BP-38

BEDOK SOUTH SECONDARY SCHOOL

E ND-OF.YEAR EXAM INATION 2021
2EXP

CANDIDATE
NAME

CLASS REGISTER
NUI\4BER

LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 4 Oclobet 2021

Candidates answer on the OMS and Question Booklet' 2 hours

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Writo your dass, registor numb€r and name on allthe wort )ou hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen, except for Section A'
You may use a soft pencilfor any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue, or conection f,uid.

This paper consists of three sections.

SECTION A (30 marks)

There are 30 questions in this section. Answer ALL questions.
For €ach question, there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Ctooie ttti one mat you considei conect and record your choice in soft Pencilon the separate OPtical Mark
Sheet (OMS) provided.

SECTION B (30 marks)

Answer ALL questions.
Write down your answers in the sPac€s provided on the question paper.

SECTION C (40 marks)

There are five questions in this section. Answer only FOUR questions in this sBction'
Write dorvn your answeE in the sPaces prouded on the question paper.

The use of an approved scientific cabuhtor is expected, n/hen appropriate'

Ornissron of essenlial worting will resuft in loss ol marts'
Round off all non€xact answers to 3 significant fgures.
You are reminded of the need for crea r presentation in your answers.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part For Examiner's Use
question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on paqe 28.
Section A 30

Section B 30

Section C 40

Total 100

Setter: Mr Wong Zi Heng

This paper consists of 28 printed pages including this cover page

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SECTION A: Multiole Choice Questions (30 marksl

Each question below is provided with four answers.
Select the conect answer and shade either A, B, C or D in the OMS provided.

1 Which is a correct comparison between diffusion and osmosis?

diffusion osmosts

A does not only involve water molecules involves only water molecules

B does nol require energy requires energy

c faster with higher temperature same rate regardless of temperature

D occurs only when there is no partially occurs only when there is partially
permeable membrane permeable membrane

2 An experiment was sel up as shown in the diagram below. After 10 minutes, the results of
the experiment were recorded.

visking tubing
starch solution
water + iodine solution

Which results would be observed after 1 0 minutes?

liquid in boiling tube starch solution in visking tubing

A remains yellowish-brown remains colourless
B remains yellowish-brown turns blue$hck
c turns blue-black turns blue-bhck
D turns blue-black turns yellowishSrown

3 Which mmponents of blood are involved in the hansport of substances?

1 plasma
2 platelets
3 red blood celb
4 white blood cells
A 1and2 B 'land3 C 2and3 D 2and4

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4 which graph shows the effect of increased humidity on the transpiration rate of a plant?

transpiration A transpiration B
rate rate

humidity humidity

transpiration c transpiration D
rate rate

humidity humidity

5 The diagram shows the circulatory system.

lsngs
P o

R
resl of body

Which option about the blood vessels is correct?

deoxygenated blood wide lumen

A PandS PandR
B PandS QandS
c QandS PandR
D QandS QandS

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6 The diagram shows the male reproductive system.

o
R

Which identifies the conect part for the given functions?

l
A
B
produce male sex
hormones

R
produce fluid in semen

S
transport semen and urine

o
T
c S P o
D S R T

7 The graph shows changes in the thickness of the uterus lining of a woman over a period of 9
weeks.

thickness of
uterus lining
I

0
tx 1234 567 9
x
time/weeks

What event is likely to occur at X?

A fertilisation B implantation C menstruation D ovu lation

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8 Which changes occur in both boys and girls during puberty?

1 growth spurt occurs

2 hair starts to grow in pubic region and armpits
3 hips broaden
4 voice deepens

A 1 and2 B 1and3 C 1,2and3 D all of the above

9 The diagram shows two gametes involved in human reproduction'

nucleus

What is immediately formed by the fusion of the nucleus of the two gametes?

A embryo B foetus C ovum D zygote

10 How does the contraceptive pill prevents pregnancy?

A lt prevents implantation of the fertilised egg.

B lt produces and releases a substance that kills sperms.
C lt stops menstruation.
D lt stops ovulation.

11 Which is correct about gonorrhoea?

signs and symptoms harmful effects

A burning sensation during urination can cause person to be sterile

B discharge of pus from reproductive organ can cause heart failure

c non-itchy rashes can cause blindness in babies

D painless sores can cause insanitY

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12 Which of the substance(s) consist(s) of particles which are in constant motion?

1 air at a temperature of - 15 'C

2 copper at a temperature of 350 'C
3 water at25"C
A 1 only B 3 only C 2and3 D all of the above

13 ln which of the substances are the attractive forces between the particles the weakest?

A acoldgas B acoldliquid C ahotliquid D ahotsolid

14 A change in state of matter is shown below.

x
I --=+
Which best describes the change in state?

process thermal energy

A boiling gained
B boiling lost
c melting gained
D melting lost

15 The freezing points of four substances are given below.

substance freezing point / 'C

ammonia -78
ethanol -114
mercury -39
water 0

The four substances were kept in a very cold freezer. After 2 hours, only one of the
substances was found to be still in liquid state, while the other three are frozen solid.

What is the temperature of the freezer?

A 0"c B -30"c c -60'c D -€0 "c

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16 The circuit shows a 3.0 V battery connected to two 1.0 O light bulbs, a resistor R and an
ammeter. The ammeter reading is 0.60 A.

Frlrl

E E
E
What is the resistance of resistor R?

A O.4oo B 1.00 c 3.00 D 5'00

17 Diagram 1 shows a resistor connected to a battery, an ammeter and a voltmeter.

The ammeter reading is 1.0 A, and the voltmeter reading is 5'0 V'

A second identical resistor is now connected in parallel with the firsl resistor, as shown in
diagram 2.

t l -1

I I
diagram 1

I
diagram 2

what are the ammeter and voltmeter readings in the circuit shown in diagram 2?

ammeter reading / A voltmeter reading / V

A 1.0 2.5

B 1.0 5.0

c 2.0 5.0

D 2.0 10.0

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18 The circuit shows a 4.0 V battery connecl to two 4.0 Q light bulbs.

What is the cunent that flows through the battery?

A 0.50A B 1.0A G 2.0A D 8,OA

19 The diagram shows an electrical circuit where two 2.0 O resistors are connected to a 8.0 V
battery, an ammeter and a switch.

8.0 v

2.O A I ,oo I
What is the reading on the ammeter when the switch is open, and closed respectively?

ammeter reading when switch is open / A

@cbsed/A
A 2.0 'l .0

B 2.0 4.0
c 4.0 2.0
D 4.0 4.0

20 What is the most appropriate fuse rating tor a"240 V, 1200 W'heater?

A3A B5A C1OA D13A

2'l The cost of electrical energy is $0.19 per kWh. A 1500 W hotplate is switched on for t hour,
and a 2000 W oven for 30 minutes.

What is the total cost of using both appliances?

A $0.12 B $0.48 c $1.00 D $11.69

I
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22 fhe following diagrams show four different experimental set-ups.

Which of the following will not result in a chemical change?

A B glass rod

sodium chloride

dilute acid t
t
distilled water

aqueous alkali

C gtass rod D

zinc powder
sugar
ditute acid
heat

23 The information below gives the colour change of three indicators.

pH0 pH6 pH 14
yellow purple
T--T
I
bromocresol purple
pH4
red yellow
naphthyl red
p Hl0
colourless blue
thymolphthalein

Which colours would be seen when a few drops of each indicator are added into separate
test tubes of pure water?

bromocresol purple naphthyl red thymolphthalein

A purple yellow blue

B purp le yellow colourless

c purple red blue

D yellow red colourless

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24 \he graph below shows the pH change of solution X when solution Y is gradually added to it.

pH value of solution X

t4
-S II I T
t2
IO II
II I II II
8
II I \ II
6
4 II
II I \ II
2
II
0 510 152025303s40
Volume of solution Y added (cm3)

What is the volume of solution Y required to neutralize solution X?

A 13 cm3 B 25 cm3 G 28 cm3 D 39 cm3

25 Which statement is correct?

A A neutron has a relative charge of 0.

B A neutron has a relative mass of 0.
C A neutron odcits around the nucleus.
D Nucleon number is the number of neutrons in an atom.

26 Six elements and their prolon numbers are listed below. The letters are not their chemical
symbols.

element P o R 5 T U

proton number 7 I 11 13 14 19

Which two of these elements would have similar cfiemical properties?

A PandQ B Qandu C RandU D Sandl

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27 Cl-35 and Cl-37 are two isotopes of chlorine.

Which statements are conect?

1 Both isotopes have the same chemical properties.

2 Both isotopes have the same electronic configuration'
3 Both isotopes have the same mass number'
4 Both isolopes have the same physical properties.
A 1and2 B 1and3 C 2and4 D 3and4

28 The electronic configuration of M2- is 2.8.8. lt has 18 neutrons'

What is the mass number of M?

A20 834 c36 D38

29 X is a metal. X and sulfur can combine chemically to form an ionic compound XS. X can
also combine chemically with nitrogen to form a compound'

What is the chemical formula of this compound?

A XN B )QNs C )GN D XoNz

30 Which substance has a giant ionic lattice structure?

electrical conductivitY at melting point soluble in water

s00'c
A good 3600 no

B poor 36 no

c poor 186 yes

D poor 2200 yes

- End of Section A -

1-t
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SECTION B: Structured Questions (30 marks)

Answer f!
questions in the spaces provided.

B1 Fig. 81.1 shows the cross-sections of three different types of blood vessels P, Q and
R'PoR

Fig. Bl.1

(a) (i) State the blood vessel P, Q or R, which the blood flow is the fastest and at
a high pressure.

tll
(li) Explain how the structure of this blood vessel helps it to withstand the high
pressure.

t11

Fig. 81.2 shows a human heart.

(-
A

Fig. Bl.2

(b) (i) Name structures A and B.

A B t2t

(ii) Explain why structure C has a thicker wall than A.

l2t

ffotal: 6 marksl

t2
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82 Fig. B2.1 shows the number of people repor{ed to be Hlv-positive at a city hospital and
the ways by which they were infected over the years.

200 r sexual intercourse

number
of
people drug abuse
reported
HIV-positive
100

blood transfusion

1980 1985 1990 1995 Yeal

Fig. B2.l

(a) Explain how drug abuse can lead to the transmission of HlV.

t11

(b) State another possible source of HIV infection not shown in Fig. 82.1.

t1I

(c) Based on the information from Fig. 82.1 after '1995, suggest the most effective
way to control the spread of HIV virus.

t11

(d) ln a survey, it was found that the number of people infected with Hlv is higher than
the number of AIDS Patients.

Explain why.

tll
(e) Explain how AIDS is fatal.

t11

ffotal: 5 marksl
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83 A pure liquid at 50 "C is allowed to cool in a laboratory. lts temperalure is reco rded
every minute. Fig. 83.1 shows the graph of the temperature changing over time.

@ Trr_r T-T-l-rrrrrrT_r
'I I I Itlt
-T-T-rrTTT]-rrrrrrT.l-T_r-rrT IIlt
TrrrrrrrrT+
T-r-T-rn-rrrrrrT
ltL
Ittl L
llrll
50 -T-T-T-I'T-I'T-I'FTFTT
-rrT-r -rT-rrrrrrn-rrrr I I lrt L
temporature lt I Lt 1l
rrrT_rrTrTT-I-rr-T-rrrT
-T-TT I tt lt
l"c & LLIITTTT:I:
TTTT
.TTT ttttL
TTT T

-T-I-r 'T'rrrrrrrri
R IIII lf
Tn-T-t-T-tl-r
iltrttttt
-T-

30
IBF tt I II Lttlt lrtttttt -T-
I -T'I-T-TT I llltII
I I
-II II TfI I I TrI-rT-rrT -T-rrrT -TI I IIII
rII I .T-TT _T_tl-r T -T_t_T_t_T_r
-T'TT
ttttltttt !llt
rT_Trrrr
20

10

10 1

0me/n{n
Fig. B3.l

(a) State the portion(s) of the graph, AB, BC, CO, DE, that represents the substance

(i) undergoingfreezing,

t11

(ii) purely in solid state.

t1I

(b) Using the particulate model of matter, explain why the substance

(i) does not have a fixed shape at point A,

t1l

(ii) has a lower density at point C compared to point D.

t2t

ffotal: 5 marks]

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B4 Fig. 84.1 shows the connection of three wires, live, neutral and earth wires to an electric
oven.

O.r0O 0 J

Uve
Neural
Eartl
Mains
qoaer

tsrtl
conn6cl6d
casin!

Fig.84.1

(a) State and explain which wire a switch should be connected to'

t21

(b) (i) Explain how the earth wire helps to protect the user in the event that the live
wire touches the metal casing of the electric oven.

tzl

(ii)Theplugofamodernplasticlampwastake.naparttocheckwhetherthe
wiring was similar but the earth wire was not found.

Suggestwhytheplasticlampdoesnotrequireanearthwiretoprotectthe
user.

t1l

flotal: 5 marks]

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85 To study the effects of heat, a student heated three different substances and recorded
the experimental results in Table 85.1.

Table B5.1

mass of mass of
appearance appearance substance substance
subslance
before heating after heating before heating after heating
lg lg
calcium
white white 3.0 1.7
carbonate

copper (ll)
black black 3.0 3.0
oxide

magnesrum grey white 3.0 5.0

(a) (i) State which substance did not undergo a chemical change.

t1I

(ii) Using the information in Table 85.1, explain your answer in (a)(i).

t1I

(b) One of the substance was broken down into simpler substances.

State the type of chemical change that took place.

t1I

(c) One of the substance underwent the process of oxidation.

Write a word equation for the reaction.

t11

ffotal: 4 marksl

1b
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86 Table 86.1 shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for four particles'

Table 86.1

number of number of number of

particle protons neutrons electrons
q 4
J 4
q 5
K

L E tt 2
E 6 5
M

(a) State the particle(s) which

(i) has/have mass number of 10,

t1I

(ii) is/are electrically neutral,

tl1

(iii) has/have 2 valence electrons,

t11

(iv) is/areunreactive.

t1I

(b) Draw the electronic structure of particle M.

t1I

ffotalr 5 marksl

- End of Section B -

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SECTION C: Free Resoonse Questions (40 marks)

Answer any lggl questions in the section in the spaces provided.

Cl Fig. C1.1 shows the movement of water from the soil into the root hair in a plant.

V)

nrlT
p.rlicl.a

Fig. C1.l

(a) Describe the movement of water from the soil into the root hair cell.

t2t

Fig. C1.2 shows three plant cells that is placed in different solutions.
ABC

Fig. Cl.2

(b) (i) Describe the state of cells B and C.

cell B cell C tzt

Table Cl.1 shows the types of solutions the plant cells is placed in.

Table Cl.1

X Z

0.45% sucrose 10% sucrose

solution distilled water solution
solution

cell

(ai) Fill in Table C1.1 to identify the cells A, B or C placed in each solution' 121

18
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one of the leaf of the plant was supplied with carbon dioxide containing radioactive
carbon atoms as shown in Fig. c1.3. A srnall tube was inserted into the stem at point
X. Droplets of liquid from tissue B were collected from the tube-

A
B

clear
I plastic
I
I bag
I

I
I
plant I
I
stem I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
X droplet suppty of
of radioactive
f liquid carbon
dioxide
small
glass
tube

Fig. C1.3

(c) (i) ldentify tissue A and state its function.

tzt

(ii) When radioactive carbon dioxide was supplied during daylight' the droplets
of liquid which appeared at X were radioactive.

Explain these observations.

tzl

[Total: 10 marks]

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c2 Fig. C2.1 shows the changes in the level of female hormones and the thickness of the
uterine lining of a woman during a period from th June to 6th July.

Key
o Absent
o Low levlls

o Medium l.v.ls

o High levels

Hornone x Q O o o
Homone Y Cl
Thkkness of
uledne iining
Date
I 9 1011't2 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20 21222324 25A272AXg l2 3/t 56
T

June luly
Fig. C2.1

(a) (i) State the part of the reproductive system that produces the female
hormones.

t11

(ii) The previous menstrual cycle of the woman was not 28 days.

Suggest a reason why.

t1l

(b) (i) State the name of hormone Y.

t1I

(ii) State the functions of hormone X.

t2t

(c) The woman uses a temporary birth control method to prevent her from pregnancy
by avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period.

(i) Name this birth control method.

t1l

(ii) State the dates of the woman's fertile period in June.

t11

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 BP-58

(iii) Other than keeping track of the dates, explain how else the woman can
monitor her fertile period.

(d) Based on Fig. c2.1, siate and explain if fertilisation has occurred over the given
period.

tzl

[Total: 10 marks]

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C3 Fig. C3.1 shows two 3.0 Q resistors and a 2.0 Q light bulb connected to a battery.

@
F-i-nl

Fig. C3.l

Both ammeter Ar and fu has a reading of 2.0 A.

(a) Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery.

electromotive force = tzt

(b) Calculate the reading of ammeter fu.

ammeter reading = t1I

(c) Calculate the power of the light bulb.

Power = t2t

(d) Calculate the energy used by the light bulb in 5.0 min, leaving your answer in J.

energy used tzt

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 BP-60

(e) Calculate the effective resistance of the circuit.

effective resistance = t2t

(0 Calculate the reading of ammeter Aa.

ammeter reading = tll

[Total: 10 ma]ksl

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C4 Fig. C4.1 shows some chemical reactions involving dilute sulfuric acid.

green solution P gas Q I

add brown
iron carbonate solid add aqueous
potassium
hydroxide
dilute sulfuric acid colourless solution R

add grey zinc

metal

colourless solution T gas S

Fig. C4.1

(a) Name

(i) solution P

t1l

(ii) gas Q

t1l

(iii) solution R

t1l

(iv) gas S

t1l

(v) solution T

tlI
(b) Describe the test to show the presence of gas Q. State the observation for this
test.

tzl

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 BP-62

(c) write the word equation for the reaction between dilute suffuric acid and aqueous
potassium hydroxide.

t1I

(d) (i) Ashley put a piece of blue litmus paper into an unknown colourless solution
U. The iitmus paper remained blue. She concluded that solution U is alkaline
in nature.

State and explain whether you agree with Ashley.

t11

(ii) Brittany put a piece of dry blue and a piece of dry red litmus paper into an
unknorarn white powder V. Both litmus papers did not change colour. She
concluded that powder V is neutral in nature.

State and explain whether you agree with Brittany.

t11

[Total: 10 marks]

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C5 Aluminium fluoride is a white powder formed between the elements aluminium and
fluorine.

(a) Complete Table C5.'1 by filling in the elechonic configurations of aluminium and
fluorine atoms and ions.

Table C5.1

electronic conf iguration electronic configuration

element
of atom of ion

alu m inium

fluorine

t21

(b) Describe and explain, in terms of electrons, how aluminium fluoride may be
formed.

l2t

(c) Draw a dot-and<ross diagram to represent the bonding in aluminium fluoride.

Show al! electrons.

t2t

(d) Using your knowledge of the bonding and structure in aluminium fluoride, explain
why aluminium fluoride exists as a solid at room temperature.

tzt

26
PartslerlnLearnlng 62
 BP-64

Some aluminium fluoride powder is placed in a beaker. lt is then connected to a battery

and light bulb with wire and electrodes to form a closed circuit as shown in Fig. c5.1.

Fig. CS.l

(e) using your knowledge of the bonding and structure in aluminium fluoride, explain
why the light bulb does not light uP.

tzt

[Total: l0 marks]

- End of Section C -

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 BP-68

BEDOK SOUTH SECONDARY SCHOOL

END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION 2021
SECONDARY 2 EXPRESS LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE
MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30 marks)

1 5 7 8 9 {0 12 15

A B a D B D c A D D D A C U

16 '17 18 19 lzo 21 22 123 24 25 26 2l 28 29 30

C C B C B B B B A A B D D

I mark deducted from overall for any of the following:

/ Missingiincorrect units
/ Not leaving calculations to 3 sig. fig. when necessary

SECTION B (30 marks)

Question Answer Remarks

B1 (a) (i) R [1]
(ii) Tfre b lood vessel has thick muscular elastic wall to withstan d
the hi ure of blood flowin thro h I
(b) (i) A: right ventricle [1]
B: left atrium 1
(ii) It is to pump blood at a hioher pressure t11
over a reate a e bod 1
82 (a) Drug abusers share unsterilized/contam inated need les t1l
(b) Passed from infected mother to baby du ring
na rou st milk. 1
(c) Avoid having mu ttiole sex oartners
Usino ndoms durin g sexual intercourse
Either one 1
(d) AIDS is the last staqe of HIV infection
People who are HM Positive @
yet.
Either one 1
(e ) The immune svstem is severe lv damaqed/weakened causin s
the body to be susce vulnerable mmon NS

B3 (a) (i) Bc [1]

(ii) CD and DE [1]
(b) (i) The substance is in a liquid state and the pa rticles are
arranged in an irregular pattem and able to slide past one
another. I
(ii) The substance underwent contraction a nd the pediclg!_rneyq
closer toqether. [1]
The volume d ecrea ses while the mass remains the same,
resu in the dens to increase to be hi er at oint D. 1

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B4 (a) Live wire [1]

Cunent is cut off from electric oven when switch is off,
making the oven safe to touch [11
(b) (i) The earth wire prov ides a path of low resistance for the
cunent to flow to qroundiearth. t1l
This prevents the user from electrocution/electric shock. ['1.|
(ii) Lamp is made of plastic, an eleclrical insulator/poor electrical
conductor.
Lamp may be double insu lated.
Either one ['1 1

B5 (a) (i) Copper (ll) oxide [1]

(ii) The mass before and after heating remained to be the same
at 3.0 q and n o new substance is formed. [11
(b) Thermal demmposition [1]
(c) Magnesium + orygen gas --r magnesium oxide []
B6 (a) (i) K l1I
(ii) J, K, M [1]
(iii) J 11]

(iv) L t1l
(b)

t1l

SECTION C (40 marks)

Qi.restion Answei Remarks

c1 (a) The soil has hioher water ootential than the rool hair cell sap.
t1l
There is a net movement of water molecules from lhe soil to
the root hair cell sap by osmosis. [1]
(b) (i) Cell B: Turgid [1]
Cell C: PlasmoVsed/flaccid [1]
(ii) X Y z
0.45%
distilled 1 0% sucrose
solution SUCTOSE
water solution
solution
cell B A C
1m: l conect
2m: 3 conect
(c) (i) Xylem [1]
It transpo rts water and mineral salts from the roots to other
parts of the olant. [1]
(ii) Radioactive carbon dioxide was used in manufacturinq of
food/converted to qlucose during the daytime in the leaf by
photosynthesis.[1]
The manufactured food is then beinq transported via tissue
B, which is the phloem, to other parts of the plant.[1]
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c2 (a) (i) Ovaries ['1]

(ii) Emotional problem/mental fatigue /stress/strenuous physical

activities/malnutrition/un balanced diel
Either one I
(b) (i) Progesterone [11
(ii) Stimulates re pair and qrowth of ute rine lininq [1] and
stimulates 1

(c) (i) Rhythm method [11

(ii) 1gth to 24 June [1]
(iii) She can monitor her daity body temperature as it will rise/be
sl hi her durin ovulation 1
(d) No. [1]
Proqesterone lev el drops to low which tri ggers mensuration
as uterine lining thickness is not maintain ed for implantation
in the event of fertilisation. 1
c3 (a) v =rR 111
r/ = (2.0x3.0)
V =6.0V 1

(b) V ecf
I D

, 6.0
2.0
I --3.04 1

(c) P =w a'tl ecf

P = (6.0X3.0)
P =r8.0W I
(d) E=Pt 111
ecf
E = (18.0)(s.0x 60)
E - 5400J 1

(e) I =t*l*lttt
Rd 4 &.1R3"
1111
Rd 3.0 3.0 2.0
-=-+-+-
17
R{6
n* =l=ossta 1tt
(0 V ecf
I
R
6.0
I 6

7
I =7.04
I,=Ir+1,+1.
I =2.0+2.0+3.0
I ='7.04
Either one 1
c4 (a) (i) lron su tfate [1]

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 BP-7I

(ii) Carbon dioxide gas [1]

(iii) Potassium sulfate [1]
(iv) Hydrogen gas [1]
(v) Zinc sulfate [1]
(b) Bubble the gas throug h limewater/calcium hydroxide
solution. [1]
A white precioitate forms in limewater if carbon dioxide gas is
present. [1]
Mark based on answer in (a)(ii), if answer was hydrogen gas
then answer should be test for hydrogen
(c) Sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide ---, potassium sulfate +
water [1]
ecf from (a)(iii) for potassium sulfate, main marking point is
water
(d) (i) Disaoree. Solution U could be neutral. ['l]
(ii) Disaqree. Powder V is not dissolved in water to produce
hydrogen or hydroxide ions if any. [1]
c5 (a) electronic electronic
element configuration of configuralion of
atom ion

aluminium 2.8.3 2.8

fluorine 2.7 2.8

1m:Zto3correct
2m: 4 correct
(b) Each aluminium atom loses three electrons to form AF..
Each fluorine atom qains one electron to form F-. [1]
The oppositely charged ions are aftracted to each other by
stronq electrostatic forces of attraction to form aluminium
fluoride. [11
(c) 3+
3

Key
Eledron ofN -.
Eledron ot F -x
1m: 1 ion drawn correc,tly
2m: all ions drawn correctly, number of ions correct
(d) The ions of aluminium fluoride are held together by stronq
electrostatic forces of attraction. t1l
Large amounl of enerqy is required to overcome the stron s
electrostatic forces of attraction to melt aluminium fluoride,
resulting in a high melting point. Thus aluminium fluoride
exists as a solid at room temperature.[1]
(e) The ions of aluminium fluoride are held together in a g!4!
ionic lattice structure in solid state. tl I
The ions are not mobile to conduct electrici ty. Thus the light
bulb does not light up. [11

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