Scribd
Upload
25 views10 pages

Internet and Protocol-2

Uploaded by

Par Veen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views10 pages

Internet and Protocol-2

Uploaded by

Par Veen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Internet and Protocol

Covered lectures

• What is internet? (Lecture-1)


• Infrastructure (Lecture-1)
• IP address (Lecture-2)
• Protocol Stacks and Packets (Lecture-2)
• Internet Routing Hierarchy (Lecture-2)
• Application Protocols: HTTP and the World Wide Web (Lecture-3)
• TCP/IP (Lecture-3)
• UDP(Lecture-3)

2
Exercise-3

3
IP address

4
Protocol Stacks and Packets

5
Protocol

6
ICMP messages are typically used for
Internet Protocol (IP) diagnostic or control purposes or
generated in response to errors
in IP operations (as specified in RFC
1122)
The Internet Protocol layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack is the first
layer that introduces the virtual network abstraction that is the basic
principle of the Internet model.

Datagram

7
• LEN
• The number of 32 bit-segments in the IP header. Without any OPTIONS,
this value is 5
• TYPE OF SERVICE
• Each IP datagram can be given a precedence value ranging from 0-7
showing the importance of the datagram. This is to allow out-of-band data
to be routed faster than normal data. This is very important as Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages travels as the data part of an
IP datagram.

8
• IDENT, FLAGS, and FRAGMENT OFFSET
• These fields are used to describe fragmentation of a datagram. The actual
length of an IP datagram is in principle independent of the length of the
physical frames being transferred on the network, referred to as the
network's Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU). The IDENT flag is used to identify
segments belonging to the same datagram, and the FRAGMENT OFFSET is
the relative position of the fragment within the original datagram. Once a
datagram is fragmented it stays like that until it receives the final
destination. If one or more segments are lost or erroneous the whole
datagram is discarded.
• TIME
• This is the remaining Time To Live (TTL) for a datagram when it travels on
the Internet. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) specifies that at most
15 hops are allowed.
• SOURCE IP-ADDRESS and DESTINATION IP-ADDRESS

9
Internet Routing Hierarchy

10

You might also like