Hardwware Network Instation Sciene
Hardwware Network Instation Sciene
Hardwware Network Instation Sciene
COLLEGE OF INFORMATICS
BY
INSTRUCTOR; - ----------------------
APRIL, 2024
Page I
Declaration
I would like to declare that, this whole document is an independent works of mine and it
contains almost all things that I have been observed and gained experiences during my four
months internship program in STICC in the construction of hardware network installation.
ID No. : 3885/10
Signature:
ACKNOWLEDGMEN
First of all I am glad to mention that I have a great gratitude to the Haramaya University for
giving me the chance, interest, and everything needed to me to complete this internship period in
time.
Next, I would like to express my thanks, to the STICC for the willingness to accept my
internship request and facilitate the condition to work in the company, to Mr. Animute for his
priceless cooperative work with me during the internship time as he gives material and technical
support and he was my supervisor in the host organization. I have also great appreciated for
Selam mihret the internship expert of STICC who was striving hard to prepare the way for
conductive teaching and learning environment.
Then, I would like to express I heartfelt thanks to my advisor Mr. Wehib for his unreserved
support throughout the progress of the project. He has provided me his utmost contribution in
making the internship period educative to me
Finally, I have deep hearted thanks to my families for providing me everything they can afford.
They have provided me their countless support to reach at this stage. There are no words to
express their contribution in my success-simply thanks to you all.
LISTS OF ABBRIVATION
List of figures
Contents
PART ONE
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................- 1 -
1.1 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................- 1 -
PART TWO
PART THREE
Over all benefits I gained from the intern ship program...........................................................- 26 -
PART FOUR
4.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................- 29 -
4.2 Recommendation.............................................................................................................- 29 -
References.............................................................................................................................- 31 -
Appendices............................................................................................................................- 32 -
Executive Summary
This internship report was aimed to apply the theoretical knowledge into practical and as a result
producing competent, experienced and talent students. In this report I have tried to list the overall
aspects of the internship experience. I have briefly summarized what is expected in the next parts
in this report.
In the first unit of the report, it provides information about the hosting organization. It starts
from the brief history of the organization and continues to listing of the projects the company has
undertaken from the time it has been established.
In second unit of the report it describes mainly about the internship experience. It starts by
describing the sections I had been working on and continues to tell the different types of tasks
that I had accomplished. It also tells the challenges that I had faced during the internship
experience.
In third unit of the report it describes the overall benefits that I have gained from this internship
experience. It further divides the overall benefits into details and tries to explain them.
In thefourth unit of the report, it describes the conclusion and recommendation what I
have been taken.
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
Over the years, the ICT center has staidly expanded and diversified to become a category firm. In
2008 E.C the name of the organization changes its name from ICT center to STICC. And it
expands the role, structure and contribution of the organization to satisfy the need of the Bahirdar
community with science and information realm. For example on this year it got a new structure
on its internet supply. It uses fiber optic cable for internet access instead of microwave/satellite
based internet. This leads for the organization to supply high speed internet access for the users.
BAHIRDAR
ETHIOPIA
Fax: 0582209364
Website – www.sticc.gov.et
Page 1
Portal – www.amhara.gov.et
The STICC gives many opportunities by train and better serve the community. It also gives many
services to others organization sectors as follows: -
• Fulfilling infrastructure
• Business application administration and development
• Training and consultancy
• Teaching and learning adaptation of technology
Generally the organization is actively involved on the developments of the Wolaita zone
admiration and other organization sectors information, communication and technology
utilization.
During my two months internship program, I have been taking a course from identifying
types of instruments/apparatus used in network installation to how they are configured; I have
been visiting the structure of the network system of the STICC organization. And I am also made
some network configuration on my internship period.
During my internship program, most of the time I was seeks to understand how the
networking devices are do their tasks, by comparing with the theoretical knowledge I have
grasped in university and by using internet search.
1, taking a course
There were some theoretical courses I will be taking in the first weeks of my internship
time. These courses are needed to install or configure wired network or to develop proposed
system of network configurations well. It gives a direction for our works how to perform. This
course sets out a way of techniques how to install networks. These techniques are;
As I previously tried to mention that the work of the hosting organization is design, consulting
and training the other organizations and the community of the city to develop by information
communication and technology realm, and I was participating on the hardware network
installation. During this time, I am visiting the structure of network system of the organization
and get understand of how it works. And I am also practicing by installing simple different
network configurations. Some of the tasks I have being executing are:-
The primary source data includes number of data gathering techniques. Among those some of are
the following: -
Practical Observation: to build wired network configuration I observe practically the some of
the networking device configuration like switch configuration and how to reset switch and also
the network is extending from one building to the another building that is start from server room
to the another.
By Interview: I have use Interview in face to face to ask my immediate advisor regarding to
wired network configuration or installation and I ask how to configure and what network toolkit
are necessary to build this LAN configuration and what type of network device need to building
secure network.
Internet: is a data gathering technique, which I use in order to get additional knowledge wired
network configuration in addition to my immediate advisor’s idea by searching Google and some
video of wired network configuration from the YouTube.
Secondary source data
Document analysis: -which is analysis, which help us how to write the document based on the
guideline given.
Hardware development tools are physical components that are used to make any networking
devices, which help network system to function in efficient manner.
To build wired network configuration or installation of STICC there are different hardware tools
used such as: -Router 4300 series Layer 3 Switch 3560, Access Switch 2960, Media Converter,
LAN Cable Tester, Crimper machine, Console cable, Fiber patch panel (24 ports), Rack (4u),
SFP module, Trunk, Fiber Optic Cable, LAN Cat 6E cable, Drilling machine, Data wall outlet,
Patch panel, Slicer, Cutter, POE, RJ-45 and Patch cord cable, CMM,AP and SM are hardware
tools that are used in wired network configuration.
Router 4300 series: -router is a device that routs or forward data from one network to
another network based on their IP address. Router is used to create a network as well as
connect different networks. It is used to exchange data outside their own network, such as an
internet. To exchange data outside their own network, a router needs to be able to read IP
addresses. When the data packet is received from the router the router inspects that date's IP
address and determines if the packet is packed for its own network or if it is band for another
network. If the router determines that a data packet is band for its own network it receives the
data, but if it is not band for its own network it sent off to the other network so a router is
essentially the gate way of a network. It performs the traffic directing function on the
internet.
There are different types of switches used for LAN network installation. In STICC there are two
kinds of switches used in the network installation of the server room. There are:-
Switch 3560 layer 3:-it is unmanageable types of switch. It is a networking layer 3 device
which is also known as distribution layer used to distribute the connection to the different
VLAN (for different building).
Figure 2.3: Switch 3560 layer 3
HUB:- the purpose of a HUB is used to connect a device together on an internal network to
create a LAN. HUB is not an intelligent like a switch because it does not filter any data or
has no any intelligence as to where a data is supposed to be send. When the data packet
arrives one of the port it is copied a data to all other ports. So all the devices connected on the
HUB sees that data packet. The HUB is do only broadcast the data out of each port and let
the device pick out the data addressed to them. A HUB is not secured due to its non
intelligence and also it copied the data packet to all port this make the network traffic and
more power consumer.
Fiber optic cable:- is a medium use technique of transmit information, as pulses of light
through strands of fiber made of glass or plastic. Optical fibbers are about the diameter of a
strand of human hair and when bundled into a fiber optic cable, they are capable of
transmitting more data over long distances and faster than other mediums. FOC are made up
of many smaller optical fibers. These fibers are extremely thin to be specific they are less
than a tenth as thick as a human hair. Each optical fibers has two parts.
1. The core: usually made of glass, it is the innermost part of the fiber, where the
light passes through.
2. The cladding: usually made of a thicker layer of plastic or glass, the cladding is
wrapped around the core.
There two parts work together to create a phenomenon called total internal reflection. Total
internal reflection is how light is able to move down the fibers, without escaping. It is when the
light hits the glass at an extremely shallow angle, less than 42 degrees, and reflects back again as
if reflecting against a mirror. The cladding keeps the light in the core because the glass/plastic it
is made of has a different optical density or lower refractive index. Both these terms refer to how
the glass bends (refraction) and therefore slows down the light. To confine the optical signal in
the core, the refractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding. The refractive
index is the way of measuring the speed of light in a material. It is calculated by dividing the
speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in that medium.
Light is transmitted down the fiber in LED or Laser pulses that travel extremely fast. These
pulses carry binary data, which is a coding system that makes up everything we see on the
Internet, even the words you are reading right now. Binary code is made up of bits, which are
just ones and zeroes. These bits send messages in organized eight-part patterns, called bytes. It is
easy to translate the bits of binary into light pulses. One pulse means one and no pulse means
zero. These pulses can travel sixty miles before they experience any degradation. To transport
data across thousands of miles these pulses go through optical amplifiers that boost their signal
so that no data is lost.
Being able to join OFC with low loss is very important in fiber optic communication. This is
more complex than joining electric wire or cable and involves careful cleaving of the fibers. As
described above it is much thicker than the human hair so the splicing of FOC to the fiber optic
connector is usually inspected via a magnified viewing screen to check the good connection.
FOC do not conduct electricity, which makes fiber useful for protecting communications
equipment in high voltage environments such as power generation facilities or applications prone
to also prevents problems with ground loops, they can be used in environments where explosive
fumes are present. There is no doubt that Ethernet fiber-optic communication provides many
advantages over copper based Ethernet communication. This includes immunity to noise and
further distance capability.
Trunk: this is a hardware tool, which is used to prevent the cable from the damage.
There are different sizes of trunk this are 100*40, 60*40, 25*15 sizes.
Figure 2.7: Trunk
Drilling machine: -This machine is used to create holes on different objects. We have
used this machine to create hole on the wall and that holds the rack on the wall.
Slicer: this hardware tools is used for punch down the cable to the patch panel and cut
unwanted pins of the cable from the patch panel at the back side.
Cutter: it is a network hardware tool which is used to cut the Ethernet cable pins when
crimping the cable.
Patch panel: A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware
assembly that contains ports used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN
cables. The main advantage of using punch panel is for reusability and easily maintaining
purpose, which means for example if one cables are fail or does not work then we can
Confine and replace at a place and also we can troubleshoot by looking identity number
or name for each room cables.
Crimper machine: A crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by
deforming one or both of them in a way that causes them to hold each other. The result of
the tool's work is called a crimp.
Rack (4u): is used for holding switch, patch panel, router and media converter. It
protecting these networking devices from the damage. Rack s make it possible to contain
a lot of equipment in a small physical footprint without requiring shelving.
SFP module:(Small Form-factor Pluggable) a small transceiver that plugs into
the SFP port of a network switches and connects to Fiber Channel and Gigabit Ethernet
(GbE) optical fiber cables at the other end.
LAN CAT6e cable: commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a standardized twisted pair cable
for Ethernet , which is used to transfer high bandwidth of the data. It is designed to
double the frequency from 250 MHz to 600 MHz. CAT6e cable with grounded foil
shielding can reach 10-Gigabit Ethernet speeds without having to reduce the maximum
length of 100 meters.
Figure 2.12: LAN cable
POE: Power over Ethernet (POE) is a technology that passes electric power over twisted-
pair Ethernet cable to powered devices. Devices this standard supports include the
following:
Light-emitting diode(LED) lighting
Security card readers
High-performance wireless Aps
Video conferencing
CMM: cluster management module (CMM) which is distribute the power and connection
to the canopy access point (AP) which is mounted at the top the building. It is the central
point of connectivity for the entire site.
Patch cord cable: is a cable that connects two electronic or optical devices to each other
for signal routing. This is usually for network applications, to patch a signal from one
hub, switch or router to another hub, switch or router. Patch cord cable is belongs to a
part of Ethernet cable often used for short distances less than two meter.
Figure 2.14: Patch cord cable
Network installation in the block like LAN using HUB, switch and router.
How to setup WiFi tp link router
Switch configuration
Cable arrangement.
The function of different materials which is used to finish those works.
How to Make our own Ethernet cable.
Conclusion
The purpose of this Internship (attachment) program was to introduce students with working
condition and mostly it helps students to grasp knowledge from practicing the theory which they
have been learning in the class. The internship is powerful to support my future career goal
through sharing useful experience. The evaluation of internship experience is very interesting in
order to Change theoretical knowledge, which I learnt especially about computer networking in
communication to the practical knowledge. From my day to day activity I saw different activities
that based on network, which I have not focused and have not clear understanding about their
working techniques. However from the internship I get more knowledge how the network is
configured and know how much they are essential for all human activities. And I have learnt
work ethics and practical educations. Among work ethics like punctuality, respecting to other
right, how tolerate and working together, security and honesty.
References
1. Project management guidelines
2. http://www.wiringwizard.com/primer/cable/cat6/
3. object-oriented-analysis-and-design-with-applications-2nd-edition
4. Hubs versus switches-understand the trade-offs’ (PDF), by E. Decker. retrieved 2013
5. Networking devices – Types Uses and Applications, By Caleb Hornbostel
6. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Networking installation
7. Host organizations website; www.sticc.gov.et
8. YouTube
Appendices
CS Computer Science
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
RJ Registered Jack
PC Personal Computer
EG Ethiopian Government
E.C Ethiopian calender