Ex-situ Treatment Technologies

for Grey Water Management

Department of Water Supply & Sanitation, Punjab

 Contents
Grey & Black Water Management

• Brief Overview
• Challenges & Issues
• Approach & Strategy
• Information, Education & Communication (IEC)
• Capacity Building
• Technologies adopted & Pilots
 Brief Overview
• Village ponds are integral part of Rural Punjab
• Primarily constructed for harvesting rain water and bathing
of domestic animals
• Total number of villages in Punjab - 13726
• Population in the villages ranges from 108 to 9000
• Different interventions required to deal with the problem
Issues & Challenges
• Manifold increase in provision of drinking water to villages

• Individual submersible pumps further add to the enhanced availability of water

• Excessive leaching of nutrients in pond

• Encroachments have reduced the effective size of village ponds

• Increase in population and urbanization in villages

• Lack of awareness regarding waste water reuse among the communities

• Reluctance in managing the assets by Gram Panchayats

Approach & Strategy
• Re-modelling village ponds as waste water treatment plant
• Focus on natural treatment mechanisms
• Strong community participation in designing, construction and operation
• Adopting less technical, easily maintainable technologies
• Usage of treated water for agriculture & horticulture
• Prevention of diseases due to non stagnation of wastewater in streets
Information, Education
& Communication
Capacity Building
• Participation of officers of the Department in training
programs on Rural Waste Water Management organized
by Centre for Science and Environment

• Knowledge transfer to stakeholders regarding safe,

adaptable and sustainable technologies for managing
toilet waste.

• Understanding of decentralized technologies to manage

grey and black water

• Training on how to reuse wastewater and faecal sludge

Technologies Adopted
• Individual soak pits constructed to
cater household grey water
• Soak pits have also been constructed
in schools to manage grey water from
mid-day meal kitchens, prevent
stagnation and breeding of
mosquitoes, and recharge ground
water
• Requires low capital cost, small area
required, simple and can be built with
locally available materials
Before & after the implementation
 Waste Stabilization Ponds - I

• The waste water collected via drainage system is passed to large shallow basins or ponds
excavated at suitable land site and placed serially as a stabilization system in which waste
water is stabilized
• Its pathogenicity is reduced and the stabilized water becomes useable.
• In this system, the collected waste water is stabilized by natural processes involving algae,
bacteria and natural oxidation processes
• Hot climate is very suitable, solar radiation and light is good for efficient functioning of this
system
• Solids retained at households
by installing intercepting
tank at household level
• Liquid waste reaches through
pipe sewer at waste
stabilization pond
• Rain water is segregated as
it flows through an open drain
network
 Current Projects
• Department of Rural Development and Panchayats, Govt of Punjab has
adopted the Seechewal model for pond rejuvenation and grey water
management
• The project is being implemented in more than 1500 villages across 110 Blocks
• The model as envisaged by Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal has been further
upgraded by Thapar University Patiala
• Funds available under various schemes - Finance Commission Grants, Smart
Village Project, MGNREGA, Swachh Bharat Mission are being used in
covergence to carry out these projects.
 Digestion Unit
Screening Chamber
(Well 1)

WASTE
STABLIZATION
Stabilization tank /
POND II Skimming tank
(Well 2)
Primary sedimentation
tank (Well 3)
Designed by Thapar College of
Engineering Patiala

Oxidation Pond
Storage Tank
(Facultative Pond)
 Waste Stabilization Pond
• Sewage/ waste water is collected in a
pond where a screen chamber is used to
filter objects flowing in the water
• Then polluted water taken into two wells

where silt and other extaneous materials

settle before it flows into the third well
• Where it is treated using natural hot
weather and solar light
• The treated water rich in nutrients is

further used for agriculture and plantation

purposes
 Root Zone Technology (Pilot)
Plant Growth
• Augmenting Waste Stabilization
ponds based existing Small
bore Sewerage Schemes with
Root Zone technology to
contain the BoD within the
prescribed standards of 30mg/l
• Piloted using Typha plants
(Botanical name – Typha
Latifolia)
 Results and findings
• TYPHA plantation technology is suitable for
Parameters Inlet Outlet
rural areas as it does not require skilled
BoD 198 mg/l 90 mg/l
operation or power CoD 528 mg/l 304 mg/l

• Easy to install

Parameters Inlet Outlet

• It has minimal operational & maintenance cost.
BoD 66 mg/l 14 mg/l
• Self sustaining growth CoD 296 mg/l 184 mg/l

• Requires very less area for plantation (vary

between 1 to 1.5 sqm. per capita). Parameters Inlet Outlet

BoD 195 mg/l 23 mg/l
• The effluent BoD levels of maturation pond have CoD 382 mg/l 93 mg/l
decreased from 90mg/l to 23mg/l
 Nano Bubble Technology (Pilot)
Pilot testing of technology at sewerage treatment plant of
village Chatamli, District Ropar

Advantages

• Increases Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels rapidly

• Removes bad smell & kills anaerobic microbes
• Decomposes sludge at the bottom of the water body
• Stimulates self-purification to recover clean water
environment
• Degradation of organic compounds, reduction of excess
nutrients and elimination of floating algae
 Results and findings
Nano-bubbles are miniature gas bubbles Facultative Pond

in liquid, less than 200 nanometer in Parameters BOD COD TSS Faecal
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Coliform
diameter which have several unique (MPN/100ml)
06-04-2020
properties 353 712 495 172
(Outlet)
• Longevity 06-07-2020
(Outlet)
27 296 55.7 <1

• Virtual disappearance of buoyancy,

Maturation Pond
high Internal pressure
Parameters BOD COD TSS Faecal
• Extremely large surface / volume (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
ratio
16-03-2020
27 178 26 23
• High oxygen dissolution rate and (from within)
06-07-2020 17 200 14.4 33
generation of free radicals (outlet)
 Costing
Area
S. No. Technology Applicability CAPEX O&M
requirement

22.50 lacs (for 250

Individual Soak pits (Magic Grey water households Individual Minimal (only requires
1 Very small
pits) only magic soak pits @ Rs. cleaning of grit)
9000 each)

Small Bore Size Sewerage Less (requires cleaning of

Both grey &
2 System (SBSSS) WSP High 90-100 lacs IC, Septic tanks, monthly
black water
based tariff Rs. 30-50

Waste Stabilization ponds - Both grey & Less (Cleaning of tanks,

3 Medium 15-18 lacs
Thapar model black water de-silting)

Typha plantation on existing Both grey & High

5 40-50 lacs Minimal
WSP black water

Nano bubble technology Both grey & Outsourcing of 1.5 - 2 lacs

6 Low
(Pilot) black water Machine (Service Cost per 10 ponds)
Thank You!
 WSP based treatment technologies (Pilot)
• Technology option I - Anaerobic pond followed by reed bed + maturation ponds
(Optional)

• Technology option II - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto
land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology + maturation ponds (Optional)

• Technology option III - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative aerated lagoon +

maturation ponds (Optional)

• Technology option IV - Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto
land for irrigation as per Karnal Technology

Diagram
 Pilot (Technology Option - I)
Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and maturation ponds

OUTLET

SCREEN GRIT

MATURATION POND

MATURATION POND
CHAMBER CHAMBER

ANAEROBIC POND
INLET

2
FACULTATIVE POND

FACULTATIVE POND
ANAEROBIC POND

INLET
 Pilot (Technology Option - II)
Anaerobic Pond followed by Reed bed Technology + maturation ponds (Optional)
OUTLET

SCREEN GRIT
CHAMBER CHAMBER

ANAEROBIC POND
INLET

MATURATION
MATURATION

MATURATION
POND 2

POND 3
POND 1
REED
BED

ANAEROBIC POND
INLET

OPTIONAL
 Pilot (Technology Option - III)
Anaerobic pond followed by facultative aerated lagoon + maturation ponds (Optional)
OUTLET

SCREEN GRIT
CHAMBER CHAMBER

ANAEROBIC POND
INLET

MATURATION
MATURATION

MATURATION
POND 2

POND 3
POND 1
AERATED LAGOON PART 1

AERATED LAGOON PART 2

ANAEROBIC POND

INLET

OPTIONAL
 Pilot (Technology Option - IV)
Anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and disposal onto land for irrigation as
per Karnal Technology

SCREEN GRIT
CHAMBER CHAMBER

ANAEROBIC POND
INLET 3m

FACULTATIVE POND

FACULTATIVE POND
0.5 m
1:1

1m
RIDGE

ANAEROBIC POND
INLET

RIDGE 1.5 m KARNAL

TECHNOLOGY

Back
 Ponds Piloted By DWSS
DWSS is piloting Technology option I and III, rest being piloted by PPCB & Rural
Development department
Technology
S. No. District Village
Option

1 Sangrur Sultanpur I

2 Sangrur Mankheri I

3 Sangrur Kammomajra Khurd I

4 Tarntaran Nikki Manochahal I

5 Tarntaran Tung I

6 Jalandhar Bahadurpur I

7 Kapurthala Bohani I

8 Fatehgarh Sahib Chanarthal Kalan III

9 Fatehgarh Sahib Anaitpura III

10 Fatehgarh Sahib Bharri III