The document provides information about garlic farming including climate and soil requirements, varieties, propagation methods, planting time and spacing, fertilizer use, weed and pest management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and costs and returns. Garlic is grown for its bulb and is used as a spice or condiment. It requires cool temperatures during growth and well-drained soil.
The document provides information about garlic farming including climate and soil requirements, varieties, propagation methods, planting time and spacing, fertilizer use, weed and pest management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and costs and returns. Garlic is grown for its bulb and is used as a spice or condiment. It requires cool temperatures during growth and well-drained soil.
The document provides information about garlic farming including climate and soil requirements, varieties, propagation methods, planting time and spacing, fertilizer use, weed and pest management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and costs and returns. Garlic is grown for its bulb and is used as a spice or condiment. It requires cool temperatures during growth and well-drained soil.
The document provides information about garlic farming including climate and soil requirements, varieties, propagation methods, planting time and spacing, fertilizer use, weed and pest management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and costs and returns. Garlic is grown for its bulb and is used as a spice or condiment. It requires cool temperatures during growth and well-drained soil.
Implemented by North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Limited (NEDFi) Model Project Profile
Garlic Allium sativum Alliaceae Garlic is one of the important bulb crops grown and used as a spice or condiment. Garlic has higher nutritive value than other bulb crops. It is mainly used for flavouring and seasoning vegetables and many dishes. It is rich in proteins, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates. Garlic is carminative and is a gastric stimulant and thus help in digestion and absorption of food. Allicin present in aqueous extract of garlic reduces cholesterol concentration in human blood.
Climate and Soil: Garlic can be grown well up at elevation of 1000–1300 m from the mean sea level. It requires short days, cool (12–180C) moist period during vegetative growth. A well-drained friable soil rich in organic matter with a pH range of 6.0 – 7.0 is ideal for good crop.
Propagation: Garlic is propagated by single clove, Bulbils and Tissue culture techniques
Seed rate: About 500kg of 8-10mm diameter cloves are required to plant one hectare of land.
Planting time: Usually, Garlic is planted during September– November.
Spacing: The planting distance is 15cm X 10cm.
Manures and Fertilizers: Apply FYM@50tonnes/ha at the time of field preparation. Recommended fertilizer dose is 100kg N, 50kgP2O5 and 50kg K2O per hectare for better yield.
Weed management: First weeding is done one month after planting and second one month after first weeding. Pendimethalin @ 3.5 litres or Goal @ 0.25 kg/ha + 1 hand-weeding gives good control of broad leave weeds. Water management: Garlic needs irrigation at 8 days intervals during vegetative growth and 10-15 days during maturation.
Harvesting and Yield: Garlic becomes ready for harvesting when its tops turn yellowish or brownish and show signs of drying up and bending over. The bulbs mature 130-180days after planting. The yields of garlic bulbs vary from 100 to 200q/ha depending upon variety and regions.
Post Harvest Management: Proper curing, sorting and grading, transportation and storage are essential to minimize the post harvest looses in garlic crop. Cold storage of garlic is possible at 0.5-2.2°C temperature and 60-70% relative humidity.
Plant Protection Measures:
Diseases
Advancing North East 1
Model Project Profile
Purple Blotch: It appears on leaves as small whitish sunken lesions with purple centres that rapidly enlarge. The leaves fall over gradually. Spraying of Mancozeb @ 2.5 g/litre of water at 15 days intervals gives good control.
Cercospora Leaf Blight: This disease appears on leaves as small, ash-coloured and irregular shaped spots scattered on leaf lamina. The spots coalesce gradually and results in blightening of foliage. Spraying of Ziram or Captan @ 2.0 g/litre of water or copper oxychloride @ 3.0 g /litre of water at fortnightly intervals gives good control.
Powdery Mildew: Distinct pale-yellow patches of variable size on abaxial surface of leaf associated with powdery mass are its main characteristics. Sulphur fungicides @ 2.0 g/ litre of water if sprayed at regular intervals of 15 days after disease appearance gives good control.
Mosaic Disease: It shows typical symptoms of chlorotic mottling and strips on first emerging leaf followed by pale-yellow broken stripes, resulting in typical mosaic pattern on matured leaves. Spraying of monocrotophos @ 0.5 ml/litre of water or methyl demeton @ 0.75 ml/litre of water is useful. Pests Thrips: Thrips are feed on leaf surfaces, causing them to whiten or silver. They are slender about 1/25" long usually hide in angles of leaves. Spraying of Malathion @ 1 ml/ litre or Methyldemeton @ 0.75 ml/ litre of water gives good control if sprayed at frequent intervals.
Stem and Bulb Nematode: The infestation causes the basal portion of mature plants to swell and become spongy and frequently broken by longitudinal splits. The tissue rots, the leaves and stems become rotten and twisted and the plant is stunted. Pre-planting soil fumigation with dichloro-propene- dichloropropane mixture @ 500 kg/ha is recommended.
Advancing North East 2
Model Project Profile
Cost and Returns of Garlic Crop (Rs/ ha.)
Particulars Approx. amount of
Cost/Returns (Rs) Land Preparation 12000 Seed /Planting material cost 9000 Sowing/Planting Cost 5800 Manures and Fertilizers cost 16500 Labour cost (Intercultural operations) 16400 Plant Protection Cost 14800 Irrigation cost 5200 Equipment and farm machinery cost 3200 Rental cost of land 24000 Cost of Harvesting 8000 Cost of marketing 5500 Miscl. Expenditure 3000 Total Cost of Cultivation 123400 Yield 10tonnes/ha Average selling price of Garlic Rs.40/kg Total Income / Return 400000 Net Income 276600
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