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Lecture 1 (Intro To Internet)

The document provides an introduction to the internet, covering its history, evolution, organizations involved and basics of use. It discusses the development of early networks like ARPANET and how they merged to form the internet. Key events from the 1960s to 1990s that led to the modern internet are outlined, including standards, expansions and the introduction of the World Wide Web.

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52 views28 pages

Lecture 1 (Intro To Internet)

The document provides an introduction to the internet, covering its history, evolution, organizations involved and basics of use. It discusses the development of early networks like ARPANET and how they merged to form the internet. Key events from the 1960s to 1990s that led to the modern internet are outlined, including standards, expansions and the introduction of the World Wide Web.

Uploaded by

Par Veen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Internet

Dr. Shamim Al Mamun


Professor
IIT, Jahangirnagar University

1
(Computer Networks)
• We looked at the role of networks in computing
• We looked at several different types of networks
• We familiarized ourselves with networking topologies and protocols

2
Computer Network
Multiple computers that are connected together to share
information and other resources

3
Types of Computer Networks
according to the network access policy

• Private
• Public

4
Types of Computer Networks
according to the distance between nodes

• LAN: Local Area Network

• WAN: Wide Area Network

5
Network Topologies

• The pattern in which computers are connected to form a


network

• Popular patterns:
• Point-to-point
• Star
• Bus
• Ring

• Networks are also formed by combining 2 or more of these


4 basic patterns

6
Networking Protocols
• Networks use protocols, or rules, to exchange information through shared
channels
• These protocols prevent collisions of data caused by simultaneous
transmission between two or more computers
• Several protocols are available for various types of networks. Here we
discuss two that are popular for LANs: Ethernet; Token Ring

7
Types of Communication Channels

•Wire
•Wireless

8
Lecture Goal:
Introduction to the Internet
• To become able to appreciate the role of the Internet in today’s
computing
• To become familiar with the history and evolution of the Internet

9
History of Internet

• NPL network
• ARPANET
• Merit Network
• CYCLADES
• X.25 and public data networks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPqG4dxzDAU

10
1973–1989: Merging the networks and
creating the Internet

11
Organization Related to Internet
•IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
•IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
•ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
•IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group)
•IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
•IRTF (Internet Research Task Force)
•ISOC (Internet Society)
•NANOG (North American Network Operators' Group)
•NRO (Number Resource Organization)
•W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
•OTF (Open Technology Fund)
•EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation)

12
The Internet

13
Basics of using internet

14
How??

15
Internet penetration

https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-bangladesh#:~:text=Internet%20use%20in%20Bangladesh%20in,at%20the%20start%20of%202022.
https://1e8q3q16vyc81g8l3h3md6q5f5e-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Bangladesh-National-ICT-Household-Survey.pdf

16
Bangladesh Internet penetration

• Bangladesh's internet penetration rate stood at 31.5 percent of the


total population at the start of 2022. Internet users in Bangladesh
increased by 5.5 million (+11.6 percent) between 2021 and 2022.

In early 2002,
54% of Australian population
51% of Singaporean population
39% of Japanese population
3% of Chinese population

17
inter net
18
Internet: Network of Networks

• A large number of networks, interconnected physically


• Capable of communicating and sharing data with each
other
• From the user’s point view, Internet – a collection of
interconnected networks – looks like a single, unified
network

2000 2020
2010 19
Chronology of events that led to today’s
Internet

20
1960's

1969 - DoD-ARPA creates an experimental network – ARPANET – as a test-


bed for emerging networking technologies

ARPANET originally connected 4 universities & enabled scientists to share


info & resources across long distances

ARPANET continued to expand throughout the 70's and 80's

21
1970's

Networking tools developed in the 70's include:

1972 - The National Center for Supercomputing Apps. (NCSA) develops the
telnet application for remote login, making it easier to connect to a remote
computer

1973 - FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is introduced, standardizing the transfer


of files between networked computers

22
1980's

1983 - The TCP/IP protocols becomes the only set of protocols used on
the ARPANET

This sets a standard for all networks, and generates the use of the term
Internet as the net of nets

ARPANET splits into two nets to keep military & non-military network sites
separate: ARPANET and MILNET

23
1980's

In 1982 and 1983, the first desktop computers begin to appear

Many are equipped with an OS called Berkeley Unix, which includes


networking SW, allowing easy connection to the Internet using telnet

The PC revolution continues through the 80’s, making access to computer


resources & net-worked info increasingly available to public

24
1980's

1985-86: NSF connects the US’s six supercomputing centers together,


calling it the the NSFNET, or NSFNET backbone

To expand access to the Internet, NSF developed regional nets, which


were then connected to the NSFNET backbone

Plus, NSF supported institutions (universities, etc.) in their efforts to


connect to the regional nets

25
1980's

1987 - NSF awards a grant to Merit Network, Inc. to operate & manage
future development of the NSFNET

Merit collaborates with IBM & MCI on R&D for fast networking
technologies

1989 - The backbone network is upgraded to T1, making it able to


transmit data at speeds of 1.5 Mb/s (approx. 60 pages of text/second)

26
1990's

1990 - The ARPANET is dissolved

1991 - Gopher is developed at the U of MN

It provides a hierarchical, menu-based method for providing & locating info


on the Internet

1993 - CERN releases WWW, developed by Tim Berners-Lee

It uses HTTP and hypertext, revolutionizing the way info is presented &
accessed on Internet

27
Next Lecture

• Intranet and Extranet

28

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