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Enhanced Security Methods of Door Locking Based Fingerprint

Article in International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering · January 2020
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320

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 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-3, January 2020

Enhanced Security Methods of Door Locking

Based Fingerprint
Hashem Alnabhi, Yahya Al-naamani, Mohammed Al-madhehagi, Mohammed Alhamzi

 properties and intrusion into premises dates back to the early

Abstract: This paper presents an enhanced methodology in existence of humanity. Currently, building security can be
implementing and designing a security system for door locking easily achieved by the use of door security controls. It
purpose based on fingerprint, GSM technology, monitoring
camera, alarm system and password system. This security system
provides security limitations for unauthorized people and also
will provide enough security by limiting unauthorized people takes information and records of all those who pass through it
access and taking a record of those who pass through it. [1]. Door access control is accomplished by locks indoors [2].
Sometimes unauthorized people or burglars try to break the door Recent advancements in every phase of modern living and the
for evil intentions at a time when no one is available at a targeted world around us progressively digitized, it becomes very
place, so this paper introduces some security solutions for that
difficult for protecting one’s confidential information.
problem and they are the main contribution of our paper. We
introduce an alarm system to alert the people at the surroundings, Old-fashioned passwords and keys are originally considered
GSM module that’s used to send an SMS message to the registered to be sufficient to provide secure data transactions or for any
user’s (responsible person) and a web camera that’s used to take a other purpose. However, in the current scenario, they became
video for a person who tries to break the lock, password keypad weak because of sophisticated hacker attacks and
that’s used after fingerprint sensing to provide extra security. unauthorized users across the internet. With more and more
Definitely the registered users are the only persons who can access
the lock, and the door closes after five seconds from the opening
electronic gadgets such as tablets, multiple sensors,
time. The method used to implement this experiment involves the smartphones, and cloud-based services, etc interconnected to
use of a fingerprint scanner R305 that’s interfaced with Arduino the internet, and with simultaneous sending and receiving of
microcontroller-ATMEGA328P to control the locking and data, there arises a need to keep the data unavailable to
unlocking process of a door. During all the opening and closing hackers and unauthorized individuals. To prevent this,
processes, the16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) displays some
passwords can be used. However, the problem is that the user
commands which can be used to instruct the users like, place your
finger on the sensor, the door is opened, the door is closed, the may use the same password for multiple devices. Besides,
message is sent, please enter the password etc. If an unregistered these passwords are sometimes shareable and persons with
user tries to access the door using their fingerprints, automatically strong technical knowledge can use a variety of methods to
his/her access is denied. The proposed door lock security system is crack these passwords. During the time of civilization
can be used at homes, offices, banks, hospitals, and in other changes in different falling and rising manner, equipment, and
governmental and private sectors. Our proposed system was tested
in real-time and has shown competitive results compared to other tools used for security intentions developed by locksmiths [3].
projects using RFI and password. In the period of medieval, there are many traditional methods
Keywords: Security, System, Fingerprint, Sensor, Lock, Door, were used to implement security tools. As days pass and time
Access, Message. move on, that equipment and tools turned to be disused, as
people could breach the perimeters of security set by the
I. INTRODUCTION security equipment and supplement. . As a result, continually,
Security is considered as one of the most common issues that people seek for more dependable and reliable measures of
bring worries for a human being. We are all seeking practical security. The blow winds of civilizations and industrialization
solutions and suggestions which may keep our properties and movement all over the world have strengthened the deep
privacies away from burglar's hands. Human being’s home intentions of individuals in manufacturing more advanced and
security and possessions can be one of the most essential sophisticated security systems which could be able to
challenges faced by individuals, corporate organizations or battle the obstacles and challenges of securing worthy
any other nation. This critical problem of lack of security of possessions. Sometimes during the day, most of the
homeowners leave their homes for different purposes, some
of them go to their work offices, some of them go to schools,
Revised Manuscript Received on January 05, 2020.
Hashem Alnabhi, Department of Electronics and Communications
sport fields, farms, etc. thus, their homes will be easy to attack
Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur by burglars, because of homes’ traditional locks which can be
(Andhra Pradesh) India. E-mail; [email protected] opened by the burglars in case if they have the same key or
Yahya Al-naamani, Department of Electronics and Communications duplicate key to open the door, making their belongings such
Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur
(Andhra Pradesh) India. E-mail; [email protected] as jewelry, bank cards, money and other valuable things easy
Mohammed Al-madhehagi, Department of Electronics and to steal, this is one of this disadvantages of using the
Communications Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, traditional locks which has no security and no one can rely on.
Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) India. E-mail; [email protected]
Mohammed Alhamzi, Department of Electronics and
Communications Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) India. E-mail; [email protected]

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B7855129219/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320 1173 & Sciences Publication
 Enhanced Security Methods of Door Locking Based Fingerprint

One more disadvantage of traditional lock is that when II. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION USING
homeowners lose the key and have no alternative key, in this ARDUINO UNO ATMEGA328P
case, they should wait for long hours for a technician to come, Fig. 1. Shows the block diagram of the implemented system
otherwise they should break the door. Another challenge or involving all hardware components that are used to
disadvantage is that when the key is locked away or maybe accomplish the security task. Arduino Uno microcontroller
misplaced inside the house, in this case even authorized board acts as a master and it is the body of our project, while
persons won’t have access to his/her property or belongings. other hardware components act as slaves. The system behaves
This will issue can be solved with the help of technician again according to the written program and performs all mentioned
and may cost the authorized [4]. In addition to providing security actions without human intervention, and all other
access to the target building, personal belongings and automatic operations are carried out. All hardware
important documents at homes or offices can be accessed components are of vital importance for the system to provide
depending on the lock system; personal belongings can be enough security, and all these tools work together under one
very valuable things such as expensive pieces of jewelry, controller.
confidential documents, and money in cash, etc. To overcome
all those challenges and drawbacks in the traditional locks,
smart security systems are developed which provide more
security to the individuals, however, these systems are easy to
use, to access, and can be reliable. Such of these security
systems, the use of smartcards, voice technology, passcode,
and biometrics [5-8]. In this work, we develop a biometric
security system based fingerprint. Biometrics involves the
science which can statistically analyze the biological
characteristics. A biometric system is defined as a technology
that can recognize and verify the identity of a person using a
measurable physical or behavioral characteristic of the
person. There are some conditions to choose characteristics
such as performance, universality, collectability, uniqueness,
acceptability, circumvention and permanence. Some other
characteristics can be used by biometrics such as fingerprint,
eye features, facial features, etc. [9]. Our work developed a
biometric-based fingerprint which involves other
technologies like GSM, cam web, and password keypad
system.
At present, there are six major biometric technologies
available in today’s market. They are Fingerprint recognition,
Hand geometry recognition, Iris and Retina recognition,
Voice recognition, Signature recognition, and Facial
recognition. Of these recognition technologies, facial Fig.1. Block diagram design of biometric-based
recognition, fingerprint recognition, and iris recognition are fingerprint door locking system
the most dominantly used for numerous applications. In this
work, fingerprint recognition technology is considered. III. PREPROCESSING
Fingerprint recognition technology is a technique that’s used the operation of fingerprint-based door locking system
to detect and recognize different human fingerprints based on starts with adding fingerprints features of the authorized
different patterns of fingers, which is found to be unique persons to the database of our system, by placing the finger on
among each person. It is very common and maybe the best the fingerprint optical scanner, some features are extracted
way of obtaining details of any person and identifying a from the finger surface and stored to the database with
person can be done most easily and conveniently [5]-[6]. specific ID and the name of the person can be added, the steps
Study of fingerprints for recognition and identification the of this process are shown in fig.2. The features extracted from
individuals is scientifically called Dactylography. The main the finger surface are different from one person to another,
advantage of the fingerprint recognition method is that each this is because the finger’s surface pattern has different
person has a unique fingerprint pattern that remains the same characteristics related to core, ridges, island, and delta, pore,
and never changes throughout life, making the fingerprint etc. these different characteristics of the fingerprint are
recognition method an unfailing method of human illustrated in fig.3. if we want to check whether the fingerprint
identification. is already registered or not, it can be easily done by placing
The sections of this paper are organized as follows. Section II the finger on the optical scanner and then some features will
discusses the design and implementation of the proposed be extracted from the finger and compared with stored
biometric-based door locking system using Arduino UNO R3. features, if there is a similarity,
Section III explains the preprocessing operations. Section IV.
Flowchart of the entire working process. The hardware results
and discussion are presented in Section V.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B7855129219/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320 1174 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-3, January 2020

the door will open and if there is no any similarity, the door bulger tried to open the door by placing his or her finger on
won’t open. the scanner, LCD shows that the fingerprint is not identified.
if he/she tries to open the door more than three times the
buzzer will be activated, thus will alert the people who are at
the surroundings. In case he/she tries to break the door, by
shaking, kicking the door or using any other tool, there is a
sensor called Micro Electro Mechanical System which is very
sensitive to small shakes as a result of shakes, it activates the
GSM system to take an action and alert the responsible person
by sending him/her a message as shown in fig. 8. In addition
to that, the camera will record this crime, and with the help of
all those mentioned technologies, it is possible to secure our
homes, banks, and companies from such evil crimes by using
this security system. But if any authorized person tries to open
the door, he/she has to pass through two steps. The first step is
placing the fingerprint for sensing and if it is successfully
recognized, the system passes him/her to the next step that is
entering the password; finally, the door will open and after 5
seconds will automatically close. The whole operation is
Fig.2 .The process of Extracting features from the controlled by the case program without our intervention, our
finger surface and storing them in a database. job is to write the case program, fire it to the microcontroller
board and make the connections between different hardware
components.

Fig.4. Prototype of the entire system

Fig.3. Typical View of finger surface pattern

IV. FLOWCHART
Fig.4 shows the hardware components of the system and the
connectivity among them which is called the prototype of the
entire system. Fig.5 shows the functional steps of our project,
and all conditions are explained in this section. When the
system is powered on, a sim card should be inserted into the
GSM to be processed for a few seconds, after successful
processing, LCD shows a command that says Network found
as shown in fig. 6, and that means the system is ready to
operate. At this stage, the welcome message will appear in the
LCD screen as shown in Fig. 7. As we mentioned in section
(III), our security system allows us to store the fingerprints
and IDs of all persons who are considered to be registered,
and all the corresponding data is stored in the database. The
system provides double-check security by fingerprint and
password. This security is tested and compared to other
related projects and it is found to be more robust and secured.
Nobody can open the door except the persons whose
fingerprints are available in the database. If any stranger or

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B7855129219/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320 1175 & Sciences Publication
 Enhanced Security Methods of Door Locking Based Fingerprint

Fig. 5. Flowchart of system functionality

Fig.7. The LCD status when the system is powered on

Fig.6. The LCD status after inserting the sim card
and ready to operate

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B7855129219/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320 1176 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-3, January 2020

Fig. 8. The alerting message sent by GSM

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Implementation of our work is done in the real-time world,
and our security system has shown competitive results Fig.9. Door is opened
compared to other door locking security systems. Arduino
Uno R3 is the main microcontroller of the project and other
hardware components are connected and interfaced with it.
The functional relationship between the microcontroller and
other hardware tools is complementary. We have used an
optical fingerprint sensor (Fingerprint Reader R305) in our
experiment. This sensor is very good as it is scratch-resistant
and its image resolution is 500 pixels per inch. We have used
Door lock solenoid (NC-0837L) for opening and closing
purposes in our experiment and it is electromagnet which is
made of copper wire winding with a plunger/cylinder in the
middle. When authorized persons place their fingerprints and
entering the correct password, the coil will be activated and
energized, the plunger will be pulled into the center of the
coil. Thus the solenoid will be able to pull from one end. So
the solenoid lock operates once the power is drawn in its coil.
The solenoid lock can be fixed on the door from inside and if
it is at the closing state and then powered by an authorized
person, the state will change to opening state and vice versa.
The status of the solenoid lock is always displayed in the LCD
screen, for example, if the door is opened then the status will
be displayed in LCD. Different kinds of status are displayed Fig.10. Door is closed
by the LCD screen and each status denotes the current
situation of the security system. The opening and closing The details of the experiment results are illustrated in
situations of the solenoid lock are illustrated in the following the following table:
figures; please focus on the lock to find out its situation in N LCD’s Commands Notes
fig.9 and fig. 10. Our experiment is carried out with the help Please enter sim card When you power on the
of several hardware components such as transformer, 1 system, the system will ask
rectifier, LCD (16Χ2 lines), GSM Technology, keypad, piezo to insert the sim card.
buzzer-12VAC, MEMS Sensor, optical fingerprint 2 Network Found After successfully
processing the sim card
scanner-R305, solenoid door lock (NC-0837L). All these
inside GSM system.
components are interfaced and connected to the Arduino Uno 3 Add a fingerprint When you add a fingerprint
R3 microcontroller according to their functionality. It can be of users to the database of
concluded that this security system can be improved by the system.
adding face recognition along with fingerprints in the more 4 Remove a When you remove any
sensitive places which require higher security. fingerprint user’s fingerprint from the
database.
5 Place a finger on the When you want to test the
sensor system or to open the door.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B7855129219/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320 1177 & Sciences Publication
 Enhanced Security Methods of Door Locking Based Fingerprint

6 Please type the When your fingerprint is AUTHORS PROFILE

password successfully processed, the
system will ask you to type Hashem Alnabhi is currently studying a master degree in
the password. Information and Communication Engineering at
Northwestern Polytechnical University- china. Received a
7 Door is opened When you successfully
bachelor’s degree in Electronics and Communications
recognized as an
Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
authenticated user.
University, Anantapur, India in 2018. Received an advanced diploma in
8 Door is closed Door will be closed by English Language from The Academic Canadian Institute, Yemen in 2013.
sensing again the finger or Participated in many workshops related to Robotics, Electronics, Digital
after 5 seconds from Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence. Participated in some online
opening time. courses related to Machine Learning (Deep Learning) , and awarded a
9 Alarm is active When unauthorized person certificate of achievement in (IoT) from Curtin University, and a certificate
tries more than three times of achievement in AI from Microsoft.
sensing his/her fingerprint.
10 Message sent In case of anyone fails to Yahya Al-Naamani is currently studying master degree
open the door using in Digital Communication Engineering at Mewar
fingerprint or tries to break University, new Delhi, India. Received a bachelor’s
the door, the message will degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering
be sent to the in charge from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
person to take an action Anantapur in 2018 .His area of research interest is digital communication
and VLSI design.

VI. CONCLUSION Mohammed Al-MADHEHGAI is currently studying

master degree in Electronics and Telecommunication at
The proposed security system was tested in a real-time world, VIT affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,
and its performance was recognized to be satisfactory. The India. Received a bachelor's degree in Electronics and
security features that are added to the system such as GSM communications Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehur
Technological University, Anantapur, India in 2018.
technology, password system, and web cam make it unique Attended a training course in IoT at Pralhad P. Chhabria Research Center
and competitive. The future scope of this work is very wide, (PPCRC). Attended IoT training program at VIT, Vellore, India.
and there are many other security tools can be added to the
Mohammed Alhamzi received a bachelor’s degree in
system to provide more security such as iris scanner for a Electronics and Communication Engineering from
person visual identification, fire sensors connected to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur,
alerting alarms, and the system can be enhanced using India in 2019. Attended a training course at PPC
Research Center, India 2017. Participated in many
artificial intelligence techniques to speed up and facilitate the
workshops related to IOT, Embedded Systems, Cyber Security and Malware
process of identification of a person by using face recognition Analysis. Presented a paper in National Conference on Implementation of
technique with a database of popular burglars. Double Tail Dynamic Latch Comparator, India in 2019, and a paper on
Renewable Energy Resources. Received a diploma in English Language
from YALI, Yemen in 2014. Received an International Computer Driving
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Published By:
Retrieval Number: B7855129219/2020©BEIESP
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B7855.019320 1178 & Sciences Publication
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