What is front-end LECTURE

vs. back-end? SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

Explaining the two concepts

In any web interaction you have, you're going to use a

browser to access information on a server

Front-end programming is a set of instructions that

tells your browser what to show (images, text, spacing,

buttons, etc.)

Back-end programming is a set of instructions that

does things like fetching information, saving

information, and running calculations

The front-end instructions get processed on your

browser, which uses your computer's RAM and processor

Too many websites open will slow your computer down

Back-end instructions run primarily on the server you

accessed the information from and uses its hardware

Back-end programming = Server-side programming

In order for a website to run effectively, both front-end

and back-end programming must operate together

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
What is a language? SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

Explaining programming languages

Programming is a way to write instructions for a

computer to understand and work with

Computers speak machine code

A programming language is a set of rules you have to

follow in order for your computer to understand you

Programming languages are similar to human languages.

They are only good for software or hardware that is

designed to understand them

Programming has developed over the years as more and

more people contributed to it

Even though newer languages are more efficient, a lot of

products (ex. operating systems) we use are still based

on old languages

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
HTML SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

What HTML is and what it's used for

HTML = HyperText Markup Language

HTML was created by people who wanted to increase the

efficiency of sharing research

They first created the HyperText Transfer Protocol

(HTTP), and with this, people could use HyperLinks in a

document to embed links to other documents

Then, the researchers wanted to markup the texts with

highlights, underlining, bolding, and so HTML appeared

HTML is by far the simplest web language you can learn

and it's included in every website

HTML is used for formatting text, tables, images, buttons,

and it assigns attributes to these objects

There are 142 tags you can use in HTML

HTML5, the latest version, lets you embed anything you

want into a page, like music, videos, games

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
CSS SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

What CSS is and what it's used for

CSS = Cascading Style Sheets

CSS allows you to have more control over the page than

HTML does

With CSS, you can create a variety of new attributes and

apply them to HTML elements on the page, by using

what's called a "class"

For example, you can arrange elements on the page

wherever you want them by describing the location

Any attribute you give to a class will be given to whatever

you wrap in that class tag

Class rules can be created in the same document as your

text, separated at the top, or in a separate .css file that

will be referenced in the original document

Every developer has to have a basic understanding of

CSS

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
JavaScript SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

What JavaScript is and what it's used for

JavaScript is not the same thing as Java, which is a back-

end language

JavaScript was created by Marc Andreesen and it was

originally called Mocha

It's the hardest language to learn

JavaScript is in charge with the website interactivity

It was originally created for facilitating the process of

filling out forms; before JavaScript, you couldn't know if

the username you're trying to use was already taken

JavaScript allows websites to run faster, it makes the site

experience more interesting and enjoyable

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
Python SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

The pros and cons of Python

Python is a versatile programming language and it's easy

to learn

It's considered a general purpose programming language

Python is an expressive language because it resembles

very closely the English language

Other languages make you learn various signs that if you

forget to include, the code fails

Python looks like this:

if a is not 5:

Who uses Python: Google, YouTube, Dropbox, NASA

Python is a high level programming language, which

means it's the farthest away from machine code, so it's

less precise
This makes it harder to have full control over what you're

trying to do

The downside to being a general purpose language is

that every time you use it, you have to install other

technologies to help interpret the code for you

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
PHP SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

What you need to know about PHP

PHP = PHP Hypertext PreProcessor

PHP is one of the most well-known back-end languages

and it has the largest community of developers

It's fairly easy to learn but it has a few inefficiencies

because it's so old

PHP looks like this:

Display "if (a!=5) {..."

PHP is open source, anyone can use it and set it up very

quickly

PHP is the easiest to find and recruit developers for,

because of its large community

It has a negative reputation because it's free

Although it has some drawbacks, PHP is flexible, well

supported, and easy to use

Who uses PHP: Facebook, WordPress

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
Ruby SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

What you need to know about Ruby

Ruby is the newest programming language, it's popular

and a bit controversial

It was designed to increase speed

It includes a lot of automation and intuitive changes that

save time

Ruby has a small community and therefore the prices are

very high for a Ruby developer

It has a lot of inexperienced people because it's so new

It has poor performance when used for larger and larger

systems

Who uses Ruby: AirBNB, Shopify, Etsy, Groupon

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
What's a tech stack? SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

The definition of tech stacks and examples

The operating system acts as a giant interpreter for your

computer, and as a result any software or program works

within the space that it's created

We usually think of this like a "stack"

Any set of technology of programming languages that

works together and enables each other will and can be

referred to as a stack

Web stack = The combination of technologies a website

uses

Tech stack = Web & mobile apps

For example, a website can be built using the LAMP

stack:

Linux (operating system), Apache (server system), MySQL

(database), PHP (back-end language)

Facebook uses LAMP

If you change one of the pieces, you can get WAMP

(Windows), or MAMP (MacOS)

See you next lecture!

 LECTURE
Common stacks for web SUMMARY

PRE-PROGRAMMING

Covered in this lecture:

More examples of stacks

Any web stack has 4 components: operating system,

server system, database, back-end language

LAMP is the oldest and most popular stack

When you have different needs for your technology, you

can use other stacks

WINS = Windows Server, IIS Server, .NET, Microsoft SQL

Server

WINS is great for big enterprises, because it focuses on

security and IP protection

It's also very slow to use, expensive, and you have to

train people on how to use it

MEAN = MongoDB, Express.js, Angular.js, Node.js

MEAN is great for small startups that need cutting edge

technology, speed, and a polished user interface

See you next lecture!