THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH SENTENCE PATTERNS/STRUCTURES

S+VI (Adv) – a verb that doesn't need an object

Explain more:

Subject (S): The subject is a noun or pronoun that forms the central focus of the
sentence, telling us who or what the sentence is about. It's the entity performing the action or
existing in the state described by the verb. For instance, in the sentence "Birds fly," 'birds' is
the subject, and in "The clock ticks," 'the clock' is the subject.
Intransitive Verb (VI): Intransitive verbs are those actions or states that don't transfer
their action to an object; in other words, they don’t need a direct object to complete their
meaning. These verbs are complete in expressing an action or a state of being on their own. For
example, in "She sleeps," 'sleeps' is an intransitive verb, as it doesn’t require an object to make
sense. Similarly, in "The sun sets," 'sets' is an intransitive verb, fully conveying the action
without the need for an object.
Adverb (Adv): Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or even entire
sentences by providing additional information. They come in various types, each serving a
specific function. Adverbs of manner describe how something is done, like "beautifully" in
"She sings beautifully." Adverbs of time specify when or for how long an action occurs, such
as "early" in "He arrived early." Adverbs of place indicate where an action happens,
exemplified by "nearby" in "They live nearby." Adverbs of frequency describe how often an
action occurs, like "often" in "She often reads." Finally, adverbs of degree express the extent
or level of something, as seen in "extremely" in "The water is extremely hot." The position of
an adverb in a sentence can vary; it can be placed before or after the verb, depending on the
specific adverb and the emphasis desired. For example, "The dog barks loudly" features 'loudly'
as an adverb modifying 'barks,' while "We occasionally meet" uses 'occasionally' to indicate
the frequency of the meeting.
When these elements are combined in the S + VI (Adv) pattern, the subject and the
intransitive verb together express a complete thought, with the adverb adding depth and detail
by providing more information about the action or state. An example of this pattern is "The
leaves rustle softly in the wind," where "The leaves" is the subject, "rustle" is the intransitive
verb, and "softly" is the adverb describing how the leaves rustle.

Sample Sentences
S: n, pronoun, .............., .............., ..............
1. He walks (slowly).
Subject (S): He
Intransitive Verb (VI): walks
Adverb (Adv): slowly
2. Dogs (always) bark.
Subject (S): Dogs
Intransitive Verb (VI): bark
Adverb (Adv): always
3. I am walking (slowly).
Subject (S): I
Intransitive Verb (VI): am walking
Adverb (Adv): slowly
4. They were running (fast)
Subject (S): They
Intransitive Verb (VI): were running
Adverb (Adv): fast
5. The shops close (at 9.00 p.m.) (every day.)
Subject (S): The shops
Intransitive Verb (VI): close
Adverb (Adv): at 9.00 p.m. (time), every day (frequency)

Sentence Patterns
1. Stars twinkle above the quiet town.
2. Frogs croak softly in the pond.
3. Rain falls gently during the night.
4. Wind whispers through the leaves.
5. Clocks tick in the silent hall.
6. Snowflakes drift down lazily.
7. Children laugh playing in the park.
8. Fish swim near the surface.
9. Birds soar high in the sky.

S+VT+O- a verb that needs an object

Explain more:
Subject (S): The subject is the pivotal element of a sentence. It is usually a noun or a pronoun
and is responsible for the action conveyed by the verb or is the entity being described. The subject tells
us who or what the sentence is about. For instance, in the sentence "The cat chased the mouse," 'the cat'
is the subject because it is the entity performing the action of chasing.
Transitive Verb (VT): Transitive verbs are action verbs that necessitate the presence of an
object to convey a complete meaning. These verbs transfer the action from the subject to the object. A
sentence with a transitive verb feels incomplete without an object. For example, in "She reads a book,"
'reads' is the transitive verb, and its action is directed towards 'a book,' which is necessary to complete
the meaning of the verb.
Object (O): The object in a sentence is the recipient or target of the action performed by the
transitive verb. It can take various forms, such as a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause, and answers the
questions "what?" or "whom?" in relation to the action of the verb. In "He kicked the ball," for example,
'the ball' is the object that is receiving the action of being kicked.
This structure is critical in constructing clear and meaningful sentences in English. It clearly
delineates who or what is performing the action and who or what is affected by it.

S: n, pronoun
1. John loves me. S+VT+O
2. He loves me. S+VT+O
Sentence Patterns
1. The artist paints a portrait.
2. She gave her friend a gift.
3. They showed the tourists the ancient ruins.
4. I found the keys lost.
5. He wants her to succeed.

Sample Sentences
O: n, pronoun, infinitive phrase, gerund, noun clause
1. I love John. S+VT+O
2. John loves me. S+VT+0
3. I want to go home. S+VT+O
4. She hates loving you. S+VT+O
5. He likes what you have said S+VT+O
Sentence Patterns
1. The teacher instructs the students.
2. They invited her to the party.
3. She needs to finish her work.
4. He enjoys swimming in the lake.
5. We heard that she won the award.
6. I will send you the details tomorrow.
7. They found it strange.
8. Laura bought a car with her savings.
9. She avoids going out in the rain.
10. He prefers to read rather than to watch TV.

S+VT+IO+DO/ S+VT+DO+to/for+IO
Explain more:
Subject (S): The subject in these structures is the person, place, thing, or idea performing the
action. Typically represented by a noun or pronoun, the subject is the main focus of the sentence. For
example, in "The teacher gave the student a book," 'the teacher' is the subject who is performing the
action.
Transitive Verb (VT): In these sentence structures, the transitive verb is crucial as it denotes
an action that is directed towards an object. It requires a direct object to complete its meaning and
indicates the action being performed by the subject. In the example "The teacher gave the student a
book," 'gave' is the transitive verb that connects the subject with the objects.
Indirect Object (IO): The indirect object typically follows the transitive verb and is the
recipient of the direct object. It is often a noun or pronoun and answers the question "to whom" or "for
whom" the action of the verb is performed. In the example provided, 'the student' is the indirect object
receiving the direct object.
Direct Object (DO): The direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the
transitive verb. It provides the answer to "what?" or "whom?" in relation to the verb's action. In "The
teacher gave the student a book," 'a book' is the direct object being given.
The sentence structure varies depending on the placement of the indirect object. In
S+VT+IO+DO, the structure is straightforward, with the indirect object directly following the verb and
then the direct object, as seen in "The teacher gave the student a book." Alternatively, in
S+VT+DO+to/for+IO, the structure is slightly altered, especially when the indirect object is a longer
phrase. Here, the direct object comes immediately after the verb, followed by the prepositions 'to' or
'for' and then the indirect object, as in "The teacher gave a book to the student." These structures are
essential in English for clearly expressing actions involving multiple objects.

Verbs
bring give paint show make
draw grant sell tell select
find leave send write fetch
offer lend mail pass teach
hand throw provide deliver explain

Sample Sentences
S: n, pronoun, ………….., ………….., …………..
1.
Jane cooks me breakfast every morning
Jane cooks breakfast for me every morning.
- S: Jane
- VT: cooks
- IO: me
- DO: breakfast
2.
I gave you a book.
I gave a book to you.
- S: I
- VT: gave
- IO: you
- DO: a book
3.
To win the competition brings me confidence.
To win the competition brings confidence to me.
- S: To win the competition
- VT: brings
- IO: me
- DO: confidence
4.
Living here alone gives me boredom.
Living here alone gives boredom to me.
- VT: gives
- IO: me
- DO: boredom
5.
What you told her left Jane sadness.
What you told her left sadness for Jane.
- S: What you told her
 - VT: left
- IO: Jane
- DO: sadness

Sentence Patterns
O: n, pronoun, noun clause
1. Jane cooks me breakfast every morning
Jane cooks breakfast for me every morning.
2. I gave you a book.
I gave a book to you.
3. To win the competition brings me confidence.
To win the competition brings confidence to me.
4. Living here alone gives me boredom.
Living here alone gives boredom to me.
5. What you told her left Jane sadness.
What you told her left sadness for Jane.

Sentence Patterns
1. The teacher showed the students a new method.
2. The waiter brought a drink to the customer
3. This situation gives whoever works hard an advantage.
4. My parents offered me to travel abroad.
5. The incident taught learning patience to him.
6. She told him the truth.
7. The verdict brought closure for those who waited.
8. The news left us shocked.
9. He reads bedtime stories to his children every night.
10. They must give their team a chance.

S+LV+SC
Explain more:
Subject (S): The subject is the central element of a sentence. It's typically a noun or pronoun
that indicates who or what the sentence is about, often performing an action or being in a certain state.
For instance, in the sentence "The sky is blue," 'the sky' is the subject. It's what the sentence is
describing.
Linking Verb (LV): Linking verbs play a crucial role in this structure as they don't express
action but instead connect the subject to further information about itself. These verbs serve as a bridge
between the subject and the subject complement. Common examples include forms of the verb "be"
(like am, is, are, was, were), as well as verbs like "seem," "become," and "appear." In "The sky is blue,"
'is' functions as the linking verb, connecting the subject 'the sky' to additional information about its
color.
Subject Complement (SC): The subject complement provides more details about the subject,
often describing its state or identifying it in a different way. It follows the linking verb and can take
various forms:
- An adjective, which describes the subject's quality or state. For example, in "The cake is
delicious," 'delicious' is an adjective that describes the subject 'the cake.'
- A noun or pronoun that renames or identifies the subject, also known as a predicate
nominative. For example, "Mr. Smith is a teacher" uses 'a teacher' to identify 'Mr. Smith.'
- An infinitive phrase or a prepositional phrase that adds more information about the subject.
For instance, "Her favorite activity is to read books" uses the infinitive phrase 'to read books' to describe
'her favorite activity.'

S: n, pronoun, ……………., ……………., …………….

Verbs
Perceive Feel call Name have
Make choose entitle help let
Find crown term keep See
Prove elect label tell hear
suppose select Deem want watch
O: n, pronoun, ……………., …………….
OC: adj, noun, pronoun, ..............., bare infinitive, past participle, present participle, ………….

Sample Sentences
S: n, pronoun, ……………., ……………., …………….
1. Marry considered John Intelligent.
2. Marry and John elected John the president.
3. She made it hers.
4. They wanted him to do the job.
5. They let him do it.
6. They let the news released.
7. They watch the kite flying away.
8. Everything made him who we loved.
9. To love you makes me crazy.
10. Loving you makes me crazy.
11. What you have done makes me happy.

Sentence Patterns
1. Marry considered John Intelligent.
- S + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: Marry, Verb: considered, Direct Object: John, Object Complement: Intelligent (adjective)
2. Marry and John elected John the president.
- S + VT + DO + OC (noun)
- Subject: Marry and John, Verb: elected, Direct Object: John, Object Complement: the president
(noun)
3. She made it hers.
- S + VT + DO + OC (pronoun)
- Subject: She, Verb: made, Direct Object: it, Object Complement: hers (pronoun)
4. They wanted him to do the job.
- S + VT + DO + OC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: They, Verb: wanted, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: to do the job (infinitive
phrase)
5. They let him do it.
- S + VT + DO + OC (bare infinitive)
- Subject: They, Verb: let, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: do it (bare infinitive)
6. They let the news released.
- S + VT + DO + OC (past participle)
- Subject: They, Verb: let, Direct Object: the news, Object Complement: released (past participle)
7. They watch the kite flying away.
- S + VT + DO + OC (present participle)
- Subject: They, Verb: watch, Direct Object: the kite, Object Complement: flying away (present
participle)
8. Everything made him who we loved.
- S + VT + DO + OC (noun clause)
 - Subject: Everything, Verb: made, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: who we loved (noun
clause)
9. To love you makes me crazy.
- S (infinitive phrase) + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: To love you, Verb: makes, Direct Object: me, Object Complement: crazy (adjective)
10. Loving you makes me crazy.
- S (gerund phrase) + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: Loving you, Verb: makes, Direct Object: me, Object Complement: crazy (adjective)
11. What you have done makes me happy.
- S (noun clause) + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: What you have done, Verb: makes, Direct Object: me, Object Complement: happy
(adjective)

Sample Sentences
O: n, pronoun, ……………., …………….
1. Marry considered John Intelligent.
2. Marry and John elected John the president.
3. She made it hers.
4. They wanted him to do the job.
5. They let him do it.
6. They let the news released.
7. They watch the kite flying away.
8. Everything made him who we loved.
9. Many students find leaning sentence patterns easy.
10. We believe whatever she has said to be true.
Sentence Patterns
1. Marry considered John Intelligent.
- S + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: Marry, Verb: considered, Direct Object: John, Object Complement: Intelligent (adjective)
2. Marry and John elected John the president.
- S + VT + DO + OC (noun)
- Subject: Marry and John, Verb: elected, Direct Object: John, Object Complement: the president
(noun)
3. She made it hers.
- S + VT + DO + OC (pronoun)
- Subject: She, Verb: made, Direct Object: it, Object Complement: hers (pronoun)
4. They wanted him to do the job.
- S + VT + DO + OC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: They, Verb: wanted, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: to do the job (infinitive
phrase)
5. They let him do it.
- S + VT + DO + OC (bare infinitive)
- Subject: They, Verb: let, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: do it (bare infinitive)
6. They let the news released.
- S + VT + DO + OC (past participle)
- Subject: They, Verb: let, Direct Object: the news, Object Complement: released (past participle)
7. They watch the kite flying away.
- S + VT + DO + OC (present participle)
- Subject: They, Verb: watch, Direct Object: the kite, Object Complement: flying away (present
participle)
8. Everything made him who we loved.
- S + VT + DO + OC (noun clause)
- Subject: Everything, Verb: made, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: who we loved (noun
clause)
9. Many students find learning sentence patterns easy.
- S + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: Many students, Verb: find, Direct Object: learning sentence patterns, Object Complement:
easy (adjective)
10. We believe whatever she has said to be true.
- S + VT + DO + OC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: We, Verb: believe, Direct Object: whatever she has said, Object Complement: to be true
(infinitive phrase)

Sample Sentences
OC: adj, noun, pronoun, ……………., bare infinitive, past participle, present participle, ……………..
1. Marry considered John intelligent.
2. Marry and John elected John the president.
3. She made it hers.
4. They wanted him to do the job.
5. They let him do it.
6. They let the news released.
7. They watch the kite flying away.
8. Everything made him who we loved.

Sentence Patterns
1. Marry considered John intelligent.
- S + VT + DO + OC (adj)
- Subject: Marry, Verb: considered, Direct Object: John, Object Complement: intelligent (adjective)
2. Marry and John elected John the president.
- S + VT + DO + OC (noun)
- Subject: Marry and John, Verb: elected, Direct Object: John, Object Complement: the president
(noun)
3. She made it hers.
- S + VT + DO + OC (pronoun)
- Subject: She, Verb: made, Direct Object: it, Object Complement: hers (pronoun)
4. They wanted him to do the job.
- S + VT + DO + OC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: They, Verb: wanted, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: to do the job (infinitive
phrase)
5. They let him do it.
- S + VT + DO + OC (bare infinitive)
- Subject: They, Verb: let, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: do it (bare infinitive)
6. They let the news released.
- S + VT + DO + OC (past participle)
- Subject: They, Verb: let, Direct Object: the news, Object Complement: released (past participle)
7. They watch the kite flying away.
- S + VT + DO + OC (present participle)
- Subject: They, Verb: watch, Direct Object: the kite, Object Complement: flying away (present
participle)
8. Everything made him who we loved.
 - S + VT + DO + OC (noun clause)
- Subject: Everything, Verb: made, Direct Object: him, Object Complement: who we loved (noun
clause)

S+LV+SC
Explain more:
Subject (S): The subject is the central focus of a sentence. It is typically a noun or a pronoun
that the sentence is about, indicating who or what is performing an action or existing in a certain state.
The subject can take various forms, including simple nouns (e.g., "The cat"), pronouns (e.g., "She"),
noun phrases (e.g., "The quick brown fox"), or even clauses (e.g., "What you said"). It either performs
the action described by the verb or is the entity being discussed or identified by the complement.
Linking Verb (LV): Linking verbs are critical in this structure as they do not express action.
Instead, they connect the subject with additional information about it. Common linking verbs include
various forms of the verb "be" (such as am, is, are, was, were), as well as verbs like "appear," "feel,"
"look," "sound," "stay," "smell," "taste," and "remain." These verbs are essential for expressing states
or changes in states. For instance, in the sentence "He seems tired," the word "seems" acts as a linking
verb that connects the subject "He" to the description of his state, "tired."
Subject Complement (SC): The subject complement provides further details about the subject.
It can come in several forms:
- As an adjective, it describes a quality or characteristic of the subject, like "delicious" in "The
soup tastes delicious."
- As a noun or pronoun, it renames or identifies the subject, such as "she" in "The winner is
she."
- As an infinitive phrase, it expresses an action or state related to the subject, exemplified by
"to travel the world" in "His dream is to travel the world."
- As a gerund, it functions like a noun and names an action or state associated with the subject,
like "gardening" in "My favorite hobby is gardening."
- As a noun clause, it acts as a noun and provides more detailed information about the subject,
such as "that she loves him" in "The truth is that she loves him."

S: n, pronoun, infinitive phrase, gerund, noun clause

LV: verb to be, verbs showing feelings or senses and.................
Be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being)
feel Look seem sound smell Taste
Appear become grow get Stay remain

Sample Sentences
1. Jane is happy.
2. She is a doctor.
3. To pass this course sounds easy.
4. Loving you seems stupid.
5. That I love you stays impossible.

Sentence Patterns
1. Jane is happy.
- S (n) + LV (verb to be) + SC (adj)
- Subject: Jane, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: happy (adjective)
2. She is a doctor.
- S (pronoun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (noun)
- Subject: She, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: a doctor (noun)
3. To pass this course sounds easy.
- S (infinitive phrase) + LV (verb showing senses) + SC (adj)
- Subject: To pass this course, Linking Verb: sounds, Subject Complement: easy (adjective)
4. Loving you seems stupid.
- S (gerund) + LV (verb showing feelings) + SC (adj)
- Subject: Loving you, Linking Verb: seems, Subject Complement: stupid (adjective)
5. That I love you stays impossible.
- S (noun clause) + LV (verb indicating state) + SC (adj)
- Subject: That I love you, Linking Verb: stays, Subject Complement: impossible (adjective)

Sample Sentences
SC: adj, noun, pronoun, infinitive phrase, gerund, noun clause
1. You look handsome.
2. He remains the leader of the organization.
3. It became yours.

Sentence Patterns
1. The flowers in the garden smell wonderful.
- S (noun) + LV (verb showing senses) + SC (adj)
- Subject: The flowers in the garden, Linking Verb: smell, Subject Complement: wonderful (adjective)
2. Her ambition is to become a scientist.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: Her ambition, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: to become a scientist (infinitive
phrase)
3. This exercise feels like a challenge.
- S (noun) + LV (verb showing feelings) + SC (noun clause)
- Subject: This exercise, Linking Verb: feels, Subject Complement: like a challenge (noun clause)
4. Being honest remains his strongest trait.
- S (gerund) + LV (verb indicating state) + SC (noun)
- Subject: Being honest, Linking Verb: remains, Subject Complement: his strongest trait (noun)

*Infinitive completes the sentence, focusing on someone's duty or responsibility

1. Ajarn Theerapong is to teach us English.
Sentence Patterns
1. Ajarn Theerapong is to teach us English.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: Ajarn Theerapong, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: to teach us English (infinitive
phrase)
2. It is your responsibility to finish the project on time.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: It, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: to finish the project on time (infinitive phrase)
3. Her goal was to run a marathon.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (infinitive phrase)
- Subject: Her goal, Linking Verb: was, Subject Complement: to run a marathon (infinitive phrase)
*Gerund
1. This is teaching.
Sentence Patterns
1. This is teaching.
- S (pronoun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (gerund)
- Subject: This, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: teaching (gerund)
2. My passion is cooking.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (gerund)
- Subject: My passion, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: cooking (gerund)
*Noun clause
1. John became who I hate.
Sentence Patterns
1. John became who I hate.
- S (noun) + LV (verb indicating change) + SC (noun clause)
- Subject: John, Linking Verb: became, Subject Complement: who I hate (noun clause)
2. The truth is that we all need to work together.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (noun clause)
- Subject: The truth, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: that we all need to work together (noun
clause)
3. Her biggest fear is that she might fail.
- S (noun) + LV (verb to be) + SC (noun clause)
- Subject: Her biggest fear, Linking Verb: is, Subject Complement: that she might fail (noun clause)

Name : Mananchaya Surnames : Pantuen ID : 6621852649 Section : 871