portal
d) Reaches showing rock distress
19. Air supply — Installed capacity of com-
e) Reaches of bad rock strata causing break pressors pipe size
through conditions
Water supply — Capacity of tank, pipe
f) Any other adverse geological conditions. size, length, etc.
18. Equipment at each tunnel heading 20. Electrification
a) Drill Jumbo Main supply voltage
Type Transformer details
Overall dimensions
Spacing
Number of decks
Motive power Lighting voltage
Trolley line rectification (in case of electric-
b) Drilling machines ( hydro-booms; traction )
ladder drilling system with fast rock
drills; other drills ) Firing voltage
Number and Type 21. Excavation data ( in reaches of competent
c) Drill steel and drill bits ( a brief des- rock strata )
cription )
a) Type of strata
d) Mucking machine Average number of drill holes and size
Make and model of holes per round
Capacity
Motive power Type of cut-holes pattern
Number of mucking machine Number and size of cut-holes
e) Haulage equipment. ~ Number, make, Average depth of drill-holes
Locos-Diesel/Electr]c ~model and Average actual advance
Rubber tyred carriers j capacity Type of explosive and detonators used
~ Quantity of explosive used per round ‘
f) Muck trucks
Mine cars/diesel/ I Number, make, Explosive factor ( kg~m’ )
electric ) model and b) Time Cycle
Rubber tyred carriers J capacity
Moving drill jumbo up to . .. ( h Min)
g) Ventilation the face and drilling the
i) Diameter of ventilation duct round
Make, model, type and capacity of Average drilling rate . . . ( cms per Afin )
main blowers Loading the round; . .. (hkfin)
Spacing of main blowers removing drill jumbo from
ii) Same as above in case of exhaust the face firing the circuits
blowers — at the face inside the Smoke clearance time .. . ( &fin)
tunnel and spacing Advancing mucking machine ( h &fin )
h) Pumping arrangements inside the tunnel to the muck pile, scaling
Number of pumps — main/feeder down loose rocks and
Type of pumps mucking out
Capacity of pumps Time for installation of steel
Spacing of pumps supports sets
Length, size and nature of pipelines-
rnain/feeder Time for secondary blast- .. . ( h Min )
ing and muck removal
j) Tunnel supporting arrangement Number of sets installed
k) Communication arrangement inside Spacing of sets
and outside Time for installation . .. (h Min)
m) Instruments for monitoring Time for lagging and .. . ( Min )
n) Instruments for determining stresses blocking
inrock OR

w. -, —.—..——
 IS 10061:1991

Time for shotcreting/ ( Min ) a) Length of reach

guniting/installing weld ‘“” ( R. D. .. to ... ...) ...metres
mesh and rock bolts
( in case steel supports Geological description of tunneling
are not considered condition time taken to tunnel
necessary ) through . ..( days)
Average time lost due to ... (hlfin) b) . .. ... ...and so on
hold ups/derailments in
case rail mounted equip- 25. Date of commencement and completion of
ment is used tunnel excavation
Average cycle time for ... (h) 26. Monthly progress from the date of start of
advance A excavation to completion of excavation.
Overall advance in a month (metres)
Year Month Progress Tunneling
Maximum overbreak . .. (cm) in metres condition
Average overbreak ... (cm) (R. D . . ..to... )
Percentage overbreak of the 27. Incentive payment . .. a brief description
excavation of pay line . .. % schemes for tunnel and results obtained
crews ( if introduced )
22. Data of steel supports used Percentage 28. Industrial disputes . .. a brief description
in the tunnel Type and in the total and their effect on
( if any)
spacing of steel ribs length of progress
Iunnel
29. Safety arrangements
a) i) Segmental type ribs ... ...?0 including firstaid,
ii) Portal type ribs . .. .. . ‘J/
/0 medical and rescue
operations
b) i) Rib spacing 300 to 600 mm . . . ...70
ii) Rib spacing more than 30. Accidents during tunneling
600 and up to 900 mm . . ...% Fatal accidents . . . No of persons dead
c) iii) Rib spacing more than Major accidents ... No of persons
900 and up to 1200 mm disabled
. . . ...%
iv) Rib spacing more than Reasons of . . . A broad split up be
1200 and up to 1500 mm accidents given
. . . ...%
31. Geological forecast . . Current forecast . ..%
23. a) Percent of tunnel unsupported . . ...%
of strata and that A brief description
Percent of tunnel supported actually obtained outlining the major
( steel ribs ) ., . . ...4 during tunneling variations be given.
Percent of tunnel supported 32. Lessons learnt
( rock bolts) . . . ...%
Percent of tunnel supported 3 PROFOMA FOR ANALYSIS OF UNIT RATE
( Pre-cast or pre-stressed OF COST FOR TUNNEL EXCAVATION
segmental lining ) . . . ...%
3.1 The proforma recommended for use in anal-
24. Tunneling in very poor/distress/cavity ysis of unit rate of tunnel excavation is as given
reaches in Table 1.
IS 10061 : 1991

Table 1 Proforma for Analysis of Unit Rate of Excavation of Tunnel

( Clause 3.1 )

Sl No. Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Remarks

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

i) Drilling
a) Machinery and equipment excluding air
operating cost
b) Compressed air
CJ Other material
d) Labour
ii) Blasting
a) Machinery and equipment
b) Material
c) Labour
iii) Scaling, Mucking and Disposal
a) Scaling
b) Machinery and equipment
c) Labour
iv) Shotcreting/GunitingjRock bolting and Consolid-
ation grouting
a) Shotcreting
b) Guniting
c) Rock bolting
d) Consolidation grouting
e) Labour
v) Supports and Lagging
a) Machinery and equipment
b) Material
c) Ldbour
vi) Facilities
a) Ventilation
b) Surveying
c) Lighting
d) Dewatering
e) Communication
f) Instrumentation
g) Tracks
h) Miscellaneous items
vii) Ancillaries and Incidentals
a) Construction of the following:
1) Labour and staff quarters
2) Service roads
3) Electric power supply
4) Water supply system
5) Sanitation system
6) Drainage system
7) Other amenties including first-aid, medical
facilities and safety arrangements and
rescue operatians
b) avl:Fetenance/operation of’ items mentioned

c) Supervisory works establishment

viii) Quality control
ix) Contingencies
X) Overload ( excluding profit )

This would include establishment, office stationery, general tools and plant, staff cars, their running and
maintenance, insurance, workman’s compensation,statutory benefits, telephone and telecommunication facilities
interest liabilities on borrowings from the owner and bank guarantee charges etc.
NOTE - All items mentioned above shall include depreciation, erection, operation, repairs and mainten-
ance and dismantling of machinery where used. All items of labour mentioned above shall include indirect
statuatory and other benefits payable to the labour.

4
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Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if
any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in
possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be
sent to BIS giving the following reference:

Dot : No. RVI) 19 ( 34 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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