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MA 102 Tutorial - Sheet 6 2024

The document provides a tutorial sheet for a mathematics course covering systems of first-order differential equations, stability, Bessel functions, and Legendre polynomials. It includes 11 problems covering these topics, such as analyzing systems of equations, determining stability of critical points, working with second-order differential equations, and properties of Bessel and Legendre functions.

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30 views2 pages

MA 102 Tutorial - Sheet 6 2024

The document provides a tutorial sheet for a mathematics course covering systems of first-order differential equations, stability, Bessel functions, and Legendre polynomials. It includes 11 problems covering these topics, such as analyzing systems of equations, determining stability of critical points, working with second-order differential equations, and properties of Bessel and Legendre functions.

Uploaded by

sm737744
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MA 102 (Mathematics II - Ordinary Differential Equations)

Department of Mathematics, IIT Guwahati


Semester: January-April, 2024

Tutorial Sheet No. 6 Date of Discussion: April 24, 2024 (Regular class hours)

Lectures 17-20: Systems of first-order equations, stability + extra discussion on


Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials

1. The fox-rabbit problem is given by the following system:


{ dx
dt
= x(A − By),
dy
dt
= −y(C − Dx),

where each of A, B, C, D is given and they have their own meaning. By eliminating y
from the above system, obtain the nonlinear second-order equation in x.

2. Find the critical points of the following nonlinear systems:


d2 x dx
(a) 2 + − (x3 + x2 − 2x) = 0;
{ dx
dt dt
dt
= y 2 − 5x + 6,
(b) dy
dt
= x − y.

3. Describe
{ dx the phase portrait of the following systems:
dt
= x,
(a) dy
= 0.
{ dx
dt
dt
= −x,
(b) dy
dt
= −y.

4. Determine the nature and stability of the critical point (0, 0) for the following au-
tonomous
{ dx systems:
dt
= 2x,
(a) dy
= 3y.
{ dx
dt
dt
= −3x + 4y,
(b) dy
= −2x + 3y.
{ dx
dt
dt
= −4x − y,
(c) dy
= x − 2y.
{ dt
dx
dt
= 4x − 2y,
(d) dy
dt
= 5x + 2y.

5. The free vibrations of a mass attached to a spring is governed by the following second-
order differential equation:
d2 x dx
2
+ 2b + a2 x = 0,
dt dt

1
where b ≥ 0 and a > 0 are appropriate constants related to the medium and the spring.
(a) Convert it to an equivalent system of first-order equations.
(b) Find the auxiliary equation of the system.
(c) Describe the nature and stability of the critical point for the cases (i) b = 0, (ii)
0 < b < a, (c) b = a, (d) b > a.

(Extra problems on Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials)

6. Verify that xJ0 (x) is a solution of y ′′ + y = −J1 (x), x > 0. Using it, show that
∫ x
cos(x − ξ)J0 (ξ) dξ = xJ0 (x), x > 0.
0

7. Making the substitution y = xv(x), find the solution of the following differential equa-
tion in terms of Bessel functions:

xy ′′ − y ′ + xy = 0.

8. Making the substitution y = v(x)/x, find the solution of the following differential
equation in terms of Bessel functions:

x2 y ′′ + 3xy ′ + (m2 x2 + 1)y = 0, m > 0.

9. If Pn (x) is Legendre polynomial of degree n, and if a is such that Pn (a) = 0, show that
Pn−1 (a) and Pn+1 (a) are of opposite signs.
∫ 1
2n
10. Show that xPn (x)Pn−1 (x) dx = 2 .
−1 4n − 1
∫ 1
x2 dx
11. Using Legendre polynomials, evaluate √ .
−1 5 − 4x

Note: It is not to be expected that all the problems will be discussed.


The End

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