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MicroprocessorBasedSystems Term-II Lec4 Embedded C Programming IO TimerCounter1

The document discusses programming 8051 microcontrollers in embedded C, including I/O configuration, data types, time delays, accessing GPIO and SFR addresses, bit-wise operations, RAM and code space usage, and data serialization. Example code is provided to demonstrate various C programming techniques for the 8051 architecture.

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Mohamed Salah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

MicroprocessorBasedSystems Term-II Lec4 Embedded C Programming IO TimerCounter1

The document discusses programming 8051 microcontrollers in embedded C, including I/O configuration, data types, time delays, accessing GPIO and SFR addresses, bit-wise operations, RAM and code space usage, and data serialization. Example code is provided to demonstrate various C programming techniques for the 8051 architecture.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Salah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

E1322

Microprocessor based Systems II

‘Embedded C Programming
(I/O Configuration)’

Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry

Date: 02.03.2024, Time: 15:00


Objective

▪ Be able to program the 8051 GPIOs in


embedded C.

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 2


Why Program 8051 in C?

▪ Compilers produce hex files that is downloaded


to ROM of microcontroller
▪ The size of hex file is the main concern
▪ C programming is less time consuming, but has
larger hex file size
▪ The reasons for writing programs in C
▪ It is easier and less time consuming to write in C than
Assembly
▪ C is easier to modify and update
▪ You can use code available in function libraries
▪ C code is portable to other microcontroller with little of
no modification
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 3
Data Types

▪ A good understanding of C data types for


8051 can help programmers to create smaller
hex files
▪ Unsigned char
▪ Signed char
▪ Unsigned int
▪ Signed int
▪ Sbit (single bit)
▪ Bit and sfr

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 4


Data Types, Unsigned char

▪ The character data type is the most natural


choice
▪ 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller
▪ Unsigned char is an 8-bit data type in the range
of 0 – 255 (00 – FFH)
▪ One of the most widely used data types for the 8051
(counters and ASCII characters)
▪ C compilers use the signed char as the default if
we do not put the keyword unsigned

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 5


Data Types, Unsigned char

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 6


Data Types, Unsigned char

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 7


Data Types, Signed char

▪ The signed char is an 8-bit data type


▪ Use the MSB D7 to represent – or +
▪ Give us values from –128 to +127
▪ We should stick with the unsigned char unless
the data needs to be represented as signed
numbers
▪ Temperature

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 8


Data Types, Unsigned and Signed int

▪ The unsigned int is a 16-bit data type


▪ Takes a value in the range of 0 to 65535 (0000 –
FFFFH)
▪ Define 16-bit variables such as memory addresses
▪ Set counter values of more than 256
▪ Since registers and memory accesses are in 8-bit
chunks, the misuse of int variables will result in a larger
hex file
▪ Signed int is a 16-bit data type
▪ Use the MSB D15 to represent – or +
▪ We have 15 bits for the magnitude of the number from
–32768 to +32767
© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 9
Data Types, Unsigned and Signed int

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 10


Data Types, Bit and sfr

▪ The bit data type allows access to single bits


of bit-addressable memory spaces 20 – 2FH
▪ To access the byte-size SFR registers, we use
the sfr data type

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 11


Time Delay

▪ There are two ways to create a time delay in


8051 C
▪ Using the 8051 timer
▪ Using a simple for loop
▪ Delay accuracy is affected by the compiler
choice
▪ C compiler converts the C statements and functions
to Assembly language instructions
▪ Different compilers produce different code

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 12


Time Delay

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 13


Time Delay

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 14


Byte Size IO

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 15


Byte Size IO

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 16


Byte Size IO

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 17


Bit-Addressable I/O

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 18


Bit-Addressable I/O

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 19


Bit-Addressable I/O

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 20


Bit-Addressable I/O

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 21


Accessing SFR Addresses 80 - FFH

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 22


Accessing SFR Addresses 80 - FFH

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 23


Using bit Data Type for Bit-addressable RAM

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 24


Bit-wise Operators in C

▪ Logical operators
▪ AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!)
▪ Bit-wise operators
▪ AND (&), OR (|), EX-OR (^), Inverter (~), Shift
Right (>>), and Shift Left (<<)
▪ These operators are widely used in software engineering for
embedded systems and control

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 25


Bit-wise Operators in C

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 26


Bit-wise Operators in C

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 27


Bit-wise Operators in C, Packed BCD to ASCII

Packed BCD 2 9

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 28


Bit-wise Operators in C, ASCII to Packed BCD

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 29


Checksum Operation

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 30


RAM Data Space Usage by 8051 C Compiler

▪ The 8051 C compiler allocates RAM locations


▪ Bank 0 – addresses 0 – 7
▪ Individual variables – addresses 08 and beyond
▪ Array elements – addresses right after variables
▪ Array elements need contiguous RAM locations and that
limits the size of the array due to the fact that we have
only 128 bytes of RAM for everything
▪ Stack – addresses right after array elements

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 31


RAM Data Space Usage by 8051 C Compiler

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 32


Code ROM Space Usage by 8051 C Compiler

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 33


Data Serialization

▪ Serializing data is a way of sending a byte of


data one bit at a time through a single pin of
microcontroller
▪ Using the serial port
▪ Transfer data one bit a time and control the
sequence of data and spaces in between them
▪ In many new generations of devices such as LCD, ADC, and
ROM the serial versions are becoming popular since they
take less space on a PCB

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 34


Data Serialization

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 35


Data Serialization

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 36


Data Serialization

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 37


Reg51.h

▪ See the PDF file

Required: Calculator Project in Embedded C

© Dr. Ahmed El-Awamry 01.03.2024 38


Appendix

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