CircularMotion

Lineardisplacement s Displacement in a straight line measured in metres m

Linea velocity Rate of change oflineardisplacement

v

units ms ou mis
rig
B tseconds Asangulardisplacementco gets
g infinitelysmall arclengthapproaches to

lineardisplacement

AngularDisplacement OCradians

Angle suspended at the centre when an object movesfrom position

A to position B on a circulartrack

Angularvelocity w
Rateof change of angular displacement
W units rads or vadis

For a completerevolution
D LI E T

W W 2nF
Angular
2I
Velocity
Question I
Calculate w for one complete revolution ofEarth around its anis
5 1
7 27 10 rads
2u xgo

Relationship between linearvelocity v andangularvelocity w

Relationshipfrom Math Circular Measure

S pO Formula from math

divide both sidesby time

v
w
E
r
I A r
v r W

linearvelocity v at A

angularvelocity W at A

Concept

table isrotating at a constantangular

I velocity CW

SB 6A
Topviewof a circulartable

whenthe table is rotating object A and B will performcircularmotionabout

the centre ofthe table
 of object A willbe same as angularvelocityof
Angular velocity
objectB andboth will be equal to angular velocity ofthe rotation ofthe
table

Linearvelocity of object will begreater than linearvelocity ofobjectA

as rb ra and v ow

Example Pole

Jj Y
Rx
Vx
Ry
Ry Vx
Yalza and vz
Rx
go o

Bothpositions x and Y

will have same valuefor

Pole Anis ofrotation angularvelocity w
of Earth Position X hasalargerradius

as compared to Y that is why

linervelocity at x willbe greater

Note Objects at equator have higher linearvelocityand it decreases

as one movestowards poles

CentripetalForce Fo

It is the forcerequired byanobject to perform circular

motion
 Direction ofthisforce istowardsthe centre of the Circular

Motion

Note keep in mind it is not

any special kind of
force liken Tension

weight upthrust friction etc

It is a
generic name givento the force that keeps anobject
incircularmotion byactingtowards the centre ofthis motion

Fc Centripetalforce Vern
my
Fc mCr wt Fc Mr W 2
y

Fo
If min
Fc Mvw

Example

Rotating a stone in Horizontalplane attached to a rope

In this case the tension in the ropeprovides centripetal Force Fu

T
Fa T
 Earth rotatingaround Sun

Fo For
Earth
Sun GravitationalForce ofattraction
between EarthandSun

For a motorcyclist moving in a circlearound the roundabout

the friction between the tyres and the roadprovides
centripetal force

For an election orbiting around the nucleus it is the electrostaticforce

which provides Fc

For a car travelling around a circular road with uniformspeed the Fc is

provided bythe frictionalforce between thetyresof the carandthe road
 Anobject placed on a turntable andperforming circularmotion as the turntable

is rotated In this scenario thefrictionalforce between thetableandthe

object provides E

Fa ft
ff

Question

If the man frictional force betweentheobject

Coif andthesurfaceof the turntable is o 85W

weight of theobject
calculate the manimum number of revolutions thatcan beperformed

bythe object per minute

Solution
 Ff Fc
2
0.85W Mr W

0.85ng Hr Lif
2
O 85 9 81 0.7 412 f
f 0.549Hh
Man revolutions perminute

I second 0.549 revolutions

60seconds 32 9 revolutions
32revolutionspermin because 33rdrevolution has not been completed

n Object A and B are

AB identical

If more than 32 rev min are performed

flyoff from
bothobjects will

thetable
If enactly 32 rev1min are performed objectA will remain but B will

fly off

Reason object is further fromcentre Asradius increases linearvelocity

increases Vern
 Fc MV W Fox V

Higherknewvelocityimplies higher centripetalforce Fc

Here more frictionalforce greaterthan 0 85W will berequired bythe

object to continue its circularmotion

CentripetalAcceleration

Fret ma

Fc mac ac
Em

Fc Fe mow 2 For mu w
MI
ac ac rw ac VW
I

Concept of ConicalPendulum

Tcoso W
Tcoso
T
I T cos d mg
a
mass
Fo Tsing

Tsino From From

ngCw T
Ing If
 tano Mrs
mg si if
tano
g IT sit

Aircraft as it performscircularmotion
Liftforce

nocentripetalforceactingtowardsthe

i LiftForce L
g Lind Fa
sing case
ng
Fo
ng sing if
tand v2 Fo stand
ng ng
tand a v2 Highestpossible speedachieved wheretiltinghas
to manimum

Horizontal Circular Motion Vs Vertical CircularMotion

HorizontalCircularMotion

T
 Tension acts towards the centre it provides centripetalForce Fo

weight acts vertically downwards

Tension and weight perpendicular to eachother

value of tension is constant

Fc T T
MI

Vertical CircularMotion PositionC 0 1800

Fc Tt W
String is mostlikely to snap
at positionA as tension is F t

greatest at this point

T T
w
g T
Fc T E T
µ
my my
0 00
Fret T W Fc T Wcosd
Fc T W

i n

mm Thegeneralexpression
my my
 0 00
CosCao o

i 0 900 T
Coscia
my
Cos 270 o

0 1800
TIME mg

TI N
circular

vertical VerticalCircolo motion

motion É
T
Horizontal CircularMotion

ME my Position
A B C D A
00 900 1800 2700 360
00

Question
Variation of tension w o t position is shown belowfor a UCM

8
2 y
g g
 Given that the radius of vom o am calculate the mass of
the object Takegloms 2

Mul mg T T
MI mg

2
112 mg 2
my mg 8

2 6
my mg
my mg

2mg 6

Mg 3
3 M O
M lo 3kg

Calculate the linear velocity

T
My

v2 s
4
v
sq.ge
V 3 87ms
 Question
r
r a

Too 7

Calculate velocity v at the highest point suchthat the cardoesnot

breakcontact with the surface of the rollercoasterandthe loop is completed

R no
7 7
W

Note If contact between the car and the rollercoaster trackis

broken R becomes hero

In order for the car to continue its CM it needs to remain in

contact with the track R o

At man point

Fc R W imposing thecondition Ryo

R so
MY mg I mg

Remy mg my mg

v2 V
Question

Fo
r

Calculate at thehighest point suchthat the car doesnot

velocity u
break its contact with the surface

F o.tw
W
r

Note In orderfor contact to remain cat man point R must be greater

than O Imposingcondition
Fc W R

mg R ing my o
Mpf

R ng zig mg my
e
gr s v

v e
Tgr
Question
Lo 16 2cm
M O 5kg T

Lf IG 8cm

mg
Calculate the spring constant
T W

T ng
ke
mg
K 16.8 16.2 10 2 0 5 9.81
I
K 817 5 N Im I 818Nm

Theparticle now moves in a verticalcode Given that the highestpoint the

length of the string is 16.4cm calculate w

Fo Tt W
T w
g
co 5
18 w
2 817 5 16u 16.2 o 5 9 81
Tn 100

t
yo W 8.93 rad s

As the particle passes through the lowestpoint its length is nom

Using the value of w from calculate n

 TI W
mi w 2 ke
ng
05
Yoo 8 93 817 5 o 5 9.81

fatNMG X 17 7am
hgt

lowest

O what is meant
by a radian
Angle subtended at centre of aide
by an arc equal in length
to the radiusof the circle
5 09
0
3
5 8

g g