Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

Assignment no. 11

W C D V T Total Sign/Remark
(4 Marks) (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (4 Marks) (20 Marks)

Prepared by:
1. Samkit Nitinraj Kothari
2. Sandesh Sudhir Pagariya
3. Rushabh Ashish Gandhi
11.1 Title: Mini Project (Smart Waste Management System)
11.2 Pre-requisite: IOTL (Internet of Things Lab)
11.3 Objectives:
• Learn the interfacing of ultrasonic, infrared and moisture Sensors with Arduino UNO.
• Also, understanding the working of Servo Motor and LCD panel with other sensors and
Arduino UNO.
11.3 Software & Hardware Requirements:
• Operating System: Windows (XP/Vista/7/10)
• Software: Arduino IDE 1.8.3
• Hardware: Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, infrared sensor, moisture sensor, Motor,
Battery, Patch Cords, USB cable type A/B.
11.4 Theory Concept:
11.4.1 Introduction:

What our system does is it gives a real time indicator of the garbage level in a trashcan at any
given time. Using that data, we can then optimize waste collection routes and ultimately reduce fuel
consumption. It allows trash collectors to plan their daily/weekly pick up schedule.

In this system, a 24x7 monitoring system is designed for monitoring dumpsters. A smart and
organized system is designed for selective clearing. The ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring the
level of waste in the dustbin. DC motor powered platform is used for segregating wet and dry waste.
IR sensor and moisture sensor are used for separating wet and dry waste. If either of the containers
is full then an alert message is sent from the dustbin to employees and the cloud. In turn, employees
can clear the corresponding dumpster.

11.4.2 Existing System:

Manual systems in which employees clear the dumpsters periodically. No systematic
approach towards clearing the dumpsters. Unclear about the status of a particular location.
Employees are unaware of the need for a particular location. Very less effective in cleaning city.

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

11.4.3 Proposed System and it’s Working:

In this system, a 24x7 monitoring system is designed for monitoring dumpsters. Here a smart
and organized system is designed for selective clearing. The ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring
the level of waste in the dumpster. DC motor powered platform is used for segregating wet and dry
waste. IR sensor and moisture sensor are used for separating wet and dry waste. If either of the
containers is full then an alert message is sent from the dumpster.

For this purpose, it includes the following list of activities: (i) Controlling and monitoring the
collection of wastes; efficient and speedy transportation to the recycling units/point (ii) Preventing
the waste from spilling from the waste bins during transportation to the recycling units. (iii) Speedy
transportation to recycling units so that the traffic condition will not be bothered in peak hours. (iv)
Proper storage and maintenance in the storage units.

11.5 Block Diagram:

In the given Fig. 11.1 Ultrasonic sensor measure distances by using ultrasonic waves. The
sensor emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the reflected wave back from the target. IR Sensor
emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. Moisture Sensor measures the volumetric
water content in the soil. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used
for remote sensing hydrology and agriculture. DC motor is connected to the digital pins of Arduino.
We are using the serial monitor for the display.

Fig 11.1 Block Diagram of System

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of digital
and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and
other circuits. HC-SR04 is an ultrasonic ranging module that provides 2 cm to 400 cm non-contact
measurement function. The ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm and effectual angle is < 15°. It can

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

be powered from a 5V power supply. R sensor is an electronic device that emits the light in order to
sense some object of the surroundings. The Moisture sensor is used to measure the water content
(moisture) of soil when the soil is having water shortage, the module output is at high level else the
output is at low level. A servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally
this type of motor consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the current position of the
motor shaft; this feedback allows the servo motors to rotate with great precision. LCD modules are
very commonly used in most embedded projects, the reason being its cheap price, availability and
programmer friendly.

11.6 Source Code:

#include <Servo.h>
Servo servo;
int ir = 12; //IR INITIALIZATION
int c;
int sensorPin = A0; //MOISTURE INITIALIZATION
int sensorValue = 0;
int percent = 0;
int Trig1 = 9; //ULTRASONIC 1 YELLOW WIRE
int Echo1 = 8; //BLUE WIRE
int Led1 = 4;
int Trig2 = 10; //ULTRASONIC 2 YELLOW WIRE
int Echo2 = 3; //BLUE WIRE
int Led2 = 2;
int a, b;
long duration1;
int distance1;
long duration2;
int distance2;
int p, q, r;

void setup() {
servo.attach(11);
pinMode(ir, INPUT);
pinMode(Trig1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Echo1, INPUT);
pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Trig2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Echo2, INPUT);
pinMode(Led2, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

int convertToPercent(int value)

{
int percentValue = 0;
percentValue = map(value, 1023, 465, 0, 100);
return percentValue;

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

void printValuesToSerial()
{
Serial.print("\n\nAnalog Value: ");
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.print("\nPercent: ");
Serial.print(percent);
Serial.print("%");
//delay(1000);
}

void loop() {
c = digitalRead(ir);
sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
percent = convertToPercent(sensorValue);
printValuesToSerial();
delay(100);
p = 180;
q = 0;
r = 90;
//main program starts
//--------------------------FOR WASTE SEGREGATION--------------------
if (c == LOW && percent >= 10)
{
servo.write(p);
Serial.println("Motor 180");
Serial.println("Wet waste");
delay(1000);
}
else if (c == LOW && percent <= 10)
{
servo.write(q);
Serial.println("Motor 0");
Serial.println("Dry waste");
delay(1000);
}
else if (c == HIGH)
{ servo.write(r);
Serial.println("No waste");
Serial.println("MOTOR AT REST");
delay(1000);
a = distance1;
b = distance2;
digitalWrite(Trig1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Trig1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

digitalWrite(Trig1, LOW);
duration1 = pulseIn(Echo1, HIGH);
distance1 = (duration1 * 0.034 / 2);

digitalWrite(Trig2, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Trig2, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(Trig2, LOW);
duration2 = pulseIn(Echo2, HIGH);
distance2 = (duration2 * 0.034 / 2);
Serial.print("Distance1 is =");
Serial.print(distance1);
Serial.println(" cm");
//delay(1000);
Serial.print("Distance2 is= ");
Serial.print(distance2);
Serial.println(" cm");
//delay(1000);
if (a <= 2)
{
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
Serial.println("Dustbin 1 is full");
delay(1000);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(Led1, LOW);
}
if (b <= 2)
{
digitalWrite(Led2, HIGH);
Serial.println("Dustbin 2 is full");
delay(1000);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(Led2, LOW);
}
}
else
{ servo.write(90);
Serial.println("No waste");

//---------------------------------FOR DUSTBIN CONTROL-----------------------------

// Checking when motor is at rest
a = distance1;
b = distance2;

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

digitalWrite(Trig1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Trig1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(Trig1, LOW);
duration1 = pulseIn(Echo1, HIGH);
distance1 = (duration1 * 0.034 / 2);
digitalWrite(Trig2, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Trig2, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(Trig2, LOW);
duration2 = pulseIn(Echo2, HIGH);
distance2 = (duration2 * 0.034 / 2);
Serial.print("Distance1 is =");
Serial.print(distance1);
Serial.println(" cm");
//delay(1000);
Serial.print("Distance2 is= ");
Serial.print(distance2);
Serial.println(" cm");
//delay(1000);
if (a <= 2)
{
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
Serial.println("Dustbin 1 is full");
delay(1000);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(Led1, LOW);
}
if (b <= 2)
{
digitalWrite(Led2, HIGH);
Serial.println("Dustbin 2 is full");
delay(1000);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(Led2, LOW);
}
}
Serial.println("-------------------------------------------");
// delay(1000);
}

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

11.7 Snapshot of Project:

Fig 11.2 Snapshot-1

Fig 11.3 Snapshot-2

11.7 Advantages:

1) It saves time and money by using smart waste collection bins and systems equipped with fill
level sensors.

2) As smart transport vehicles go only to the filled containers or bins. It reduces infrastructure,
operating and maintenance costs by up to 30%.

3) It decreases traffic flow and consecutively noise due to less air pollution as result of less waste
collection vehicles on the roads. This has become possible due to two way communication
between smart dustbins and service operators.

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra
Department of Computer Engineering Subject: Laboratory Practice-IV

4) It keeps our surroundings clean and green and free from bad odor of wastes, emphasizes on
healthy environment and keep cities more beautiful. It further reduces manpower
requirements to handle the garbage collection process.

5) Applying smart waste management process to the city optimizes management, resources and
costs which make it a "smart city". It helps administration to generate extra revenue by
advertisements on smart devices.

11.9 Conclusion:

Our Design of IoT based smart waste management system uses Arduino Uno. The target of
this project is achieved through this model. This model is simple to use, easy to transport and compact.
This model can be used across the globe to tackle the problem of waste management effectively. This
model keeps an account of the waste that is dumped into it and separate the dry garbage and the wet
garbage. This model is highly relevant as it gives constant updates about the status of dumpster to the
concerned authority providing benefits to people and the government to tackle the waste management
problem effectively.

Additionally, it saves a lot of time, energy, resources and manpower that has been wasted
earlier in segregation of dry waste and wet waste. The operators of the system don’t need any
specialization as the system is in itself fully automated.

The main objective is to maintain the level of cleanliness in the city and form an environment
which is better for living. By using this system, we can constantly check the level of the garbage in the
dustbins which are placed in various parts of the city. If a particular dustbin has reached the maximum
level then the employees can be informed and they can immediately take certain actions to empty it as
soon as possible. The employees can check the status of these bins anytime on their mobile phones.
This can prove to be a very useful system if used properly.

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SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad, Dist.: Nashik, Maharashtra