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 Learning
Math is Fun
and Easy!
 Fourth Quarter – Lesson 1

Union of Events
Perlita B. De Castro
Math 10
College of Our Lady of Mercy of Pulilan Foundation, Inc.
S.Y. 2023-2024
 At the end of the lesson, we
will learn to:

✓ illustrate events and union

What are we of events
going to learn ✓ illustrate the probability of a
union of two events
today? ✓ find the probability of 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩
 At the end of the lesson, we
will learn to:

✓ illustrate mutually exclusive

What are we events
going to learn ✓ solve problems involving
probability
today?
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
➢ Experiment – an activity that produces
measurable results, called outcomes.
➢ Sample Space – the set of all possible outcomes.
➢ Event – a subset of a sample space. It is also a
specific or collection of outcomes.
Experiment Sample Space (S) Events (E)

The event that a

head will occur.

𝑺 = 𝑯, 𝑻 𝑬= 𝑯

The event even

𝑺 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔 number appears.
𝑬 = 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔
 PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
➢ The Probability of an event is a ratio that compares the
number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible
outcomes.
𝒏(𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕)
𝑷 𝑬 =
𝑵(𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆)

n(event) – number of outcomes of the event

N(sample space) – total number of all possible outcomes
PROPERTIES OF PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT

1. A probability is a number between 0 and 1.

2. The probability of an event that cannot be happen is 0.
3. The probability of an event that must happen is 1.
 A coin is tossed, find the
probability of getting a head.
Sample space = {H, T} Event = {H}
N(S) = 2 n(E) = 1
Example 1:
𝒏(𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅) 𝟏
𝑷 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅 =
𝑵(𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆) =
𝟐
 What is the probability of
rolling a prime number on a
dice?
Sample space = {1,2,3,4,5,6} Event = {2,3,5}
Example 2: N(S) = 6 n(E) = 3

𝒏(𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆) 𝟑 𝟏
𝑷 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆 =
𝑵(𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆) = =
𝟔 𝟐
 A playing card is drawn at
random from a standard deck
of 52 playing cards. Find the
probability of drawing:
Example 3: a. a diamond
b. a black card
c. a queen
 Three coins are tossed.
What is the probability of
getting:
a. three heads?
Seat Work b. two heads?
c. one head?
d. at least two tails?
e. no tails?
UNION AND INTERSECTION OF TWO EVENTS

❑ The union of two events A

and B, denoted by 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩, is
the set of all the elements
that are in A, or in B, or in
both A and B.
 𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕
𝑩 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒
Example 4:
𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟕}
UNION AND INTERSECTION OF TWO EVENTS

❑ The intersection of two

events A and B, denoted
by 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩, is the event
containing the elements
that are in both A and B.
 𝑨 = 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟗
𝑩 = 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟏𝟏
Example 5:
𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = {𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕}
 𝑨= 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕
𝑩= 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟕
𝑪= 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖
𝑫= 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓
Let’s Try! 1. 𝑨∩𝑩 4. 𝑪∩𝑫
2. 𝑨∪𝑩 5. 𝑨∪𝑩 ∪𝑫
3. 𝑨∩𝑪
 A die is rolled. If A is
the event that an even
number turns up and B is
the event that a number
Example 6: divisible by 3 turns up,
find: P(A), P(B), P(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩),
and P(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩).
Q&A!
 Find the probabilities
asked.
1. If a letter in the English
Start Doing alphabet is to be chosen
at random, what is the
probability that the letter
chosen is a vowel?
 Find the probabilities
asked.
2. Given the condition in
Start Doing item 1, what is the
probability that the
letter is listed before the
letter R?
 Find the probabilities
asked.
3. A die is rolled once.
Start Doing What is the probability
that it will turn up an
odd number?
Activity
Quiz
Time!
MUTUALLY AND NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS
❑ Two events A and B are said to be mutually
exclusive when it is impossible for both
events to occur simultaneously. The
intersection of events A and B in this case is
empty.
MUTUALLY AND NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS
❑ Two events A and B are said to be non-
mutually exclusive if there is at least one
common outcome between them.
 Determine which of the
following experiments are mutually
exclusive and non-mutually
exclusive.
1) Drawing a card and tossing a
Example 7: coin.
2) From an ordinary deck of
playing cards, getting a
number multiple of 2 and
getting an 8 of clubs.
 Determine which of the
following experiments are mutually
exclusive and non-mutually
exclusive.
3) Rolling 2 dice and getting a
Example 7: red card.
4) Choosing any number from 1
to 25 and getting a multiple of
6.
 Determine which of the
following experiments are mutually
exclusive and non-mutually
exclusive.

Example 7: 5) Tossing a coin and getting a

tail or head.
 Answer
Start Doing Exercise 2 on
page 267
 SOLVING MUTUALLY AND NON-MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

Rule 1: If events A and B are mutually exclusive

events, then

𝑷 𝑨∪𝑩 =𝑷 𝑨 +𝑷 𝑩 .
Note that 𝑷 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 can also be written as 𝑷 𝑨 𝒐𝒓 𝑩 .
SOLVING MUTUALLY AND NON-MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

Rule 2: If events A and B are not

mutually exclusive events, then
𝑷 𝑨∪𝑩 =𝑷 𝑨 +𝑷 𝑩 −𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩
 One marble is to be drawn
from a jar containing 3 green
marbles, 4 blue marbles, and 5
maroon marbles. Determine the
probability that the marble
Example 8: drawn is:
1) green;
2) not blue; and
3) maroon or blue
 The probability that a certain
internet café owns a desktop is 79%; the
probability of having a monitor is 72%;
and the probability that it owns both a
desktop and a monitor is 57%. What is
Example 9: the probability that a randomly selected
internet café owns a desktop or a
monitor?
 A piggy bank contains the following
coins: fifty 25-centavos, seventy 1-peso,
thirty 5-peso, and twenty 10-peso coins.
One coin is removed at random. Find the
probability of the following.
Example 10: 1) The coin is a 5-peso coin.
2) The coin is a 25-centavos or a
5-peso coin.
3) The coin is a 1-peso or 10-peso
coin.
 In a certain student body
organization (SBO) election. Maxi and
Mary are among the candidates running
for president. Approximately, there is a
45% chance that Maxi will win the race
Example 11: while there is a 30% chance for Mary.
What is the probability that either Maxi
or Mary will win the SBO presidency?
 A glass container has candies,
lollipops, and chocolates. If the
probability of choosing a piece of candy
from the glass container is 0.283 and the
probability of choosing a piece of
Example 12: chocolate is 0.31, what is the probability
of choosing either a candy or a chocolate
from the glass container?
 The probability that a
student is a male is 43% and
that a student loves statistics is
40%. What is the probability
Example 13: that a student selected at
random is a female or loves
statistics?
 The probability that a person
has a checking account is 0.76, a
savings account is 0.35, and
both accounts are 0.23. what is
Example 14: the probability that a randomly
selected person has a checking
or savings account?
Q&A!
Quiz
Time!
 Math can be related to our
lives. It teaches us to always
be careful with the signs.
Thank You!