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Lab 5

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11 views

Lab 5

Uploaded by

Zain Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

SMME

Lab Report 6

COURSE : Fluid Mechanics Lab

SUBMITTED BY : Zain Ahmed (428451)

SECTION : ME-14 B
Determine the efficiency and pressure head of Centrifugal
pump
Objective:
The main objective is to investigate how efficiency of centrifugal pump varies by varying the
flow rate.

The primary objective is to investigate the pressure head variation by varying the flow rate.

Apparatus:
Series and parallel pump test rig having features:

Pressure sensors

Speed sensors

Valves

Valve

Pressure gauge

Control and display panel


Centrifugal pump

Figure 1: Series and parallel pump test rig apparatus

The apparatus consists of two centrifugal pumps that would either work alone or can be
connects in series and parallel. The control and display panel are used to turn on or off pumps
and to display pumps rotation speed, Power input, and pressure at points at which pressure
gages are attached. The valves are used to control the volume flow rate.
In a series configuration, the pumps are connected one after the other. The fluid flows through
the first pump, then through the second pump, and so on.

In a parallel configuration, the pumps are connected side-by-side. The fluid flows through each
pump independently, and then the streams of fluid are combined.

Procedure:
1. First, the circulation tank was filled with water.
2. Adjust the valves such that the water will circulate such that only passes through the single
pump and back to circulation pump.
3. The power supply was turned on and the switch at the control panel was also turned on.
4. Turn on only pump 1. The indicators for pressure, speed, flowrate, and power were turned
on.
5. The volumetric flowrate of the fluid was adjusted by valve 5, after activating Pump I.
6. Readings were taken for pressure, power, speed, and flow rate from the digital indicators.
7. Set the difference values of flow rate and note the above-mentioned readings.
8. After completion, power supply and all the valves were switched to off position.

Results and calculations:

Results:

Density = ρ = 998 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

g = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2

Table 1:

No. Q P1 P2 ∆P hP Poweroutput Powermotor η η%


(𝑚3 /𝑠) (kpa) (kpa) (kpa) (m) (W) (W)

1 0.002073 85 123 38 3.8774 78.7866 630 0.1250 12.5

2 0.001667 91 176 85 8.6733 141.6667 615 0.2305 23.1

3 0.001383 94 201 107 10.9182 148.0167 605 0.2446 24.5

4 0.001158 96 218 122 12.4488 141.3167 580 0.2436 24.4


5 0.000875 98 235 137 13.9793 119.8750 525 0.2283 22.8

6 0.0006675 99 245 147 14.9997 99.2250 490 0.2025 20.2

7 0.0004083 101 259 158 16.1221 64.5167 448 0.1440 14.4

Sample calculation:

Pressure head is given by:

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 123 − 85
ℎ𝑃 = = = 3.8774𝑚
𝜌𝑔 998 × 9.8

Power output is given by:

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝜌 × 𝑔 × ℎ𝑃 × 𝑄 = ∆𝑃 × 𝑄 = 38 × 0.002073 = 78.78𝑊

Efficiency is given by:

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 78.78
𝜂= = = 0.125 𝑜𝑟 12.5%
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 630

Graph:

Table 2: Volume flow rate and efficiency and head graph

Efferciency Head(m)
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025
Flow rate Q
Discussion:
The experiment visualized the interplay between flowrate, efficiency, and pressure head in a
pump. The efficiency curve resembled a bell shape. It began low, climbed steadily with
increasing flowrate, reaching a maximum value at a specific operating point. Beyond this peak,
efficiency dipped as flowrate continued to rise. In contrast, the pressure head exhibited an
inverse relationship with flowrate. The pressure head started high and continuously declined
as flowrate increased. It's important to note that neither curve displayed a linear trend. This
non-linearity could be attributed to uncertainties and errors inherent to the experiment, such
as human error or limitations of the instruments used.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the flowrate affects the efficiency and pressure head of the pump. This
knowledge is essential for an engineer, who can optimize the use of pumps in various
applications by using this information.

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