Quantanutm Dots PBS Solar Cells
Quantanutm Dots PBS Solar Cells
Quantanutm Dots PBS Solar Cells
CELL’S (PHOTOVOLTAIC)
Dr Fozia Z. Haque*, Dr Vasudev Thakre* Nitin Paliwal*
ABSTRACT
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of great interest for photovoltaic (PV) technologies as
they possess the benefits of solution-processability, size-tunability, and roll-to-roll
manufacturability, as well as unique capabilities to harvest near-infrared (NIR) radiation.
During the last decade, lab scale CQD solar cells have achieved rapid improvement in the
power conversion efficiency (PCE) from ~1% to 18%, which will potentially exceed 20% in
the next few years and approach the performance of other PV technologies, such as
perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells. In the meanwhile, CQD solar cells exhibit long
lifetimes either under shelf storage or continuous operation, making them highly attractive to
industry. However, in order to meet the industrial requirements, mass production techniques
are necessary to scale up the fabrication of those lab devices into large-area PV modules,
such as roll-to-toll coating. This paper reviews the recent developments of large-area CQD
solar cells with a focus on various fabrication methods and their principles. It covers the
progress of typical large-area coating techniques, including spray coating, blade coating, dip
coating, and slot-die coating. It also discusses next steps and new strategies to accomplish the
ultimate goal of the low-cost large-area fabrication of CQD solar cells and emphasizes how
artificial intelligence or machine learning could facilitate the developments of CQD solar cell
research.
Advantages Disadvantages
These solar panels are used in a variety of For these panels there is no any predictable
applications, including consumer crystal structure. These are very thin so it
electronics, solar thermal power, and is lightweight and flexible. There are
photovoltaic power generation. several types of thin-film solar panels:
amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium
telluride (CdTe), and copper indium
gallium selenide (CIGS) or gallium-free
THIN-FILM SOLAR CELL
CIS.
A thin-film solar
panel is made of In the world of solar panels, there
thin films of are three main types:
semiconductors monocrystalline and polycrystalline,
deposited on glass, plastic or metal. These and thin film solar panel. All have
are cheaper alternatives to single or multi their own advantages and
crystalline cells. Their main drawbacks are disadvantages. So, which type of
that they have low efficiency and they solar panel is right for you? It
degrade in outdoor applications. They depends on your needs and budget.
perform best when used indoors with Read on to learn more about the
diffused or indoor lights. Thus, they are differences between monocrystalline,
ideally suited in applications such as polycrystalline and thin-film solar
pocket calculators, electronic watches, panels.
small radio receivers and low power hand-
held electronic instruments. COATING TECHNIQUES:-
There are various coating methods for
Advantages Disadvantages liquid films, which have been extensively
1. It is very 1) As they up a
used in industry fields, however, only a
flexible and lot of space so
can be it is not good few of them are capable of producing
applicable to a for domestic high-quality semiconductor thin films. In
range of use. this section, we will review these coating
situations and 2) It has low methods which are frequently used to
building types. efficiency . produce semiconductor films from
2. Large no of 3) It has shorter precursor solutions or inks, including spin
producting is lifespan and so
coating, spray coating, blade coating, dip
easy to shoter
achieve, warranty coating, and slot-die coating. For CQD
making them periods. solar cells, spin coating is the most widely
potentially used coating method, followed by spray
cheaper to
produce then
crystalline
solar cells.
3. It can install in
shadow area.
coating and then blade coating. However, process have been examined numerically
regarding to slot-die coating, there have and verified experimentally. In general, the
been no reports, thus we will introduce the final film thickness (h) is found to vary
principles and examples from other solar with the angular velocity (Ω) according to
cell technologies to exhibit its potential in h¼Ω 1=2 ,
large-area CQD solar cells. and also depends on the solution viscosity
and diffusivity. In addition, by controlling
SPIN COATING the substrate temperature, solvent mixture,
Spin coating is the first choice for CQD or surrounding atmosphere, it is possible to
solar cell research. The best-performed further adjust the film properties,
CQD solar cells [42,44] are fabricated with especially the film morphology, which is
this method and a few important concepts vital for high-quality solar cells. Thus,
[41,52,70] are being developed. Though optimizing the ink or solution properties
the film formation mechanism of spin and spin-coating protocols, including the
coating is different from that of other spinning speed, acceleration, spinning
large-area deposition methods, it provides steps, and heating, is a potential avenue to
a reliable platform for exploring materials achieve a good film.
science and device physics. This
For example, the final film thickness
subsection mainly discusses the underlying
could be affected by the solvent
principles of spin coating and emphasizes
remarkably. With a low boiling point
its difference from other deposition
solvent, such as BTA, a PbS CQD ink with
techniques. Spin coating is a fluid flow
a concentration of 200 mg/mL led to a PbS
process [71–76] and is governed by the
CQD film with the thickness of ~350 nm
combined effects of convection and
at a spin-coating speed of 2500 rpm .
diffusion. As shown in Fig. 7, during the
While with a high boiling point solvent,
spin-coating process, inks or solutions are
such as DMF, the film thickness was ~250
dispensed on a substrate which is mounted
nm at a lower spin-coating speed of 2000
on a rotating disk. As the disk starts to
rpm, even though under the same CQD
accelerate, the inks or solutions spread, the
concentration . It indicates that a lower
solvents evaporate, and thus the solutes or
boiling point solvent results in a thicker
suspensions are left, finally forming a
film. As for the same solvent, the thickness
uniform film. Several theoretical studies
on spin coating of colloidal could be effectively tuned by changing the
spin speed or concentration. In Ref. Ma’s
suspensions have been
group further investigated how the
reported .
concentration of a DMF solvent based PbS
CQD ink affects the CQD film thickness.
As shown in Fig. 8, the thickness varies
The approximately linearly with the ink
effects of the angular velocity, initial
solvent weight fraction, solvent property,
and spin-coating protocol on the evolution
of temperature and concentration profiles
in the liquid film during the spin-coating
substrates and difficult to obtain large-area
films with good uniformity and a sufficient
thickness. As an alternative method, spray
coating could precisely control the
thickness and uniformity of CQDs films
and is an ideal way for mass production.
2. Jung Hoon Song and Sohee Jeong, Colloidal quantum dot based solar cells:
from materials to devices, Nano Convergence Elsevier, 2017
4. Khalil Ebrahim Jasim, Quantum Dots Solar Cells. Licensee InTech 2015
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
6. https://solarismypassion.com/solar-blogs/type-of-solar-
panels/?_gl=1*dflo9u*_ga*V0c1RFFHX1N1UHRpa3Etc2N3MGo5QURINkwz
WWRPZVJCSzRaMXZrRzBhVGZ5dUtCSkN4SVhTSmlrWWpYT25Uag
7. https://www.solarsquare.in/blog/types-of-solar-panels