“News Portal”

Project submitted to

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University

in fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
Under the

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

In the discipline

Computer Engineering

By

Raj Vinod Kapure

Chetan Bhanudas Shinde

Jay Balu Koli

Bhagyashri Pravin Bhagat

B-TECH.COMPUTER

Guide

Prof. Velchand Hole

With designation

Department of Computer Engineering

Godavari Foundation’s

Godavari College of Engineering, Jalgaon

( An affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University )

YEAR 2023-2024
 Godavari Foundation’s

Godavari College of Engineering, Jalgaon

(An affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the L.Y.Computer Project “News Portal” submitted by Raj
Vinod Kapure, Jay Balu Koli, Chetan Bhanudas Shinde & Bhagyashri Pravin Bhagat. In
fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in the Department of COMPUTER
ENGINEERING, Godavari College of engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological
University, Lonere is a bonafide record of work carried out by him in the Department of Computer
Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere under my guidance and
supervision. In my opinion this work has attained the standard fulfilling the requirements of the
regulations of the University.

Date:

Place: Jalgaon

GUIDE H.O.D

Prof.Velchand Hole Prof. Nilesh Vani

Dr. V.H. PATIL

PRINCIPAL

Godavari Foundation’s

GODAVARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JALGAON

 DECLARATION / UNDERTAKING

I hereby declare that the work presented in this Project “News

Portal” was carried out by me under the supervision of guide from January
Semester-VII.

This work or any part of this work is based on original research and
has not been submitted by me to any University/Institution for the award of any
degree.

Date :
Place : Jalgaon

Raj Vinod Kapure

Chetan Bhanudas Shinde
Jay Balu Koli
Bhagyashri Pravin Bhagat
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my guide Prof. Nilesh
Chodhary and H.O.D. Prof. Nilesh Vani of Department Of Computer Engineering
for their unflagging support and Continuous encouragement throughout the
seminar work.WithOut their guidance and persistent help this report would not
have been possible.

We must acknowledge the faculties and staffs of Department of

Computer Engineering. It's our great pleasure to acknowledge my colleagues for
providing me support.

We are especially greatful to our Principal Dr. V. H. Patil Sir for their
valuable
guidance.

Raj Vinod Kapure (14)

Chetan Bhanudas Shinde (35)
Jay Balu Koli (16)
Bhagyashri Pravin Bhagat (07)
 Index

 Introduction
 Programming Language
 Development Models
 Software Testing
 Data gathering (Documents and Diagrams)
 System Design
 Software requirements
 Files and Database
 System Development
 System Testing
 Observation
 System Performance
 Limitations
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 Introduction
Now-a-days we live in age of Information Communication and Technology . We can’t think
a single moment without technology. From morning to night, we need help of the technology.
This is the revolutionary time of computer technology. Most of the works depends on web
application. For this reason, anytime, anywhere, anyone can access a website by internet at
low cost and we can find our expectable and most update information from website. At present
information is one the most valuable resource of the current world. We have developed our
project so that we can aware the people.

1.1 Objective of the Present Work

 The objective of this project is to develop a web application for Online News Paper
website that can aware the people
 The objective of this project is to provide the daily news.

 The objective of this project is to provide the breaking news.

 It makes use of various technologies to get required crime oriented information more
quickly, easily, colorfully and attractively.

 To do this for more widely coverage of distribution and faster dissemination of

information in a more timely manner.

 Anytime, anywhere, anyone can know about the news or information by internet at
low cost.

 Dynamically provides facility.

 To add any new information without any complexity.

1.2 Literature Review
A lot of project work has carried on Online News Portal System. At the present time, Online
News Portal websites are available. But most of this website is static and traditional. There is
no feature that can make people awareness. This is why we have done this project. Our project
has many features that can aware the people. By using this website one can get more and more
information that helps the people in their daily life.

1.3 Organization of the Project

In this project we have develop an Online News Portal website. It is a dynamic system. It can

be maintain and changed easily because it is based on database. It’s contain web pages that

are generated in real-time. These pages include Web scripting code, such as PHP. It is fully

secured from unauthorized access. In a word it can say that our Online News Portal website

is a completely dynamic website.

To create the software, we have worked on all possible types of basic codes used for principle
design based on mainly on PHP, CSS and HTML. Here we have used incremental model to
create the software. We have collected all kinds of information related to this software from
the customer. Actually it is one kind of Customized software products.

The project background model specially designed on the basis of certain web programming
language like PHP, MYSQL, JAVASCRIPT, CSS etc. In following section here we are going
to give a brief description about this language in this project.
1.4 Project Modules

News having three modules i.e. user , admin, sub-admins

User module
Anyone can read the news and also search for particular news. The reader can leave comments
on the particular news.

Admin Module
Secure admin login system
Admin Dashboard: In this section admin can view, listed categories & sub categories, total
published news & trashed news.
Sub-admin: In this section, admin can add/edit/delete sub-admin.
Category – In this section admin can add/update/delete the category. Admin can also restore
deleted category.
Sub- Category – In this section admin can add/update/delete the Subcategory. Admin can
also restore deleted Subcategory.
Post – Admin can add /update / delete news posts. admin can also view deleted news post in
trash post section and restore deleted posts.
Pages – Admin can manage the contact of about us and contact us page.
Comments – Admin can approve/ unapproved / delete reader comments.

Su-bAdmin Module
Sub-Admin and Admin features are the same except Sub-Admin creation. Sub-Admin can’t
create the Sub-Admins.
 2.1 Programming Language
PHP

 PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

 PHP is a server-side scripting language,like ASP
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP supports many databases (MYSQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, Generic
ODBC, etc.)
 PHP is an open source software

 PHP is free to download and use

MYSQL

 MYSQL is a database server

 MYSQL is ideal for both small and large applications
 MYSQL supports standard SQL
 MYSQL compiles on a number of platforms

 MYSQL is free to download and use

CSS

 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

 Simple mechanism
 Easy for adding style (e.g., fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents.
2.2 Development Models

There are some Software Process Models these are listed below—

 Waterfall model

 Prototype model

2.2.1 Water fall Model

The waterfall model is probably the oldest and the best-known model as far as software

development process models is concerned. The role of the waterfall model in software

engineering is as important as its role in software testing. Of course, over the years, there are

a number of other software process models which have been designed and implemented, but

what is true is that a lot of them are based (in some way or the other) on the fundamental

principle of the waterfall model.

On that note, let us examine the waterfall model in detail.

Fig. 2.1: Waterfall Model

Advantages of waterfall model:
 Simple and easy to understand and use.
 Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model – each phase has specific
deliverables and a review process.
 Phases are processed and completed one at a time.
 Works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood.

Disadvantages of waterfall model:

 Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change
something that was not well-thought out in the concept stage.
 No working software is produced until late during the life cycle.
 High amounts of risk and uncertainty.
 Not a good model for complex and object-oriented projects.
 Poor model for long and ongoing projects.
 Not suitable for the projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of
changing.
 The project is short.

2.2.2 Prototype Model

The basic idea here is that instead of freezing the requirements before a design or coding can

proceed, a throwaway prototype is built to understand the requirements. This prototype is

developed based on the currently known requirements. By using this prototype, the client can

get an “actual feel” of the system, since the interactions with prototype can enable the client

to better understand the requirements of the desired system. Prototyping is an attractive idea

for complicated and large systems for which there is no manual process or existing system to

help determining the requirements. The prototypes are usually not complete systems and many

of the details are not built in the prototype. The goal is to provide a system with overall

functionality.
 Fig. 2.2: Prototype Model.

Advantages of Prototype model:

 Users are actively involved in the development
 Since in this methodology a working model of the system is provided, the users get a
better understanding of the system being developed.
 Errors can be detected much earlier.
 Quicker user feedback is available leading to better solutions.
Missing functionality can be identified easily
 Confusing or difficult functions can be identified Requirements validation, Quick
implementation of, incomplete, but functional, application.

Disadvantages of Prototype model:

 Leads to implementing and then repairing way of building systems.

 Practically, this methodology may increase the complexity of the system as scope of the
system may expand beyond original plans.

 Incomplete application may cause application not to be used as the full system was
designed Incomplete or inadequate problem analysis.
When to use Prototype model:
 Prototype model should be used when the desired system needs to have a lot of
interaction with the end users.
 Typically, online systems, web interfaces have a very high amount of interaction
with end users, are best suited for Prototype model. It might take a while for a
system to be built that allows ease of use and needs minimal training for the end
user.

 Prototyping ensures that the end users constantly work with the system and provide a
feedback which is incorporated in the prototype to result in a useable system. They
are excellent for designing good human computer interface systems.

2.3 Software Testing

Software Testing Process for executing a program with the intent of finding errors that is
uncovering errors in a program makes it a feasible task and also trying to find the errors
(whose presence is assumed) in a program. As it is a destructive process. To develop our
project we use software testing process.

Introduction

After accepting feasibility report from our departments we have decided to continue under
supervisor, Lecturer, Dept. of CSE,CBST .We have tried to understand the proposed system
by detailed study of the various operations that will be performed by a system. System analysis
is the process of studying an existing system to determine how it works and how it meets user
needs. System analysis lays the groundwork for improvements to the system. The analysis
involves an investigation, which is turn usually involves establishing a relationship with the
client for whom the analysis is done and with the user of the system. This analysis phase is
more of a thinking process. In this phase, we have improved logical aspects of the system. To
develop the system
We have to consider about a key question “What must be done to solve the problem? [1][2]
In this phase we studied the system processes, gathering Operational data, understand the
information flow, finding out weaknesses and evolving solutions for overcoming the
weaknesses of the system so as to achieve the goals. During analysis phase we have concerned
with:

 Data gathering

 Data analysis
 3.1Data gathering
To complete this project first we have gathered necessary data or information from our
supervisor, our respective teachers, friends, junior students of our department, and internet. It
was complex because our system is unique and needed data are not available. It was expensive
too and required a lot of work and time. To gather information we have used certain sources:

 Documentation
&
 Onsite observations

3.1.1 Documentation
During data gathering we searched related information in Google. We found various
procedures, manual, reports, create account forms, loan request form, and many other
materials but all information was difficult to assess. We spend lot of time by reading manual
or reports.

3.2.1 Data Flow Diagram

A data flow diagram is a short road map for that graphically represents how the data moves
through the existing system .we have used data flow diagram in design process. The data flow
diagram provides facilitating communication between us and user. DFD shows what kinds of
information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and
go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of
processes, or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or in parallel.

Circle
The processes are represented by circle shows what the action take on the data-checking. A
process accepts input data needed for the process to be carried out and produces data that it
passes on to another part of the DFD.

Fig. 3.1: circle.

Arrow

Arrow defines direction of the data flow. It shows the direction between a data store to another
data store, source to processes.

Fig. 3.2: Arrow.

Square
Square indicate the source and destination of the system.

Fig. 3.3: Square.

Open Rectangle

A database is a repository of data here it represented by open-ended box. This information

may be stored either temporarily or permanently by admin .Data may be changed or
updated.

Fig. 3.4: Open Rectangle.

Data flow diagram of Online News Portal for the USER

User
Result
Or Database Process
Visitor

Fig. 3.5: A data flow diagram of Online News Portal for the USER.

Data flow diagram of Online News Paper for the Admin

Data Stored
Admin Input
in
Data Process
Database

R
es
ul
t

Fig. 3.6: A data flow diagram of Online News Paper for the Admin.
Use Case Diagram
Visit News
User Case Diagram Portal

Search for News

USER
View News Category
wise

Leave comments on
News

View Contact details

and about us page
Admin Case Diagram
Login

Update own
Password

Admin Dashboard

Manage
Subadmins
(Add/edit/delete)

Create Category
Update/Delete /
Recover

Create Subcategory
ADMIN Update/Delete /
Recover

Publish news/ post

/update / delete /
recover

Manage about and

contact page data

Manage Comments
Approve / Unapproved /
Delete

Logout
ER Diagram:

The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976

[Chen76] as a way to unify the network and relational database views. Simply stated
the ER model is a conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and
relationships. A basic component of the model is the Entity-Relationship diagram
which is used to visually represent data objects. Since Chen wrote his paper the
model has been extended and today it is commonly used for database design for the
database designer, the utility of the ER model is:

 It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can
easily be transformed into relational tables.
 It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the
model can be used by the database designer to communicate the design to the
end user.
 In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer
to implement a data model in specific database management software.

ER Notation
There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling
methodology uses its own notation. The original notation used by Chen is widely
used in academics texts and journals but rarely seen in either CASE tools or
publications by non-academics. Today, there are a number of notations used; among
the more common are Bachman, crow's foot, and IDEFIX.

All notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines
connecting boxes. Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the
cardinality of a connection. The notation used in this document is from Martin. The
symbols used for the basic ER constructs are:

 Entities are represented by labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the

entity. Entity names should be singular nouns.

  Relationships are represented by a solid line connecting two entities. The

name of the relationship is written above the line. Relationship names should

be verbs

 Attributes, when included, are listed inside the entity rectangle. Attributes

which are identifiers are underlined. Attribute names should be singular

nouns.

 Cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow's foot. If the

crow's foot is omitted, the cardinality is one.

Existence is represented by placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line.

Mandatory existence is shown by the bar (looks like a 1) next to the entity for an
instance is required. Optional existence is shown by placing a circle next to the entity
that is optional.
 4.1 System Design
System design is the most creative and challenging. The System Design Document describes

the system requirements, operating environment, system and subsystem architecture, files and

database design, input formats, output layouts, human-machine interfaces, detailed design,

processing logic, and external interfaces.

4.2 Before Start Deign

To make web application for Online News Paper website it is need to select a standard PC
that can support XAMPP.

4.2.1 Hardware Requirements

XAMPP Software installs on a standard PC system. Minimum Hardware requirements are as

follows:

 Processor –Celeron (R) Dual –Core CPU [email protected] 1.90 GHz;

 Installed Memory (RAM) – at least 350 MB;
 System type-32 bit Operating System;
 Model-Presario CQ42 Notebook PC; Resolution-
1366/768;
4.2.2 Software requirements

XAMPP

XAMPP is an easy to install Apache distribution containing MySQL, PHP and Perl.

XAMPP is really very easy to install and to use - just download, extract and start.

XAMPP for Windows

The distribution for Windows 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, 7 and 8. This version contains: Apache,
MySQL, PHP + PEAR, Perl, mod_php, mod_perl, mod_ssl, OpenSSL, phpMyAdmin,

Webalizer, Mercury Mail Transport System for Win32 and NetWare Systems v3.32, Ming,
FileZilla FTP Server, mcrypt, eAccelerator, SQLite, and WEB-DAV + mod_auth_mysql.

 Apache 2.4.9
 MySQL10.1.31Maria
DB
 PHP 7.2.3
 phpMyAdmin 4.7.9

Programming Language
 HTML

 CSS

 Jquery

 PHP

 MySQL
 4.3.1 User Panel Design
In user panel design we have done our task for user. Here we provide facility about Online
News Paper. In index page user can select any options which is needed by him/her. By
selecting options he/she can see the desired page. Then he/she can get the all oriented
information finally. The design of user panel is shown in following flow chart….

User Panel Flow Chart:

START

HOME SEARCH
CONTACT US
CATEGORIES

search.php
ABOUT
categories.php?catid=2
contact-us.php

news-details.php
about-us.php

index.php news-details.php
Leave Comment

Leave Comment

END

Fig. 4.1: The user panel flowchart part.

4.3.2 Admin Panel Design
We have design user login facility to manage and update all of the information. It is fully secured page.
Without appropriate username and password it cannot be accessed by anyone. For admin login after giving
username and password we need to click a login button , when we click login button it is not directly
entered in home page , it stay in login page. Then it starts a session and set two variables called username
and password. If the username and password are matched with database, it can enter in home page. It is
not possible without click login button. In case if username or password are not matched with database
than Invalid username or password massage is shown. We can describe the login facility in admin login
by using below flow chart given below--
 Admin Login Flow Chart:

Start

admin Login

if($_POST['username]==$arr[username]
Manage &&
Comments password_verify($password, $hashpassword)
Approve/ No
Unapprove /
Delete
Yes Wrong username OR
Dashboard password
Dashboard.php

Change Password

Category logout
ADD/ UPDATE /
DELETE

SubCategory
ADD/ UPDATE Pages
/DELETE About & Contact us
UDATE Details

Posts /News
ADD/UPDATE/TRASHED/
RECOVERY/DELETE

RESULT

Fig. 4.2: Admin Login Flow Chart.

STOP
4.3.3 Files and Database
We have organized one database news portal for system design. It can be accessed directly or sequentially

by registered. The database determines files, record, fields, and characters. It can be easily controlled and

updated. This database and its table and component are described by using flow diagram that is given in

the below……….
Newsportal Database has 6 tables
 tbladmin
 tblcategory
 tblcomments
 tblpages
 tblposts
 tblsubcategory
 tbladmin

 tblcategory

 tblcomments
 tblpages

 tblposts

 Tblsubcategory
Relationship between tables (Class Diagram)
 5.1 Activities of the System Development
We divided system development phase’s activities into three categories. These provide
components of the development phase that can construct the program and including a
list of the programs needed to meet the systems objectives and complete documentation

To complete our system development we three type of specification. These

are……………..

1. User specification.
2. Admin specification.
3. Files and database.

5.1.1 User Specification

The proposed systems are physically developed in this stage. User specification or output
specification provides the proposed system goals. User specification stage fulfilled the user
need by preparing building blocks of the system .User specification are developed by based
on output design. It provides total outlook of the system and offer various features for user.
After going to http://localhost/newsportal/index.php a user can see the view.
HomePage
About Us

Contact Us
News
Admin Login

Dashboard
Change Password

Add Sub Admin

Manage Subadmin

Update Subadmin
Add Category

Manage Category
Update Category

Add Sub-Category
Manage Sub-Category

Update Sub-Category
Add Post

Manage Post
Update Post
About Us Page

Contact Us Page
Comments

Forgot Password

Build up Our project We Use Software Testing Process for executing a program with the
intent of finding errors that is uncovering errors in a program makes it a feasible task and also
trying to find the errors (whose presence is assumed) in a program. As it is a destructive
process.
 6.1 Type of testing we use in our Project
Here we just mentioned that how the testing is related to this software and in which way we
have test the software? In our project we have used 5 types of testing these are listed below-

Unit Testing: Unit testing where individual program units or object classes are tested.
Here by using this testing we have focused on testing the functionality of methods.

Module Testing: Where this is the combination of unit program is called module. Here we
tested the unit program (5-6 programs) is where the module programs have dependency.

Sub-system Testing: Then we combined some module for the Preliminary System Testing in
our Project.

System Testing: Where it is the combination of two or more sub-system and then it is tested.
Here we tested the Entire system as per the requirements.

Acceptance Testing: Normally this type of testing is done to verify if system meets the
customer specified requirements. After submitting this project to User then they tested it and
to determine whether to accept application. It is the system testing performed by the
customer(s) to determine whether they should accept the delivery of the system.

In our project work, an attempt has been made to develop a News or information based web
site. We develop this project that helps the people and make them aware so that they can know
any news. To establish this website we use various methodologies. To develop this project we
have faced many problem but we hardly tried to develop this project. Our supervisor helps us
by giving his valuable opinion, decision and time.
 7.1 Observation
The above experiment leads us to the following observations:

It makes online news oriented information easier to its user.

It provides a wonderful user interface that attracts more and more user.
To provides a flexible way of real time communication that safe user’s time and effort.
To provides a safe and secure communication system.
It makes use of various technologies and updated news about various crime and rules and
crime oriented information that is more effective and useful for conscious people.
It can offer the faster and informative information system about crime news and rules of the
country.
To do this for more widely coverage of distribution and faster dissemination of information
in a more timely manner.
To introduce the people about the system
To get information about current world all ages anytime, anywhere, anyone can access by
internet at low cost.
7.2 System Performance
System performance totally depends on the output of the system. The percentage of success
rate and failure rate has been calculated using the following equations: Success:

Failure:

The performance is related to success rate and failure rate. If the success is high then the
performance of the system is good. Success rate and Failure rate are contradiction of each
other. So when success rate is high then failure rate is low. In the two terms the performance
of the system is depended.

7.3 Limitations

There are some limitations for the current system to which solutions can be provided as
a future development:

 We don’t manage news reporting system.

 Sensibility level could not add.

7.4 Future scope

The future scope of our project is valuable. Our project time duration was
only one years .In this time interval we developed our project. It was very
difficult to complete project within this time duration. In future if we get
chance we will develop this website for large volume.
As for other future developments, the following can be done:

 We will manage news reporting system.

 We can make video conferencing system.

 We update our database.

 Sensibility level could add be added.

 Conclusion

In our project work, an attempt has been made to develop News or information
based web site. We develop this project that helps the people and make them
aware so that they can know any news. To establish this website we use various
methodologies. To develop this project we have faced many problem but we
hardly tried to develop this project. Our supervisor helps us by giving his valuable
opinion, decision and time.
 Bibliography

For PHP
 https://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp
 https://www.sitepoint.com/php/
 https://www.php.net/

For MySQL
 https://www.mysql.com/
 http://www.mysqltutorial.org

For XAMPP
 https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html