2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 5-7 June 2020, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Design and Implementation of A Wireless Charging

System for Electric Vehicles
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun Mohammad Istiak
Dept. of EEE Dept. of EEE
International Islamic University Chittagong International Islamic University Chittagong
Chittagong, Bangladesh Chittagong, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected]

Khandakar Abdulla Al Mamun Sharifa Akter Rukaia

Dept. of EEE Dept. of EEE
International Islamic University Chittagong City University
Chittagong, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic vehicles [3]. WPT is an ancient technology, published by
resonance, the technology which could set human free from the “Nikola Tesla” during 1980 [4]. It is composition of three
annoying wires. At present different researches have been taken prime schemes as like resonance, solar cells and microwaves.
place and are going on to increase the efficiency of the wireless Microwaves are employed in an electrical device to deputize
power transfer. Researcher are trying to increase the distance
electromagnetic radiation from an origin to a subscriber [4].
between the transmitter and the receiver with a greater transfer
power efficiency. This project implemented WPT innovation to More specifically WPT means that electric power can be
charge the battery of electric vehicle. In this investigation, the transported from a sender to a collector without having any
distance level between transmitter and receiver circuit has been wire. Air may be medium to transfer this power. It comprises
optimized, and at the same time the different power level at two coils such that transmitter coil & receiver coil [5].
different distances between transmitter and receiver examined. Alternating current is needed to provide for powering up the
Henceforth, different conditions of current and voltage levels transmitting coil so that it can produce the magnetic field. A
from input to output circuit for delivering power to the battery voltage is induced by this magnetic field in the receiver coil
which is completely took place without using any wire between [6]. In this era the necessity of wireless technique is
transmitter circuits of charging station to receiver circuit of the
enhanced because of high enthusiasm, price worthy and
electric vehicle for finding its output efficiency. Finally, its costs
and other factors have been discussed to implement this wireless simplistic to preserve. This technique is ordinarily applied
technology among electric vehicles. Several output levels in for conveying the digital information over the atmosphere
accordance with its input levels during the charging time has medium [7]. Usually the Electro Magnetic (EM) waves are
been recorded this empirical findings helps to solve several used for transmitting the electric power through atmosphere
problems appears in wired technology such as electric shocks, to make a device powered [8]. In this investigation, the
cost, hassles due to wire, charging procedure. framework utilized electro-magnetic induction type charging
which assists with charging the battery of an electric vehicle
Keywords— Wireless power transfer; WPT efficiency; electric without wires and this battery power is utilized to operate the
vehicles;
electric vehicle [9]. Finally, a new system is introduced for
I. INTRODUCTION wireless charging which reduces the use of natural fuels,
recharge battery easily, avoiding wires, reduce cost as well as
capable of convenient installation [10].
At this technological era, WPT innovation becomes more
famous due to its smart usages and conveniences. By II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
implementing this scheme, enables to remedy various
troubles happen due to wired techniques which includes
electric shocks, trouble because of cord, charging method and
cost [1]. Wireless power transfer (WPT) technique is
expanding dramatically in current years. Usage of vehicle
rapidly increasing day by day along with decreasing fuel
level. Although electric vehicles (EV’s) added extra facilities
in our vehicle system, wired technology is also repellent as it
causes electric shock due to several reason i.e. makes person
injured, high cost. Thus WPT technology can assuage these
factors greatly [2]. Different projects has been made till date,
also this technology is famous in recent era for smartphone
technology. Due to wire free technology it has advantages
over the wired technology. Also wireless technology is the
futuristic invention which is also very famous for electric
Fig. 1: Schematic form of system technology (proposed).
978-1-7281-7366-5/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE

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Fig.1 indicates the schematic form of planned method. of charging station which consist of a multivibrator circuit
Preliminary operating voltage is 220V AC. This voltage is including 555 timer is shown in figure. Here we used a coil
reduced through a step down transformer. Later the rectifier which transmit power that’s why it’s named primary
component alter this AC power into DC. 555 timer operates transmitting coil. Here also shows the miniature model of
like an astable multivibrator that produces a square wave electric vehicle which consist of receiving coil, here we use
pulse of highly excessive frequency. Resulting excessive two LED one is for wireless power transfer indication,
frequency AC power is transferred over the primary coil. another one is for battery charging. We have used 33 turns of
Secondary coil took up this power via electromagnetic copper coils for primary side windings and 22 turns for
induction. Then used a rectifier circuit to transform this secondary side windings for efficient transmission of power.
voltage into low power DC. A boost converter is used to Several factors were kept in consideration while designing
enhance this low energy into minimum preferred voltage the amount of turns and size of the elementary and secondary
level that is adequate for charging up battery. coils like, flux density, voltage, losses and other variations.
Here we use, B = μ I in Tesla.
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Where, N= number of turns, l= length of coil,
I= current in Amps and µ = permeability of free space. So
taking all these parameters into considerations coils are
designed. To design primary and secondary coils, the material
used is copper. Previously aluminum coils were used which
are very cheap but flux radiation is very less.

V. RESULT & ANALYSIS

A. Input waveform

Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of the system

Our proposed method circuit design is presented in Fig. 2. In
our circuit we use a 555 timer which is used here as an astable
multivibrator, here it originates a square wave shape of highly
Fig. 4: Input DC waveform
excessive frequency, here we measure the frequency which is
near about 55 kHz. Then transmit this excessive frequency Fig. 4 displays a pure DC waveform after using adapter.
AC voltage via primary coil. In the secondary coil receive this Measured input voltage is 5V DC. An adapter circuit which
voltage wirelessly by electromagnetic induction, then is consisted with a rectifier circuit, which is used to alter the
rectified it into low DC voltage, by using boost converter the AC voltage into DC voltage. Here this AC adapter modify the
voltage is step upped to high DC voltage that is sufficient to AC voltage level of 220v to DC voltage level of 5V. Here fig.
charge up the battery. 4 shows the input voltage level for transmitter circuit.
IV. HARDWARE

Fig. 5: Output waveform of 555 timer

Here 555 Timer is used to add a high frequency with the input
voltage. It is impossible to transmit DC power from
transmitter to receiver wirelessly, because DC power has no
frequency. Also for transferring power wirelessly it required
Fig. 3: Complete circuit of wireless battery charging high frequency in input level, so that receiver can receive the
power by electromagnetic induction. That’s why a 555 timer
Fig. 3 shows that complete circuit with transmitting coil
is used here. Figure 5 shows the output wave shape after using
receiving coil and multivibrator circuit. The circuit diagram
555 Timer.

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 voltage, because battery needs DC power for charging
purpose. Later, a boost converter amplified this voltage from
0.78V to around 4.8V DC that is well sufficient for energizing
a 3.7V battery completely. Fig. 8 displays the output wave
form of boost converter from the battery charging part. The
voltage is utilized for charging the battery. Boost converter is
an electronic device which is used to amplify the voltage level
up to a certain level.

C. Relation between input and output power as a function

Fig. 6: Input wave form of transmitting coil of detachment between the coils
A Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
(MOSFET) named IRF3205 which has fast switching Table-1: Efficiency as a function of detachment between the
capability than bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is used to coils
amplify the output signal of 555 timer. At this event,
transmitting coil output voltage is 1.43V AC and frequency
stand constant. This MOSFET is used for fast switching to Input Space Output Efficiency
attain proper voltage in the transmitting side that is required gap
for transmitting the power from transmitter coil to receiver
Output Voltage = 4.8V DC
coil. Here Fig. 6 shows the input amplified wave shape after
using IRF3205. 10 mm Output Current = 80 mA 12%
Output Power = 0.4 W
B. Output waveform
Output Voltage = 4V DC
Input Voltage = 5V DC
25 mm Output Current = 60 mA 7%
Input Current = 0.7 A
Output Power = 0.26 W
Input Power = 3.5 W

Output Voltage = 2V DC
40 mm Output Current = 40 mA 3%
Output Power = 0.08 W

Table-1 shows the efficiency as an action of detachment

between the coils. The output power of the secondary coil
declined gradually as the gaps between the coils enhanced.
Fig. 7: Output waveform of secondary side
D. Measuring battery voltage with time
In wireless power transfer, magnitude of receiving voltage
changed in conformity with flux induced in secondary coil.
Thus the power varied in terms of time. Fig. 7 displays the
output waveform in the secondary side. Where the recorded
AC voltage value was near about 0.78V.

Fig. 9: Battery voltage as a function of time

Fig. 9 shows the time required to charge up the battery fully.
Here power transfer from primary to secondary side by using
electromagnetic induction, so a fixed period is necessary for
Fig. 8: Output waveform after applying boost converter charging up the battery fully. Battery voltage stepwise
increased & fully charged within 40 minutes.
Obtained AC voltage is relatively low stated in advance.
Primarily, a rectifier utilized to transmute AC voltage into DC

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 VI. CONCLUSION [7] Arjun Sharma, “Application of Wireless Power Transfer
for Home Appliances using Inductive Resonance Coupling”,
The theory of wireless charging by means of inductive International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
coupling, which is the technique used in this investigation. , Vol. 16, pp. 159-163, Oct 2014.
Here we determine the efficiency from the distance between [8] M. Budhia, J. T. Boys, G. A. Covic, and H. Chang-
transmitting and receiving coil. There is a connection Yu,“Development of A single-sided flux magnetic coupler
between the power and distance. An exponential decay has for electric vehicle IPT charging Systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
been found for power versus the separation of detachment. Electron. vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 318–328, Jan. 2013.
Increasing the distance between transmitter & receiver coil [9] Chen, Linhui, Shuo Liu, Yong Chun Zhou, and Tie Jun
power transfer has commenced to serious drop. In this Cui,"An optimizable circuit structure for high-efficiency
investigation we were able to charge a 5V DC battery, which wirelesspower transfer," IEEE Transactions on Industrial
is done by complete wirelessly. Additionally it has seen that Electronics,vol. 60, no. 1, pp.339-349, January 2013.
WPT is unaffected by non-attractive materials protecting [10] Jafaru Ibrahim, Tonga Agadi Danladi, Musefiu
between the two coils. Accordingly this innovation can be Adrinola, "Comparative Analysis between Wired and
successfully utilized in the clinical field to charge pace- Wireless Technologies in communications: A review",
makers and other equipment’s. As we all know that every Proceedings of 99th The IER International Conference,
system is not perfect in all aspects, they have some associated Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 23rd-24th March 2017.
limitation. So our proposed system also have some
limitations that including slow execution, one reason that
remote charging has not been completely incorporated is, that it
can still be slower and less efficient than a wired charger.
Also it has less efficiency than wired power transfer.
Mentioned that, disorders between transmitting and receiving
coils can be caused by weather or other disturbances. There
can be huge research work that should be possible later on
i. e. includes the improvement of efficiency during charging
of battery by using magnetic resonant coupling using
magneto plated wire, and reduce the charging time by using
fast charging technology. Also, decrease in the size of the
transmitting and receiving coils, also analysis that how this
system will be reasonable for practical applications.

VII. REFERENCES

[1] Gousia Sultana, Deepak. TR, Pratiksha Bhusan,

Mohammed Azeem, Swathi.G.N. “Design and
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[2] Chengbin Ma, "Wireless Charging Of Electric Vehicles:
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[3] John M. Miller, "Primary-Side Power Flow Control of
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[4] Nicola Tesla, “The transmission of electrical energy
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[5] Afida Ayob, "Review on Electric Vehicle, Battery
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[6] William C. Brown, "The history of wireless power
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