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The Nervous System (Autosaved)

The document discusses the nervous system in humans. It covers the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord. It discusses neurons, reflex actions, and reflex arcs. It also contains quizzes to test understanding of the content.

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Prince Boahene
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32 views22 pages

The Nervous System (Autosaved)

The document discusses the nervous system in humans. It covers the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord. It discusses neurons, reflex actions, and reflex arcs. It also contains quizzes to test understanding of the content.

Uploaded by

Prince Boahene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Nervous System

INDEX
01 PART ONE:
Central Nervous System: Basic
content
02 QUIZ YOURSELF
Check whether you have mastered part one’s
content.

03 PART TWO:
Difference between Reflex actions and a
reflex Arc

04 QUIZ YOURSELF
Assess whether you have mastered all the
content.
PART ONE: Central Nervous system

The need for a nervous system in humans:


• To respond to internal and external change
• Co-ordinate the various activities of the body

When you
When you
hear a
touch
noise...
something

STIMULUS – any change in the environment


IMPULSE – a message transmitted by nerves
PART ONE: Central Nervous system

Central Nervous System Consists of;

1.Brain: [Cerebrum, Cerebellum,Corpus callosum, Medulla oblongata]


&
2. Spinal cord
PART ONE: Central Nervous system

PROTECTION OF THE CNS


The brain is enclosed by the skull and the spinal cord by the
vertebral column.
Both the brain and spinal cord are
enclosed by the 3 membranes,
called the meninges
PART ONE: Central Nervous system
PART ONE: Central Nervous system

Functions of the spinal cord:


·Provides a pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain
·The spinal cord serves as a centre for reflex actions
PART ONE:
QUIZ
First take a quiz before
continuing to Part Two. If
you don’t do well, you
should review part one’s
content.
Review Part One

Continue to Part Two


PART TWO: nervous system continued

Spinal AND Autonomic


Brain Somatic NS
cord NS
PART TWO: nervous system continued

Structure and Functions of [Neurons: – specialized nerve cells]


N
PART TWO: nervous system continued

In neurons….
● Dendrites: transmit/carry impulses towards the cell body of neurons
● Axons: transmit/carry impulses away from the cell body of neurons
Motor Neuron

You must be able to


draw and label a
simple
of a neuron:
PART TWO: nervous system continued

DIFFERENT TYPES OF NEURONS


interneuron
PART TWO: nervous system continued
• RECEPTOR: special cells that become aware of the STIMULUS (the
change) and converts it into an IMPULSE (message carried by
nerves)

• EFFECTOR: an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus


(REACTS) – muscles or glands
PART TWO: nervous system continued

interneuron
Now try this question: The diagram below shows part of a person’s
nervous system that has been cut at X

A bee stings the finger, as shown in the diagram above. What are the effects of this sting
on the person?

A. The person feels no pain and does not move his / her arm away.
B. The person feels no pain and moves his / her arm away.
C. The person feels pain and does not move his / her arm away.
D. The person feels pain and moves his / her arm away.
The diagram below shows a neuron carrying an impulse.

Identify the type of neuron and the direction of the impulse.

A. A motor neuron, the impulse travels towards the spinal cord.


B. A sensory neuron, the impulse travels towards the spinal cord.
C. A motor neuron, the impulse travels away from the spinal cord.
D. A sensory neuron, the impulse travels away from the spinal cord

NB: Do 1.1 and 1.2 of the revision questions


PART TWO: reflex actions and a reflex arc

The difference between: A Reflex Action and


a Reflex Arc.
•Reflex action – a quick, automatic movement/action by an
effector, in response to a stimulus received by a receptor
•Reflex arc – pathway along which nerve impulses are
carried from a receptor to an effector to bring about a
reflex action.
PART TWO: reflex actions and a reflex arc

Structure and labels of a Reflex Arc:


PART TWO: reflex actions and a reflex arc

The significance (importance) of a reflex action:


Reflex actions protect the body from dangerous situations,
protects from serious injury, from the external environment.

The significance (importance) of a synapse:


To ensure that impulses travel in one direction

synaps
Direction of impulses
PART TWO: nervous system continued
Causes and symptoms of disorders

Alzheimers Multiple sclerosis

Now do questions 1.3 and 1.4


QUIZ
YOURSELF
Check whether you
have mastered the
content covered in this
Slide.

Revise part two.

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